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Hua tuo's medical ethics of saving lives.
original text

Hua tuo is a scholar, a square scholar and a scholar. Pei Xiang, Chen Gui, Qiu and Huang Wan all refused. When people know the cultivation of nature, they think they are 100 years old and have a strong appearance. It is also a refined prescription, which can cure diseases, but there are only a few kinds of soup. The heart is divided into different doses and will not be weighed. Drink it when it's cooked, saying it's economical, discarded and cured.

If moxibustion is used, there will be one or two places, and each place will be seven or eight strong, and the disease will be removed. If you are a needle, it's only one or two places. If you were a needle, you would say, "When you lead a promise, if you arrive, you will talk to people." If the patient says "it's time", he has to pull out the needle and his condition will get worse. If the disease accumulates, neither acupuncture nor medicine can reach it. Drink it when it is necessary to cut it, and you will be as drunk as death without knowing it for a moment.

If the disease is in the intestine, break it and wash it, and wipe the abdomen with ointment. It takes four or five days, and it doesn't hurt, and people won't slap themselves. In January, they will calm down. Therefore, Mrs. Gan Lingxiang was pregnant for six months and had abdominal pain and discomfort. She felt her pulse and said, "The fetus is dead." Let people know where it is. It's a man on the left and a woman on the right. The parrot is "on the left", so it is soup, and the fruit is male, that is, the more.

Yin Shi, a county magistrate, has four major troubles: he is thirsty, doesn't like to hear people talk, and urinates badly. Hey: "try to cook hot dishes, the more you sweat;" Don't worry, you will die within three days. " Even if you don't sweat when cooking hot dishes, you will say, "The hidden qi has disappeared, and you should cry to death." Come as promised. Officials in the government searched and Li Yan stopped them, all of which were headaches and brain fever, and the suffering was similar.

Hehe: "Look for it now, and you will sweat." It may be difficult to make a difference, saying, "Seeking external reality and delaying internal reality should be treated differently." In other words, every medicine has Mingdan and Shengdan. The salt blasphemer waited for him with several people. When he arrived, he said to Xin, "How are you?" Xin Dao: "Peace of mind." He said, "You are in a hurry. Don't drink too much."

After returning home, a few miles later, Xin died in the middle of the night. Therefore, Du You made a sacrifice and said that he was ill, so he looked at his pulse and said, "If you are still weak, you will die if you don't come back." When you die, spit out a few inches of your tongue. "His wife heard that he was ill, and came from more than one hundred miles away to save him. She didn't stay any longer and handed him over. She became ill in three days, just as she said.

Du Yi fell ill and went to the province. Yi said, "Yesterday I asked Dr. Liu to rent a needle and a stomach tube. He had a bad cough and wanted to lie down." He said, "If you can't stab the stomach tube, you will miss the liver. Eat less that day and don't save it for five days. " This is like a slogan. Chen Shushan, a boy from Dongyang, was ill when he was two years old. He often cries first at the next profit and falls asleep every day.

When asked, she said, "Her mother is pregnant with her body, the yang is raised in it, the milk is cold, and the child is cold by her mother, so she will recover from time to time." Tuo and Siwu Queen Pills will be eliminated in 10 days. Pengcheng couples go to the toilet at night, stinging their hands and moaning hooligans. When the warm soup is close to the heat, the pawn can be sleepy, but the number of people next to it is Yi Tang, and the soup is warm, and Dan will recover.

Mei Ping, a military official, fell ill and went home after being removed from the list. He lived in Guangling, but he didn't reach 200 miles, so he left his family. For a while. When I arrived at Master Xu, he told me to look at Ping. Ping said, "You saw me earlier, but you didn't come. Now that I am well, I can see my family when I catch up, and I will die in five days. " If you are engraved, return at the right time.

Walking in the street, I saw a man, choking with illness, addicted to food and unable to get down. His family wants to drive to see a doctor. Hearing his moan, he stopped to look at him. He said, "There is a cake seller along the road. The garlic is too big. Take three liters to drink, and go if you are sick. " That is to say, as the saying goes, I threw up a snake and hung it by the car, trying to make it.

Before he could return it, the little boy saw the joke in front of him and said to himself, "It seems that I was on a business trip and threw up by the car." After the patient sat down, he saw about a dozen snakes hanging on the wall in Tuobei. Another county magistrate was ill, but he thought he was more angry, but he was more influenced by other goods and didn't treat him, so he had no choice but to leave a book to scold him for his great anger and let people kill him. The county magistrate knows, and there is no need to chase. It was hard to keep the spine, and I vomited several liters of black blood.

Another scholar-bureaucrat was unhappy. He said, "You are very ill, so you have to break your stomach. However, JUNSHOU is only ten years old. He can't kill you because he is sick. When he was ten years old, he was going to die, so he split up. " Scholar-officials can't stand pain, so they must get rid of it. So I laid hands on him, looking for a poor student and died ten years later. Chen Deng, the magistrate of Guangling, was ill, flushed and didn't eat.

Pulse said, "Fu Jun has several liters of worms in his belly. He wants to become gangrene, so he eats fishy things." Is to make two liters of soup, take one liter first, and be sure to do your best. After eating for a while, I vomited three liters of worms, my head moved, and I was covered with raw fish. The more I ate, the worse I felt. He said, "The disease will break out in the last three stages, and it will be saved if you meet a good doctor." If you start by date, you will die if you are absent.

Hearing this, Mao screamed and stayed with him all the time. Every time Mao gets wind, he is confused and dizzy. It is a needle, but it is very convenient. General Li's wife is very ill. Take her pulse. Yue: "I'm pregnant and I can't go." The general said: "I heard that I was pregnant and injured, and the fetus was gone." Hehe: "Case pulse, the fetus has not gone." The general doesn't think so. Give it up, girl. Almost.

After more than 100 days, I snored like thunder. Hey: "This pulse story has a fetus. I should have given birth to two children before, one came out first and lost a lot of blood, and the other died. Mother is unconscious, and she can't be born without being slapped. If the fetus dies and the blood vessels don't return, it will dry the mother's spine, so it will make the spine ache. Now it's time for an injection with soup, and this stillbirth will come out. "

When the soup needle is added, the woman is in pain, as if she were going to have a baby. He said: "This stillbirth has withered for a long time and can't come out by itself. Someone should explore it. " Guoguo is a dead man with complete limbs and black color, which is a foot long. Stunt skills, all the same. However, as a scholar, I often regret linking my career with medicine. After Mao's personal care, he was seriously ill and let him watch it exclusively.

He said, "It's hard to help in the near future. If we keep attacking and treating things, we can extend the years. " He was homesick for a long time because he said, "I want to return my ears for a while." At home, I resigned myself to my wife's illness and calculated the begging period. Mao hated books and sent them to the county. His parents can be anorexia, but they still don't go on the road. Mao was furious and made people check; If the wife is sick, give adzuki bean 40 welcome and take a day off; If it is fraud, accept and send it.

So he sent it to Xu prison to try on the first suit. Yu Xun asked: "Skills are practical, and people's lives are at a critical juncture, so they should be included." Mao said, "Don't worry, when there is no such mouse in the world?" Then I failed the exam. When he died, he wrote a book to the prison guard, saying, "This can be a living person." Officials are afraid of the law, not strong, so please fire. After his death, Mao's hair style has not been eliminated.

Mao said, "You can recover from this. Little people have raised my illness, so I should respect myself. However, I will not kill this son, nor will I break this original ear for me. " Later, when his beloved son Cang Shu was sick and sleepy, Mao sighed, "I regret killing Hua Tuo, which caused this son to die." At the beginning, the military commander Li Cheng coughed badly, stayed up all night, and sometimes vomited pus and blood for questioning. He said, "You have a carbuncle, but what you spit in the hole is not in your lungs.

I'll share two dollars with you, and when you vomit more than two liters of pus, you can support yourself quickly. You can start from January, love yourself and be healthy for one year. At the age of eighteen, when you are a child, you can eat this powder and get bad. If you can't take this medicine, you will die. "After the second money is scattered, it is used as medicine.

At the age of five or six, if a pro-China person succeeds in getting sick, he will say, "Your Majesty is strong now, and I want to die. Why can't I bear to rush to take medicine and wait for misfortune? " Lend me money first, but I'm poor, so I can get more money from Huatuo to Daqing. "Go in. I came late, so I was in a hurry to get it. At the age of eighteen, he fell ill, had no medicine, and died.

Fan A of Guangling and Pengcheng both learned from school. Puyi is accurate and helpful. As the saying goes, "the human body should do work, but it should not be extreme." Shake it, the valley gas will disappear, the blood will circulate, and the disease will not be born. For example, it is immortal. It is guided by ancient immortals, who care about the bear's neck, hold the waist and move the joints in order to grow old.

I have a skill, five birds play: one is a tiger, the other is a deer, the third is a bear, the fourth is an ape and the fifth is a bird. It is also used to eliminate diseases and sharpen hoofs and feet as a guide. When I was unhappy, I began to play the role of a bird, sweating profusely. Because of being powdered, my body is light and I want to eat it. "Popularization, more than ninety years old, smart eyes and ears, strong teeth. Ashan acupuncture.

Every doctor should not make the mistake of storing needles on his back and chest. There are only four points in the needle, but one needle goes in one or two inches, and the giant sparrow chest stores needles down five or six inches, and all diseases are cured. A Cong asked who could benefit from food and painted him a green sticker. One liter of lacquer leaf crumbs, 14 taels of green sticky crumbs, as the rate, will kill three worms for a long time, benefit five treasures, and lighten the body, so that the head is not white.

A listened to him and lived for more than a hundred years. Lacquer leaves are everywhere, and green sticky leaves are born in Feng, Pei, Pengcheng and Chaogeyun.

Translation:

Hua Tuo, a native of Qiao County, is also known as Fu. I left my hometown to study in Xuzhou and familiarized myself with several Confucian classics (such as Poetry, Book, Book of Changes and Spring and Autumn Annals). Guo Pei Prime Minister Chen Gui recommended him as Lian Xiao, and Qiu Huang Wan recruited talents, but (he) did not take office.

Hua tuo knows how to keep in good health. At that time, people thought he was over 100 years old, but he still looked like a young man. He is also proficient in medical prescriptions and drugs. When he was treating a disease, he only used several kinds of medicines to make a soup. He knows the weight and proportion of those drugs in his heart, so there is no need to weigh them again. After the medicine is cooked, let the patient take it and inform the contraindications and precautions. After the dregs were poured out, the disease recovered.

If moxibustion is needed, there will be one or two acupoints, and each acupoint will have seven or eight moxa sticks. You should use your hands to eliminate the pain. If you need acupuncture, you don't have to prick one or two points. You put the needle down and say, "(acupuncture induction) should extend somewhere." Let me know if it arrives. " The patient said "here" and took the needle, and the pain soon recovered.

If the patient's body is stagnant, the efficacy of acupuncture and drugs will not play a role. If it is necessary to cut it, he will drink the "Ma Fei San" he prepared. He will be drunk to death after a while, so he will take out the product after the operation.

If the patient is in the intestine, remove the diseased part of the intestine, clean the wound and infected part, suture the wound and apply ointment. After four or five days, the patient recovered and no longer felt pain. Within a month, the wound will heal and recover.

Gan Ling (in the name of a vassal) was pregnant for six months with abdominal pain. Hua tuo felt his pulse and said, "The fetus is dead." Send someone to touch it and you will know where it is. There is a baby boy on the left and a baby girl on the right. People said "it's on the left", so they decocted it with water and let it miscarry. Sure enough, it gave birth to a baby boy's shape and soon recovered.

Yin Shi, the county magistrate, had fever in his hands and feet and was thirsty. He didn't want to hear the sound, so he couldn't urinate. Hua Tuo said: "Eat while it is hot, and it will be fine if you sweat;" If you don't sweat, you will die within three days. "Cook hot food immediately without sweating, Hua Tuo said:" The vitality of the five internal organs has been cut off in the body, and you will die after crying. "As Hua Tuo said.

Ni Xun and Li Yan, officials of the county government, came at the same time. Both of them had a headache and fever, and the symptoms of illness were exactly the same. Hua Tuo said: "Ni Xun wants to pull out his anger (through urine), and Li Yan wants to sweat it out." Some people question these two different approaches.

Hua Tuo replied: "Ni Xun is a disease of external fixation and Li Yan is a disease of internal fixation, so the treatment for them should be different." I immediately gave the medicine separately and got up together the next morning (that is, both of them recovered from illness and moved freely).

(Place name, Guangling County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, now northwest of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province) and several people just arrived and said to Xin, "How are you (feeling) inside?" Yan Xin said, "I feel as usual." Hua Tuo said, "You are in a hurry. Don't drink too much."

After sitting back for a few miles, Yan Xin suddenly got dizzy and fell off the car. People helped him back, went home by car, and died in the middle of the night.

The original Du You (official name, magistrate of the Han Dynasty, responsible for supervising and correcting the illegal acts in the counties under his jurisdiction) got well, went to Huatuo (there) to check his pulse and said, "You are still weak, but you have not recovered. Don't do anything that makes people very tired. You will die immediately after having sex with a woman. He will spit out his tongue for several inches when he dies. "

His wife heard that his illness was not only to see him from a hundred miles away, to stay and have sex, but also to get sick every three days, just like Hua Tuo said. Du was ill, and Hua Tuo went to see him. Xu Yi said to Hua Tuo, "Yesterday, Liu Zu, a small official in charge of medical treatment in the imperial court, coughed and wanted to lie down and rest."

Hua Tuo said, "Acupuncture leaks the stomach and the liver. The food intake should be decreasing day by day, and it will be hopeless after five days. " Then, as Hua Tuo said. Chen Shushan's youngest son in Dongyang is two years old. When he is ill, he always cries for a while when urinating, getting thinner and tired every day.

When asked about Hua Tuo, Hua Tuo said: "His mother was pregnant, and the Yang born in her body failed to reach the body surface, resulting in qi deficiency and cold milk, and her son got cold from her mother and could not recover in time." Hua Tuo gave him Siwu Nv Pill (pill name), and it will be fine in ten days.

A lady in Pengcheng went to the toilet at night, and a scorpion stung her hand, groaning and barking. Hua tuo asked his family to boil it in warm water, then dipped his wife's hand in it and finally fell asleep, but the people next to him repeatedly changed her hot water, which should be kept warm, and was cured the next morning.

Mei Ping, a small official in the army, went home sick after registering. His family lives in Guangling (county name) and lives in a relative's house less than 200 miles away. After a while, Hua tuo came to his master Xu's house by accident. The master asked Hua Tuo to see Mei Ping. Hua Tuo said to Mei Ping, "You don't have to meet me earlier.

Now that I'm ill, I'll go back to my family and die five days later. "Go back on time, as Hua Tuo said. Hua tuo was walking on the road when he saw a man with a blocked throat. He wants to eat but can't eat. His family drove him to see a doctor.

When Hua Tuo heard the patient groan, the horses and chariots stopped to see the doctor and told them, "There was a cake seller on the roadside where I came just now, with garlic paste and vinegar. Buy three liters from the shopkeeper to eat, and the disease will naturally be fine. " They did as Hua Tuo said at once. After eating it, the patient immediately spits out a snake (here refers to a parasite), hangs the worm by the car and wants to go to Huatuo's house (thank humbly).

Before Hua Tuo went home, his two children were playing at the door and saw them face to face. The children told each other, "It's like meeting our father, and the' patient number' hanging next to the car is proof." The patient came into the room and sat down. He saw about 12 specimens of this parasite hanging on the north wall of Huatuo's house.

There is a county magistrate who is ill. Hua tuo thought that this man would be very angry, so he accepted his gift many times and did not see a doctor. It didn't take long to abandon him and leave letters insulting him. The county magistrate was really furious and ordered people to kill Hua Tuo. The son of the county magistrate knew the situation and told the messenger not to chase it. The chief became even more furious, vomited a few liters of black blood and recovered.

Another scholar-bureaucrat was not feeling well. Hua Tuo said, "You are very ill. You have to have a laparotomy to get sick. However, your life span is only ten years. Disease won't kill you. If you endure illness for ten years, your life will come to an end. It's not worth your special operation. " Scholar-officials are in pain and itching, which must be removed. Hua tuo immediately laid hands on him, recovered quickly and finally died ten years later.

Chen Deng, the magistrate of Guangling County, was ill. He was upset and depressed, his face was red, and he didn't want to eat. Hua tuo felt his pulse and said, "There are several liters of worms in your stomach, which will form a swollen and hard sore in your abdomen, which is caused by eating raw fish and raw meat."

I immediately made two liters of medicinal soup, drank one liter first, and then drank all the medicine. After dinner, I vomited about three liters of worms, and the crimson head of the worms moved, and half of my body was still raw fish (finely cut fish), and the pain was gone. Hua Tuo said: "The disease should recur after three years, and it can only be saved if you meet a good doctor."

According to the expected time, the old disease broke out and Hua Tuo was not there. As Hua Tuo predicted, Chen Deng finally died. Hearing this, Cao Cao summoned Hua Tuo, who had been with him. Cao Cao has a headache. Whenever he has an attack, he is upset and his eyes are dizzy. As long as Hua Tuo pricked Shu Ge's acupoints, he should treat them with his hands.

General Li's wife was very ill, so she asked Hua Tuo to feel her pulse and said, "The fetus is injured and can't be taken out." The general said, "I heard that the fetus was really injured and it has been taken out." Hua Tuo said, "Pulse is cut, but the fetus is not removed." The general doesn't think so. With Hua Tuo gone, women are a little better. After more than a hundred days, she became ill again, and then her name was Hua Tuo.

Hua Tuo said: "This pulse is pregnant (according to precedent). Two babies should have been born before, one was removed first, and there was too much blood, so the baby behind was not born in time. Mom didn't feel it herself, and the people next to her didn't understand it. No more deliveries, so no more deliveries. The fetus died and the blood vessels could not be restored, so it had to be stuck on his mother's back, which caused great back pain.

Now I'm in a place where I'm given decoction and acupuncture, and this stillbirth is born. "After applying potions of acupuncture, the woman was in a hurry. Hua Tuo said, "This stillbirth has been dry for a long time, and it can't get out by itself. Suitable for sending someone out. "Sure enough, I got a dead baby boy with complete hands and feet, black color and about a foot long.

Most of Hua Tuo's excellent medical skills are like this (refer to the above cases). However, as a scholar, he supported himself with medical skills (see: used before verbs in Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, he had the function of referring to himself [the first person]), and he often felt remorse in his heart (according to the feudal society in China, doctors were regarded as "cheap jobs", so Hua Tuo often "regretted himself").

Later, Cao Cao personally handled state affairs and was seriously ill (Benedict: 10), so he asked Hua Tuo to treat him personally. Hua Tuo said: "This disease is almost incurable, and continuous treatment can prolong some lives." Hua tuo has been away from home for a long time and wants to go back and have a look, so he said, "(to cure this disease) I have to get the prescription at home, so I want to go home."

When I got home, I repeatedly asked for an extension of my holiday on the pretext that my wife was ill. Cao Cao repeatedly summoned him by letter, ordering all counties to collect and send him back. Hua tuo thinks he is talented and hates serving people, but he still doesn't go on the road. Cao Cao was very angry and sent someone to check: if his wife was really ill, he would give 40 welcome beans to let him have a holiday and relax; If he cheats, arrest him and bring him back.

So he was deported to Xuchang prison and tortured to confess guilt. Yu Xun pleaded with Cao Cao and said, "Hua Tuo's medical skill is really brilliant, which is related to people's lives and should be tolerated." Cao Cao said, "Don't worry, there won't be such an incompetent mouse?" Finally, Hua Tuo was tortured to death. Before he died, Hua Tuo took out a medical book and gave it to the prison officer, saying, "This book can cure diseases and save lives."

The jailer is afraid of breaking the law and dare not accept it. Hua tuo begged for fire and burned books. After Hua Tuo's death, Cao Cao's brain pain has not been removed. Cao Cao said, "Hua Tuo can cure this disease. This boy deliberately delayed my illness, not Kimben, but wanted to raise his position. If I don't kill this boy, I won't break the root cause for me after all. "

It was not until his beloved son, Cang Shu (Cao Chongzi), was critically ill that Cao Cao sighed and said, "I regret killing Hua Tuo and making this son exhausted."

At the beginning, Li Cheng, a petty officer in the army, coughed, couldn't sleep in the morning and evening, and often vomited blood with pus, so he asked Hua Tuo. Hua Tuo said, "Your disease is gangrene and swelling of the intestine, which is caused by coughing, not from the lungs. If I give you two yuan at the end of the medicine, I should spit out more than two liters of concentrated blood. Finally, I can take care of myself. I can cherish myself from January. I can become healthy in a year.

When there is a small attack in eighteen years, taking this medicine will heal again; If not, if not, you will still die. "Give two dollars at the end of the medicine. Li Cheng got the medicine and walked for five or six years. A patient like Li Cheng said to Cheng, "You are strong now, and I am going to die. Why don't people have crisis medicine waiting for my misfortune? "You lend it to me first, and I'll take it back from Huatuo for you."

Li Cheng gave it to him. Later, I went to Jody specially, just in time for Hua Tuo's arrest, and I couldn't bear to ask Hua Tuo for medicine in a hurry. 18 years later, Li Cheng's illness finally recurred, and there was no medicine to eat, so that he died.

Fan A of Guangling and Pengcheng studied medicine with Hua Tuo. Upp treated patients according to Hua Tuo's medical skills, and many people were cured and saved. Hua Tuo said to Upp: "People's bodies should be exercised, but they should not be tired.

Only exercise can digest nutrients (Gu Qi: a term in Chinese medicine, which refers to the essence of diet [i.e. nutrients]), and the blood circulation is smooth, so that diseases will not occur, just as the rotating shaft of the portal will not rot due to rotation. Therefore, ancient immortals often do exercises such as Qigong, imitating bears hanging branches and harriers turning their heads to look around, stretching their waist and body, and making all joints move to avoid aging.

I have an exercise method called "Five Birds Play". One is called Tiger Play, the other is called Deer Play, the third is called Bear Play, the fourth is called Ape Play, and the fifth is called Bird Play. It can also be used to prevent and treat diseases, make legs and feet light and flexible, and can be used as a guiding technique. If you don't feel well, get up and play a bird game, soak your clothes and sweat, and then apply talcum powder. Your body will feel relaxed and convenient and want to eat. "

Upp exercises in this way. When he was in his nineties, his hearing and eyesight were good, and his teeth were intact and firm. Fan A is proficient in acupuncture therapy. Most doctors say that the needle should not be inserted between the internal organs of the back and chest. Even if the needle is inserted, the depth should not exceed four minutes. However, Fan A's back acupuncture points are as deep as one or two inches, and Juque points in his chest are inserted into five or six inches, and all diseases are cured.

Fan A asked Hua Tuo for something (medicine) that can be taken and is good for human body. Hua Tuo taught him "paint leaves stick powder": one liter of paint leaves, fourteen taels of green sticky powder. According to this ratio, it is said that taking this medicine for a long time can kill three kinds of parasites (roundworm, red worm and pinworm), benefit the five internal organs and make the body light.

Fan A did as he said and lived to be over one hundred years old. Lacquer leaves are everywhere, and it is said that green sticky lacquer grows in Feng, Pei, Pengcheng and other counties.

Extended data

Hua tuo's medical achievements

After decades of medical practice, Hua Tuo has mastered the treatment methods such as health preservation, prescription, acupuncture and surgery. Proficient in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and pediatrics, accurate diagnosis, simple method and rapid curative effect. He is called the "imperial doctor".

From the scope of its treatment, internal diseases include fever, visceral diseases, psychosis, obesity and parasitic diseases, while diseases belonging to surgery, pediatrics and gynecology include trauma, intestinal carbuncle, tumor, fracture, wrong needle, breast avoidance, stillbirth and infantile diarrhea. He invented Mafeisan, which was the first narcotic drug in the world. The records of general anesthesia in Europe and America began at the beginning of18th century, which was later than that of Hua Tuo 1600 years ago.

The History of World Pharmacy points out that the use of anesthetics by Arabs may have been introduced from China, because "Hua Tuo, a famous doctor in China, is the best at this technique". One volume of Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi, Acupuncture in Huatuo Pillow, has been lost.

Hua Tuo's Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion quoted in Yi Xin Fang may be the lost text of the book, while Taiping Shenghui Fang quoted Tang Ming. Judging from the existing lost articles, the names and positioning of acupoints in Huatuo Acupuncture Classic are quite different from those in Huangdi Tangming Classic.

Overview of the three kingdoms

The History of the Three Kingdoms is mainly good at narration, concise writing and proper tailoring, which was well received at that time. Xiahou Zhan, who was writing the Book of Wei with Chen Shou at the same time, saw the History of the Three Kingdoms and thought it unnecessary to write a new history, so he ruined the original work.

Later generations are even more admired, thinking that among some historical books recording the history of the Three Kingdoms, Chen Shou's unique History of the Three Kingdoms can be comparable to Historical Records and Hanshu. Therefore, the chronicles of the Three Kingdoms of other schools have been lost in obscurity one after another, and only the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms has survived to this day.

In this book, Chen Shou shows the author's interest. He said that Cao Cao was a peerless hero, Liu Bei was a hero, Sun Ce and Sun Quan were heroes, Zhou Yu, Zhuge Liang and Lu Su were wizards, Pang Tong, Cheng Yu, Guo Jia and Dong Zhao were wizards, Dong He and Liu Ba were scholars, He Shen and Chang Lin were beauties, Xu Miao and Hu Zhi were celebrities, RoyceWong and Fu Qin were intellectuals, and Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhang Bao were intellectuals.

Baidu Encyclopedia-History of the Three Kingdoms

Baidu encyclopedia-Huatuo