Trollius is not widely planted in Enshi, but our family has been planting it since 2000. The main purpose of planting is to watch and drink tea. The tea brewed by Trollius chinensis is particularly clear, with a faint fragrance, and has the function of clearing away heat and detoxifying. It is a very good health tea, which is called "Longjing Tea beyond the Great Wall" among the people.
Trollius has existed since ancient times. It is said that Xiao Taihou's skin has always been as white as a baby's skin, and her face is bright and young. It is precisely because of her long-term consumption of Trollius chinensis that she was called the Beauty Trollius chinensis in which era and was also listed as a tribute to the palace. The Qing Dynasty paid more attention to it, and Kangxi also wrote a poem for it, "All the way from the desert, the roots are waiting for the topic, the incense refers to the threshold, the positive color and the heart, the mountains are facing the north, and the mountains are staggered to the west. The wind is already summer, and few people are noble." It is precisely because of this that the folks have the saying that "three flowers are better than two teas".
Then, in the process of agricultural planting, how to plant to achieve high yield? Today, I will share with you our family's many years of planting experience. I hope you can get a full harvest when you are ready to sow.
First of all, the growth characteristics of Trollius chinensis like warm and humid environment. Cold tolerance is average, and it grows well at 2~ 15℃. Afraid of strong light and high temperature, the growth is inhibited when the temperature continues to exceed 25℃. The requirement for soil is not high, but it is required that the soil should not be too dry and have good drainage ability, otherwise the root system will easily cause vomiting. Because of this, it grows particularly well in our Enshi mountain area.
Second, there is no strict requirement on the planting time of Trollius chinensis. Trollius can be planted all year round. It is best to avoid the growing season in summer and high temperature season for large-scale planting, or avoid sun exposure by shading. It is best to sow in the following four time periods in a year.
? Sowing in early March, low flowering period from early July to August, relatively long flowering period. ? Sowing in late June, flowering around National Day. ? Sowing in late September, flowering around the Spring Festival. ? 65438+Sow in early February and blossom in early May. Third, the propagation mode of Trollius chinensis can be seed propagation or tender stem cutting propagation. Because seed propagation is relatively convenient and the emergence rate is high, seeds are often used for propagation in Enshi area. Seed propagation can adopt direct seeding or seedling transplanting. Because our family mainly grows ornamental and tea trees, in order to achieve better ornamental effect, seedlings are generally transplanted.
Seedbed preparation: the seedbed should be selected in a place with sufficient light and convenient irrigation and drainage. It is advisable to use fertile sandy soil or loose loam. Before sowing, the seedbed soil should be deeply ploughed to remove impurities, then disinfected and leveled for planting. Seed selection: Most seeds are harvested in the autumn of the first year, so it is advisable to choose full, dry seeds without pests and diseases. Seed treatment: soak the selected seeds one day before sowing. Generally, it is soaked in warm water at about 40℃ 12 hours or more. After taking out, drain the surface water and sow. Accelerating germination before sowing: in order to improve the germination rate, it is necessary to accelerate germination properly after soaking seeds, and the appropriate temperature is about 20~26℃. 90% of seeds should be sown when they germinate. Sowing and seedling raising: germinated seeds can be sowed as required, and the hole spacing is about 8~ 10CM. Only about 3 seeds can be planted in each nest, and the soil after planting is about 1.5CM. Seedbed management: water in time after sowing to keep the soil moist, and the humidity should be controlled at about 50%. Avoid soil dryness affecting seedling growth. Fourth, field transplanting 1, land selection and soil preparation.
The field planting of Trollius chinensis should choose sandy loam or loam plots with loose soil, rich organic matter and convenient irrigation and drainage. Because Trollius chinensis is not tolerant to shade, it is easy to choose sunny slope or semi-sunny slope for planting plots; Before transplanting, the selected plots should be deeply ploughed, generally about 30CM deep. It is best to plough in autumn and winter. With the arrival of severe winter, it can kill 80% of the eggs and spores in the field, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
2. Clean up the garden for disinfection
In the early stage of transplanting, the selected plots should be deeply cleaned, whether it is weeds in the field or stubble of previous crops, it is best to use deep burial treatment. After cleaning, we can pave the field with quicklime before leveling the soil, and then carefully level it, which can greatly reduce the field pests and diseases and effectively improve the soil performance.
3. Fertilize the seedbed
After the soil preparation is completed, the most critical step before transplanting is to fertilize the border. Trollius chinensis must have a large amount of fertilizer, and the base fertilizer should be applied adequately. It is best to give priority to fully decomposed organic fertilizer or farmyard manure, and the fertilization amount is generally controlled at about 3000㎏ per mu. After fertilization, the border should be made according to the width of 120CM, and the length depends on the characteristics of the plot. A trench with a width of about 30CM and a depth of 10 ~ 15cm should be left between the boundaries to facilitate drainage in the later period.
4. Transplanting and planting
Generally, seedlings can be transplanted after they grow to two real leaves. When transplanting, holes should be opened according to the plant spacing of about 30*40CM. When transplanting, the roots of seedlings must be vibrated and compacted to ensure that the roots of seedlings are in full contact with the soil, which can improve the survival rate and shorten the delay time of seedlings. Water it once in time after transplanting to ensure that the soil moisture is above 60%. Thereby promoting fast sowing and slow sowing.
V. Field management 1, intertillage weeding
Weeding should be done in time during the planting process of Trollius chinensis, especially before the flowering period, combined with intertillage weeding, which can not only keep the field free of weeds, but also intertillage and loosen the soil for many times to increase the soil permeability and promote the rapid growth of Trollius chinensis at seedling stage.
2. Pruning and coring
As an ornamental plant, it is a very critical step to prune the trollius if it wants to grow more vigorously and bloom more. Generally, the first coring is carried out when the seedlings grow to 4~5 true leaves. At this time, picking the heart is mainly to make it sprout more branches and leaves. When the secondary branches and leaves grow 5-6 true leaves, the second coring is carried out. According to this operation for 3~4 times, the branches and leaves of Trollius chinensis will become particularly lush. In order to make the flowering period more beautiful, topdressing of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be increased at this time.
3. Lighting temperature
Although Trollius chinensis likes light, it should be properly shaded in hot summer, so that its growth environment is in a semi-sunny and semi-cloudy state, and it is enough to ensure about 5 hours of light every day, so as to avoid the high-temperature weather at noon, avoid the high-temperature period, effectively avoid the high-temperature dormancy temperature above 35℃, and preferably control the good growth environment temperature at 18~26℃.
4. Water and fertilizer control
Trollius likes wet, but is afraid of waterlogging. If there is more water, it will grow white, resulting in less flowers or no flowers. Generally, water it once a week to ensure that the soil humidity is about 50%. If possible, it can be supplemented by spraying for many times, which can not only reduce the temperature around the trollius, but also effectively increase the humidity of the air.
In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer when transplanting, a small amount of topdressing should be used for many times during the growth process, especially at the early flowering stage, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added. If conditions permit, topdressing plant ash fertilizer can be directly applied to promote flowers together with Cui Lei.
5, pest control
Trollius chinensis as an ornamental plant, pesticides can be controlled, and as a raw material of tea, prevention is the main thing, supplemented by treatment. Therefore, in my planting process, I have been emphasizing disinfection and sterilization in the early stage to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
6. Pick the golden lotus as tea at the right time, take flowers as raw materials, and the time of picking flowers must be well grasped. Because trollius has a long flowering period, it should be picked in batches. It should not be too early or too late. Too early or too late will reduce its quality and taste. The harvest of Trollius chinensis is usually carried out when the flower bones are just opened, and the quality and taste are in the best state.
The above is the experience sharing of Zuimei Xueyan planting Trollius chinensis, hoping to help friends who are interested in planting. I would like to remind you that when planting, you can consider the ornamental value, which is particularly beautiful indoors and outdoors.