Reflection on the Birth of Tragedy I: Reflection on the Birth of Tragedy (196 1 word) In this book, Nietzsche directly explains the internal mechanism of Greek tragedy. Pointed out the spirit of Apollo and Dionysus. Apollo and Dionysus. The so-called Apollo spirit is to indulge in the illusion of appearance and oppose the pursuit of noumenon. The glory of Apollo made everything look beautiful and created an illusion. The subtext of Apollo spirit is: Even if life is a dream, we should dream with relish and not lose the emotion and fun of the dream. ; The so-called Dionysus symbolizes emotional indulgence, and its state is a state of ecstasy and pain. Dionysian spirit should break the illusion of appearance and communicate with noumenon. The subtext of Dionysian spirit is: Even if life is a tragedy, we should play this tragedy to the fullest, and don't lose the magnificence and joy of the tragedy. The former covers the tragic face of life with a beautiful veil, while the latter lifts the veil and looks directly at the tragedy of life. The former teaches people not to give up the happiness of life, while the latter teaches people not to escape the pain of life. The former is obsessed with the moment, while the latter yearns for eternity. We all like listening to music, which is the expression of the comprehensive emotions of Apollo and Dionysus. Nietzsche believes that tragedy is the synthesis of Apollo spirit and Dionysian spirit. But in essence, he appreciates Dionysus's spirit more. This is what he calls the spirit of music. Nietzsche believes that when watching tragedy, "a metaphysical comfort makes us temporarily escape from the interference of world changes." Through the destruction of personality, we feel the richness and indestructibility of the world's will to life, thus giving birth to pleasure. The suffering of reality has turned into aesthetic happiness, and the tragedy of life has turned into a comedy of the world. It is affirmed that life, together with the pain and destruction it inevitably contains, plays with pain and obtains aesthetic happiness from the tragedy of life. This is the true meaning of Nietzsche's attitude towards aesthetic life. ""Re-evaluating all values focuses on criticizing Christian morality. Aesthetic attitude towards life is firstly an immoral attitude towards life. Life itself is immoral, everything belongs to the eternal' whole' of nature, and there is no distinction between good and evil at all. Christianity evaluates life ethically and regards life instinct as evil, which leads to general guilt and self-repression. Aesthetic life requires us to get rid of this sense of guilt, transcend good and evil, and enjoy the freedom of mind and the happiness of life. " Therefore, Nietzsche has two sentences: "Art is the highest mission of life and the original metaphysical activity of life", "Only as an aesthetic phenomenon, life and the world appear to have sufficient reasons. "The main part of the birth of tragedy can be divided into two parts. The first fifteen chapters are the explanation of Nietzsche's literary theory, and the last sixteen chapters are the methodological application of the literary aesthetic thought put forward in the previous chapter in the German Renaissance. Therefore, the first part summarizes the following contents, and the contents of the last ten chapters are repeated with the previous ones, which can be used to prove and explain the previous concepts. As can be seen from the above, Nietzsche's The Birth of Tragedy has two levels. First of all, it discusses the origin of ancient Greek tragedy and criticizes modern rationalism. On the other hand, it is the real core hidden behind these discussions-the decisive role of aesthetics in the meaning of human existence, that is, the original form of the so-called "trying to reassess all values". The latter is the core of Nietzsche's aesthetics, the basic point for us to understand his theory of Apollo-Dionysus, and a clue throughout the book. Regarding Nietzsche's The Birth of Tragedy, scholar Zhou Zeng summed it up like this: "The theme of the birth of tragedy is repeatedly pointed out by Nietzsche, that is, to create a pure aesthetic evaluation for life. Aesthetic value is the only recognized value in the book, and' the God of a completely unprincipled and immoral artist' is the only recognized' God' in the book. He also clearly pointed out that the aesthetic evaluation of life is fundamentally opposed to the religious, moral and scientific evaluation of life. ..... later pointed out: "Our religion, morality and philosophy are all decadent forms of human beings. Opposing Movement: Art' shows that the standard of' revaluation' is art in a broad sense, and its essence is to oppose ethical and utilitarian (scientific) attitudes towards life with aesthetic attitudes towards life. Nietzsche was influenced by Schopenhauer's philosophy when he wrote The Birth of Tragedy. In the fifth section of this book, Nietzsche applies Schopenhauer's philosophy of music and says, "I hope I know him under his own will." In the fourth section, a concept that is always in pain and contradiction-"the original unity" is also called "the foundation of existence", which is very similar to Schopenhauer's view that the universe is the representation of will. Sure enough, in chapter 16, he clearly put forward that "we can call the world concrete music, just as we call it concrete will", which exposed his voluntarism. Later, the proposition of "will to power" has appeared here. The so-called "superman" who can realize the will to power, that is, the "autocratic monarch with artistic talent", is the creator of history and enslaves the public. This superhuman philosophy can also be found in this book. In section 18, Nietzsche called on "the new generation to point to the unexplored world with fearless eyes and brave impulses". These irrational "geniuses" deny the universal validity of science and achieve universal goals, and begin to break the confidence that human beings can explore the universe through causality. In other words, superman does not need rational guidance and restriction when he acts, but only needs abstract will and primitive instinct. To sum up, we can see that Nietzsche constructed his voluntarism in philosophy, society and history in The Birth of Tragedy. Pessimism Primitive reversion, the embryonic form of Superman philosophy. He believes that what the world preaches is a set of shocking concepts, such as: consciously promoting evil and restraining good, and thinking that it is wrong to pursue good; True virtue is contrary to traditional virtue, and only a few people have it; Higher people go to war against ordinary people and resist the democratic tendency of the times; The power of will is above everything else. In order to have the ability to hurt people and endure pain, it is more painful to practice Spartan discipline. Men should be trained to fight, women should be trained to entertain soldiers and so on. Reflection on the Birth of Tragedy II: Reflection on the Birth of Tragedy (888 words) Nietzsche's first book is The Birth of Tragedy, and he put forward the spirit of Apollo and Dionysus. The glory of Apollo made everything look beautiful and created an illusion. Dionysus symbolizes emotional indulgence, and its state is an ecstasy state in which pain and ecstasy are intertwined. We all like listening to music, which is a comprehensive embodiment of the spirit of Apollo and Dionysus. Nietzsche believes that when watching a tragedy, "a kind of metaphysical comfort enables us to temporarily escape from the interference of world changes". Through the destruction of personality, we feel the richness and indestructibility of the world's will to life, thus giving birth to pleasure. The suffering of reality has turned into aesthetic happiness, and the tragedy of life has turned into a comedy of the world, affirming that life, together with its inevitable pain and destruction, plays with pain and obtains aesthetic happiness from the tragedy of life. This is the essence of Dionysian spirit. The spirit of Apollo is obsessed with the illusion of appearance and opposes the pursuit of ontology, while the spirit of Dionysus should break the illusion of appearance and communicate with ontology. The former covers the tragic face of life with a beautiful veil, while the latter lifts the veil and looks directly at the tragedy of life. The former teaches people not to give up the happiness of life, while the latter teaches people not to escape the pain of life. The former is obsessed with the moment, while the latter yearns for eternity. The subtext of Apollo spirit: Even if life is a dream. We should also have this dream with relish. Don't lose the emotion and fun of your dreams; The subtext of Dionysian spirit is: Even if life is a tragedy, we should play this tragedy vividly without losing its magnificence and joy. Nietzsche believes that power is the highest goal of the will of life, and life is the contest process of strong and weak power will. This kind of power will is actually a kind of "life will" of Dionysian spirit transformation, and it is a life principle of conquering dissidents and making them a tool for their own survival and development. So he divided people into geniuses and hooligans. Whether a person can hold an aesthetic attitude towards people and affirm or deny life depends on the power of inner life in the final analysis. He also declared that "God is dead", called for breaking idols, destroying stale traditional concepts and advocating the unrestrained Dionysian spirit. Human activities (whether physical or intellectual) create art, which is the source of life, and those immortal and brilliant artistic images that have been passed down to this day are the essence of human activities that stand out in the endless history. During the same period, human civilizations in different places created many unique artistic images based on their respective social forms and cultural styles. In these images, Kuafu and Prometheus will be the objects of this paper. Before discussing them, I must take pains to add some historical background knowledge, which will help the spread of the article and readers' understanding. So please read on patiently, and you will certainly benefit a lot. The third thought about the birth of tragedy: Thinking about the birth of tragedy (word 14 16) It is difficult to find the birth of tragedy by the philosopher Nietzsche, but it was difficult at first to read it. Maybe I'm really stupid. I don't understand many things, even some don't understand at all. I have no choice but to bite the bullet and write down my superficial experience. "He (referring to this book) finally made peace with himself, slowly recovered from an illness brought home from the battlefield, and came to the conclusion that' tragedy was born from the spirit of music' can finally be put into practice here. -Musically? Music and tragedy? Greeks and tragic music? Greeks and pessimistic works of art? So far, the most successful, beautiful, enviable and charming person among mankind, the Greeks-what's wrong? " From this preface, we can clearly understand the general context of this book, from the discussion of the birth of tragedy to the interpretation of the role of Greeks. In the process of reading, I found that the most common word in the book is "Apollo, Dionysus". Apollo, the sun god, is god of light. In its glory, everything shows a beautiful appearance and creates an illusion. Dionysus symbolizes the indulgence of lust, which is a crazy state of pain and carnival. I like listening to music very much. Nietzsche thinks that music is a comprehensive embodiment of the spirit of Apollo and Dionysus. This comprehensive emotion Nietzsche thinks is called impulse, that is, ancient Greek art originated from Apollo impulse and Dionysian impulse. Tragedy comes from the combination of the two. But Dionysus is the foundation and foundation of tragedy. When euripides, an ancient Greek tragedy writer, tried to base the tragedy on Apollo, it went to ruin. Studying the history of foreign literature this semester, I just came into contact with three great tragic writers in ancient Greece, Aeschylus, Sophocles and euripides. I think the tragedies of the three great writers here should be the same as Nietzsche's. The former is to integrate tragedy into concrete art and carry it forward, while the latter is to study the origin, essence, function and significance of life. Specifically, Apollo created the plastic arts, and Dionysus' impulse created the music arts. Life is in a painful and miserable state, and Apollo's art covers up this state, making it present a beautiful appearance and enabling people to live. This is how Greek mythology came into being. Dionysian impulse reveals the tragic reality of life, reveals the foundation of Apollo art, and makes individuals return to the world ontology in pain and extinction. Dionysian spirit should be obsessed with the illusion of appearance and oppose the study of ontology, while Dionysian spirit should be to break the illusion of appearance and communicate with ontology. The former covers the tragic face of life with a beautiful veil, while the latter lifts the veil and looks directly at the tragedy of life; The former tells people not to give up the happiness of life, while the latter tells people not to avoid the pain of life; The former is infatuated with the moment, while the latter turns to Wang Yongheng. I think the subtext of Apollo spirit is: even if life is a dream, I will dream with relish and don't lose the fun; The subtext of Dionysian spirit is: Even if life is a tragedy, we should play this tragedy to the fullest, and don't lose the magnificence and joy of the tragedy. In this way, the sun god's "impulse" is to beautify all sufferings, make people escape from reality, and appear numb to all sufferings. On the other hand, people can get their own understanding of suffering, which gives people great psychological relief. Maybe this is not a bad thing. People live in the pain of beautification. They don't have to be too desperate. They get psychological relief and self-confidence, which is not "hopeless". Dionysus's Impulse truly reveals the sufferings of life, which can be said to make the world see the reality clearly and know how to pay for their own sufferings, but on the other hand, it also makes the suffering individuals miserable and unable to find a way out. It seems that both of them are "inescapable", perhaps this is the inevitability of the birth of tragedy. Among them, the artist's explanation of the source of the work is the most thought-provoking. "The artist knows that only when people believe that his works are improvised and miraculously waved will his works have a complete effect." Therefore, he ingeniously encouraged this illusion, and introduced the factors such as the enthusiasm and anxiety at the beginning of creation, the confusion of blind grasp and the dream of listening carefully into art as a means of deception, so that the viewer or listener fell into a certain state of mind and believed that this perfect work would pop out at once. "I think artists only have different means, but the starting point is good, and their works should also be affirmed and supported. Reflection on the Birth of Tragedy IV: Reflection on the Birth of Tragedy (965 words) Nietzsche's first book is The Birth of Tragedy, and he put forward the spirit of Apollo and Dionysus. The glory of Apollo made everything look beautiful and created an illusion. Dionysus symbolizes emotional indulgence, and its state is an ecstasy state in which pain and ecstasy are intertwined. We all like listening to music, which is a comprehensive embodiment of the spirit of Apollo and Dionysus. Nietzsche believes that when watching a tragedy, "a kind of metaphysical comfort enables us to temporarily escape from the interference of world changes". Through the destruction of personality, we feel the richness and indestructibility of the world's will to life, thus giving birth to pleasure. The suffering of reality has turned into aesthetic happiness, and the tragedy of life has turned into a comedy of the world, affirming that life, together with its inevitable pain and destruction, plays with pain and obtains aesthetic happiness from the tragedy of life. This is the essence of Dionysian spirit. The spirit of Apollo is obsessed with the illusion of appearance and opposes the pursuit of ontology, while the spirit of Dionysus should break the illusion of appearance and communicate with ontology. The former covers the tragic face of life with a beautiful veil, while the latter lifts the veil and looks directly at the tragedy of life. The former teaches people not to give up the happiness of life, while the latter teaches people not to escape the pain of life. The former is obsessed with the moment, while the latter yearns for eternity. The subtext of Apollo spirit: Even if life is a dream. We should also have this dream with relish. Don't lose the passion and fun of your dreams; The subtext of Dionysian spirit is: Even if life is a tragedy, we should play this tragedy vividly without losing its magnificence and joy. Nietzsche believes that power is the highest goal of the will of life, and life is the contest process of strong and weak power will. This kind of power will is actually a kind of "life will" of Dionysian spirit transformation, and it is a life principle of conquering dissidents and making them a tool for their own survival and development. So he divided people into geniuses and hooligans. Whether a person can hold an aesthetic attitude towards people and affirm or deny life depends on the power of inner life in the final analysis. He also declared that "God is dead", called for breaking idols, destroying stale traditional concepts and advocating the unrestrained Dionysian spirit. When a philosophical system is based on such a concept of power will, his philosophy is distinguished from Schopenhauer's negative and pessimistic philosophy of denying the will to live. Nietzsche's philosophy is a kind of philosophy with positive appearance and even crazy color. The main idea of this book is not simply to discuss tragedy in theory, but to discuss the relationship between tragedy and life from the perspective of life philosophy, advocate an aesthetic attitude towards life and establish a tragic outlook on life. This book discusses the origin and development of ancient Greek art, the birth of tragedy, its main characteristics and its demise from section 1 to section 15 in section ***25. The main contents from section 16 to section 25 are: combining the development of modern literature, art and culture, especially the reality of modern art and society in Germany, discussing the relationship between tragedy and music art forms, the regeneration of tragedy, and the role played by the German nation in the regeneration of tragedy. turn