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Zheng Banqiao (1693- 1765), whose real name is Zheng Xie, is Kerou, Lian and Hao. Banqiao, also known as Mr Banqiao, is a native of Xinghua, Jiangsu, and his ancestral home is Suzhou. Kangxi scholar, a juren in the tenth year of Yongzheng, a scholar in the first year of Qianlong (1736). Officials in Fanxian County and Weixian County in Shandong Province have a political voice, "Please ask for help for the 20-year-old hungry people, take care of the big officials, and then beg for illness." Later, he lived in Yangzhou and made a living by selling paintings. As one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", his poems, books and paintings are praised as "three wonders" and he is good at painting Zhu Lan. Secondly, he paints orchids and stones, but he also paints pines and chrysanthemums. He is a representative literati painter in Qing Dynasty.

Character life editor

early stage

In the thirty-second year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1693), Zheng Banqiao was born on165438+1October 22nd.

Zheng Banqiao (73)

The family has declined and life is very tight. At the age of three, Mrs. Wang, her biological mother, died, and at the age of fourteen, she lost her stepmother, Mrs. Zheng. Nurse Fei is a kind, hardworking and simple working woman. She gives meticulous care and meticulous care and becomes the pillar of life and feelings.

Zheng Banqiao was smart and literate when he was three years old. By the age of eight or nine, he had been a literary and art federation under the guidance of his father. When I was young, my father and I went to Maojiaqiao in Zhou Zhen to study. At the age of sixteen, I learned lyrics from my hometown ancestor Mr. Lu Zhongyuan. At the age of twenty, he was admitted as a scholar. Married at 23, Mrs. Xu. It was the autumn of 1998, when Zheng Banqiao went to Beijing for the first time. Yu Shuyunxuan wrote Ode to Autumn Sound in small letters by Ouyang Xiu. At the age of 26, I founded a school to teach in Jiangcun, Zhou Zhen. At the age of thirty, my father died. At this time, Banqiao had two daughters and a son, and life was even more difficult.

Keju Yangzhou

Due to the hardship of life, Zheng Banqiao abandoned the museum and went to Yangzhou to sell paintings for a living after the age of 30, which really helped the poor and was called "Ya". During the ten years of selling paintings in Yangzhou, some tourism activities were also interspersed. Unfortunately, the son born to Mrs. Xu died and wrote a poem to mourn. At the age of 32, I traveled to Jiangxi, where I met Lu Bao, an unscrupulous master and Manchu scholar. Traveling in Beijing, making friends with the children of Zen Zunsu and his family Yulin, speaking freely and hiding from everyone, thus gaining a crazy reputation. During his fame, he married Prince Kangxi and King Yunxi of Shen Jun, the owner of Ziqiong Cliff.

Thirty-five-year-old, a guest from Tongzhou, studied at Tianning Temple in Yangzhou, and wrote four books in calligraphy.

At the age of thirty-seven, he wrote the first draft of Ten Poems of Daoqing. At the age of thirty-nine, Mrs. Xu was ill. During his ten years in Yangzhou, Zheng Banqiao made many painting friends, such as Jin Nong and Huang Shen. These painting friends are closely related to his past and have a great influence on his creative thinking and even his personality.

Middle age life

1732, Zheng Banqiao was forty years old. It was the autumn of 2008. He went to Nanjing to take part in the provincial examination and wrote a poem entitled "The Voice of Winning the South", which won the prize. For further study, I went to Jiao Shan, Zhenjiang to study. At present, there is a woodcut couplet written by Zheng Banqiao in Biefeng Temple, Jiao Shan, which reads "Why is the room elegant and there are not many flowers?" .

1736, the first year of Qianlong, 44 years old. In Beijing, he took the exam of the Ministry of Rites, and in Gong Shi, in May, he took the court exam in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. He is the eighty-eighth Jinshi in China. He was born a scholar, and wrote a poem called "The Stalagmite Map of Okra", saying, "I was also called Jinshi in Zhong Kui, and I was the top scholar in Tangui".

1737, 45 years old, stayed in Beijing for about a year, tried to get a promotion, but failed. He returned to Yangzhou in the south and was sponsored by Cheng of Jiangxi to marry Rao. Nurse faye's minions.

1739, at the age of 47, he wrote Four Lyrics for Yu Jianzeng, the traffic supervisor of Huainan.

1740, aged 48, prefaces Dong's Yangzhou Ci.

174 1 year-old, 49 years old, went to Beijing and was treated with courtesy and sincerity by Wang Yunxi, Shen Jun County.

When Zheng Banqiao was 50 years old, that is, in the spring of 1742, he wrote poems and ci collections for Fanxian, which is also a city facing the county seat.

1743, 5 1 year-old, after several revisions, Ten Taoist Poems were finalized. The sculptor is Shangyuan Stuart Gao Wen. 1744, Rao Sheng. During the slaughter period, we paid attention to farming and mulberry, observed the people's feelings, enriched the people and rested, and the people lived and worked in peace.

1746, Qianlong eleven years, 54 years old, transferred from Fan County to Wei County. It was the great famine in Shandong in 2008, and people ate people. Wei county was originally a prosperous city, but it suffered from natural disasters year after year. Disaster relief has become an important part of Zheng Banqiao's governance of wei county. He opened warehouses to relieve goods, so that people could have vouchers to supply, and built cities, recruiting hungry people from far and near to work, and large families in the city took turns to open factories to cook porridge. We sealed Xiaomi's house and lived in more than 10 thousand people. In autumn, the harvest is not good, donations are cheap, and IOUs are destroyed. The living don't count. The hungry people in Wei county gave food, and Banqiao lamented and fled.

1748, Gao Bin, a university student, and Liu Tongxun, a viceroy, went to Shandong for disaster relief, followed by Banqiao. When autumn was ripe, the disaster situation in wei county gradually slowed down, and the hungry people also went home, and Banqiao embarked on a journey home. In order to prevent the invasion of water, we donated money to advocate the overhaul of Weixian city wall. At the end of autumn, the secretary Wei County.

175 1 year, seawater flooded, and Banqiao went to Yuwangtai in northern wei county to investigate the disaster. The purpose of Zheng Banqiao's being an official is "success will benefit the people", so when he is in power, he can sympathize with civilians and small traders, reform graft, and safeguard their interests from laws and measures. During the Banqiao massacre in Weifang, he was diligent and honest, left no problems behind, and was not unfair to the people, and won the support of the people. There are many wealthy businessmen in wei county, and people are compatible with luxury. Zheng Banqiao admired literature, discovered talents, and left many stories. 1747, Debao, a flag bearer from Huang Zheng, Manzhouli, took the examiner in Shandong, and Banqiao was in the examination room, singing with each other. 1748, Gan Long visited Shandong. As a history of calligraphy and painting, Zheng Banqiao participated in the preparation and arranged everything for the son of heaven to climb Mount Tai. He stayed on Mount Tai for more than 40 days, always proud of it, and carved a seal of "Yungan, Dragon and Cambodia Painting and Calligraphy History".

1749, aged 57, Rao's son died in Xinghua. Visit Guo's garden with Shen Yanfang. Reorganize letters and poems, and write Fu Zi by hand.

Preface of Banqiao written in 1750. In the same year, Wenchang Temple was rebuilt, and the champion bridge was advocated, and the composition was often recorded in the temple.

175 1 year-old, aged 59, made a rare banner painted on the lake.

1752 presided over the repair work of the Town God Temple in Wei County and wrote the inscription of the Town God Temple. In the inscriptions on Wenchang Temple and Chenghuang Temple, Banqiao urged the gentry in Wei County to practice moral integrity, which was quite influential among the people in Wei County. In the same year, he and Wei County Gao He wrote a paper and made a book of seven words and deeds, which simplified the tree and opened a new February flower. "Zheng Banqiao wrote a lot in Wei County, and his" Forty Poems on Bamboo Branches in Wei County "is particularly popular." No one is perfect, and officials have no leisure to read more. In the seventh year of Guan Wei, Banqiao reached a new peak in official management, poetry, calligraphy and painting. "Official management and literary name are very important to the times". Banqiao has been an official for ten years, and his ambition of understanding the darkness of officialdom, making contributions and protecting people's health is difficult to realize, and his intention to return to the field is increasing day by day.

Old age life

1753, Zheng Banqiao was 61 years old. He worked for the welfare of the people and joined the government. When we arrived in Weifang, the people blocked the way, and every family made a portrait to offer sacrifices, and spontaneously set up a shrine for Zheng Banqiao in Weicheng Island Temple. After leaving office, Banqiao made a living by selling paintings, traveled between Yangzhou and Xinghua, and interacted with fellow painters and poets.

1754, Zheng Banqiao visited Hangzhou. After Qiantang, go to Huiji, explore Yu's point, visit Lanting, and go back and forth.

1757, 65 years old, participated in the restoration of Hongqiao hosted by Yu Jianzeng, the traffic Commissioner of Huaibei, got to know Yuan Mei and had poetry exchanges. During this period, Banqiao made many paintings and calligraphy works, which were widely circulated.

1762, when he was seventy years old, he drew a picture of bamboo and stone. In the picture, a huge stone stood tall, and several thin bamboos almost broke the picture. A poem was inscribed in the blank in the upper right corner: "Seventy old people draw bamboo stones, and the stones are straighter and the bamboo is straighter. But I know that this old pen is extraordinary. It stands on a wall thousands of miles away. Guiwei, thank you. " Press the names of both parties. In the lower right margin of the picture frame, the side of "singing and blowing ancient Yangzhou" was put. Zheng Banqiao has been wandering all his life, not bowing to all kinds of evil forces, still as firm as a rock, as strong as bamboo, as noble as an orchid. Poetry is inclined, big or small, or above the peaks, replaced by law; Or bamboo poles, so that the painting is connected into a whole; Or in orchids, flowers are more numerous and leaves are more lush. Although Zheng Xie didn't create the first poem of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, it is rare as the beauty of Zheng Xie, and the beauty lies in the high unity of various arts.

In the 30th year of Qianlong (17665438+1October 22nd), Banqiao died of illness and was buried in Ruanzhuang, Chengguan, xinghua city at the age of 73. Banqiao's two sons died young, and his cousin Zheng Mo's son Chen Tiansi succeeded him to the throne.

Major achievement editor

Art of calligraphy

Good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, known as the world's "three wonders of poetry and calligraphy." Most of his poems sympathize with the sufferings of the people. His calligraphy, which mixed the style of Li He's running script, called himself "six-and-a-half characters" and was called "Banqiao style". Most of his paintings are bluegrass and bamboo stones, and Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy art with bluegrass and bamboo as its soul is unique in the history of China's calligraphy.

Rare Confusion Zheng Xie's Rare Confusion

Judging from his 23-year-old Ode to Autumn Songs by Ouyang Xiu and his 30-year-old Poem of Xiao Zhuan, Banqiao learned books from Ou Yangxun in his early years. Its font is neat and beautiful, but slightly stiff: this is related to the neat and charming pavilion style prevailing in the book world at that time, and it is the standard font for selecting candidates in the imperial examination. In this regard, Zheng Banqiao once said: "The flies stop too evenly, fearing that the book will damage the spirit." After becoming a scholar at the age of 40, I seldom write again. Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy is most praised as "six methods and half a book", that is, "Banqiao style" with "eight-part essay" (a kind of official script) as its unique style.

Zheng Xie Regular Script Vertical Axis 1722 Guangzhou Art Museum

"Six and a half minutes" is a ridiculous title given by Zheng Banqiao for his original calligraphy. There is a kind of "eight-point script" with more strokes in official script, that is, the so-called "six-thirty", which refers to official script in general, but is mixed with other regular scripts such as Kai, Xing, Zhuan and Cao. The Poem Axis of Cao Cao's Running Script (now in Yangzhou Museum) is a masterpiece of "six and a half" style. This poem about Cao Cao's "looking at the sea" has a large format, with an average of more than 10 square centimeter per room. Fonts are quite rich, including seal characters and kai characters. The shape is flat and long, and the house is mainly square, slightly downward. Simple and broad, just like Cao Shixiong's broad style. Zheng Banqiao once praised his calligraphy in a poem "To Pan Tonggang": "I paint clouds by Cao Cao, sweeping the sky. A line of two lines of book characters, Nanxun Beidou rows of stars. "

The composition of Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy works is also very distinctive. He can insert size, length, Fiona Fang, size and density, such as "paving the road with stones", which contains rules in vertical placement. It seems to follow the flow of the pen, but the holistic view produces a sense of rhythm of jumping and agility. For example, it was written in the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong, and he was seventy years old, which was his masterpiece in his later years. Su Dongpo likes to use the Qifeng pen of Xuancheng Zhuge, which is very satisfying to write. Later, when he changed another pen, his palm didn't correspond. Banqiao himself likes to use Taizhou Deng's sheep hair, and it is satisfactory to write it tactfully. So he compared Taizhou Deng's wool to Zhuge Qifeng in Xuancheng, and finally said, "How dare you imitate Dongpo?" Moreover, writing a book with a pen loves fat rather than thin, and it also means slope. "The whole work is characterized by big summary, thick and thin pen, oblique posture, stippling and lifting pressure, which makes it like the joy in the ear, the bird in the air and the fish in the water, expressing strength and spirit with arbitrary rhythm: how can people say that his words are" blue and bamboo, especially interesting "? From the composition, structure and strokes of this crystal, we can't see his "quaint and graceful" Zhu Lan Lou God.

Zheng Banqiao's unique calligraphy style has been praised and criticized by some people. In the Qing Dynasty, Yuan Mei once said: "Banqiao calligraphy is wild and lonely ... It is not enough to crawl snakes and reptiles ..." Kang Youwei also said: "In the long years, I have been tired of the old learning. Dong Xin (Jin Nong) and Banqiao used official books, and it is strange that they were lost. Those who want to change but don't know how. . Today, people are talking about it They think that Banqiao's calligraphy is "rigorous and rigorous, with dignified brushwork, but natural brushwork and unpretentious stippling" and "seemingly handy everywhere, but fluent brushwork has statutes everywhere", which is far better than the "tired arrogance" of the famous calligrapher Liu Yong and the "muddy head" of Weng Fanggang in Qianlong. Zhu Xiaoren occupied the boss bridge two hundred years ago. "

The "Banqiao Style" more than 200 years ago can still arouse the passion and controversy of calligraphers, which shows the value of Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy. [2]

The running script of Tang Duoling poet Zheng Xie is collected in Shanghai Museum.

Painter's style

In feudal society, scholar-officials thought they were lofty, loyal and open-minded, and often expressed their thoughts with paintings and poems. However, due to historical and social factors, these literati suffered setbacks in life and society.

Zheng Banqiao's Painting and Calligraphy Works (40 pieces)

Men often take the attitude of escaping from life and reality, hiding in the mountains and leaving their feelings in the natural hills and valleys. Most of their works focus on leisure and self-entertainment. Even poems with feelings are general and have their limitations.

However, among the Eight Eccentric Poets in Yangzhou in Qing Dynasty, Zheng Banqiao's poems on paintings are different. He got rid of the traditional mode of painting with poetry or painting with poetry. Every painting he draws must take poetry as the theme, and the theme must be good, so as to achieve "picturesque image" and "the meaning of poetry attacking painting" Poetry and painting infinitely embody and expand the breadth of the picture. Zheng Banqiao's poems on paintings pay attention to real life and have profound ideological content. He thinks so.

Zheng Banqiao was born in a scholarly family, a scholar in the last years of Kangxi, a juren in the tenth year of Yongzheng, and a scholar in the first year of Qianlong. At the age of fifty, he served as the magistrate of Fan County and Wei County in Shandong Province for twelve years. The idea of "benefiting the people with ambition" led him to take measures such as "opening warehouses to help the people, famine year after year" and "donating base without losing money", which aroused the dissatisfaction of corrupt officials and evil gentry and was relegated. After that, he made a living by selling paintings. Zheng Banqiao's life has experienced ups and downs, and he has seen through the coldness of the world. He dared to incorporate all this into his works. By analyzing Zheng Banqiao's poems about Zhu Lan in different periods, we can think of Zheng Banqiao's life experience and all kinds of corruption in Qing society through limited frame images, so that one picture is like a literary work and a movie, telling a lot. ...

When he was the magistrate of wei county, Shandong Province, he painted "Bamboo Painting in wei county Department for a Year", in which there was a poem: "Ya Zhai lies and listens to little, but doubt is the voice of the people's sufferings. Some small officials in Caozhou County always care about their feelings. "The bamboo in this painting is no longer a' representation' of natural bamboo, and this poem is no longer a poem without feelings. Through painting and poetry, people think of Banqiao's character. As a magistrate of a county, remembering people's sufferings and diseases from the rustling bamboo sound in the cottage shows that he has people in his heart and his emotional chain is tied to them. At this time, the image of bamboo leaves in the painting has expanded, and the scene of Zheng Banqiao opening a warehouse to help the victims has emerged in people's minds. The "frozen moment" has become an infinite story in the audience's mind, like an infectious novel or movie, which is gripping and thought-provoking. A few strokes of bamboo leaves and a few concise poems make people feel the profound thoughts and affection contained in the works. There are also some photos of Zheng Banqiao leaving wei county after he was demoted, three donkeys, a car full of books, and remain uncorrupted, walking before and after. There is a bamboo painting that says: "If you lose a black veil, you will not be an official, but your pocket is cold. Write a thin bamboo and get a bamboo fishing rod in the autumn wind. "With bamboo, you can express his peace of mind of abandoning officials for the people, being indifferent to fame and fortune and enjoying life. The other is ". On the picture, three or two thin bamboos stand upright from the cracks in the stone and are tenacious and unyielding in the wind. Zheng Banqiao expressed his free and easy mind through bamboo, and his character of bravely facing the reality and never giving in to setbacks. Bamboo is personified. At this time, "poetry is an invisible painting, and painting is a visible poem." Similarly, the title of "Zhu Mo Map" also says: "The official returnees are in the temple, and the bamboo pavilion lies high in the spring breeze. Now planting Yangzhou bamboo, Jiangnan is still green. " Another bamboo picture reads: "trapped by a micro-official, I feel refreshed when I grow up in the imperial garden, and the fragrance is rustling bamboo, and the inner class is dust." These ink drawings all express his feelings of "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" after he was demoted. At this point, we can see that most of Zheng Banqiao's bamboo paintings and poems on paintings are based on his feelings for bamboo, expressing the feelings of "listening to the rustling of bamboo in Yazhai, suspecting that it is the voice of people's suffering", showing the tenacity of "taking root in rocks and letting things wind" and expressing the integrity and spirit of "writing a thin bamboo and throwing it away without being an official". This is where Zheng Banqiao's works are different from traditional flower-and-bird paintings and their predecessors. Most traditional Zhu Lan is a subject of appreciation and entertainment. The picture mainly pursues the truth and beauty of natural images, the level of painting skills, and the ingenuity and elegance of pen and ink. In Zheng Banqiao's works, in addition to achieving these skills and techniques, the poems on paintings have also given this theme new ideological content and profound artistic conception, which makes the flower-and-bird paintings ideological and lyrical, giving people a profound feeling, which will make people have endless aftertaste and myriad thoughts.

Zheng Banqiao's bamboo paintings are unique, and so are his stone paintings. No matter how ruthless nature is, the stones in his works are alive, such as the stone in The Story of the Stone, which is also a common theme in previous paintings, but it is rarely shown as the main image. But Zheng Banqiao painted an isolated peak stone in the middle of the painting, but it has the spirit of soaring into the sky, and there is no background around it. Draw four seven-character poems: "Who is lonely and lonely, a pillar of heaven, straight, Tao Liangyuan, five fights break my waist." Poetry debunks the topic of painting, and combines stones and characters at once, which can be described as "painting is insufficient and the topic is more than enough, painting is silent and poetry is vocal." Poetry and painting serve each other and open countless ways for future generations. "Zheng Banqiao praised Tao Yuanming with a firm stone. Banqiao praised his upright character and noble character, but at the same time he seemed to reveal his own experience and tolerance. The stone in the painting represents the image of the characters, and contains the characteristics of integrity and momentum, which makes people feel that painting stones here is more meaningful and can reveal profound meanings than painting people.

There are many orchids-themed paintings in Zheng Banqiao, and they also show some new contents, which are expressed by poems with themes, implying views on various things. For example, some people borrow the characteristics of orchids, showing that winning or losing is neither arrogant nor impetuous, and holding a normal mentality. The poem said: "Orchids are related to bamboo books, always between green mountains and green waters. Frost and snow do not fade, spring is unknown, and people laugh red and purple." Orchids are accompanied by people, and people should be as quiet, lasting and fragrant as orchids, neither floating nor impetuous, nor striving for beauty. Paintings that are close at hand have unlimited development and far-reaching artistic conception. Another example is: some borrow a clump of orchids with some thorns in the middle to express the magnanimity of a gentleman who can tolerate villains. The poem "Stone Map of Thorns and Orchids" says: "Don't let thorns turn into orchids. Outsiders look at it coldly, and when they see the mixed fish and dragons, they know that Buddhism is vast and long. " Another picture, "The Bluethorn Stone Map", said, "All pictures are gentlemen, and then what happens when you stab?" ? Mr. Gai can tolerate villains, and without villains, he can't be a gentleman. Therefore, orchids among thorns make flowers flourish. "Banqiao is unique. A few piercings are inserted between orchids, and the orchid thorns are painted * * *, which expresses the magnanimous mind that" only when you meet a villain can you become a hero ",and the readers of the painting also benefit a lot. The more I read, the more I feel that simple plants have far-reaching artistic conception and endless fun. Looking at the Lanzhushi painted by Zheng Banqiao, we can easily see the reason why he likes to paint Lanzhushi. As he said, "Orchids that never fade in the four seasons, bamboos that last forever, invincible stones, unchanging people" and "are also for the sake of four beauties". There are orchids, bamboos, stones, knots, incense and bones. In his eyes, the blue bamboo stone can represent people's loyalty, selflessness, perseverance, bright heart and noble character, so every word of his poems has far-reaching artistic conception.

Lanzhutu

The poems inscribed in his works are not only ideological and lyrical in content, but also artistic and interesting in form. Painting and poetry can fully reflect the artistic interest of "painting and calligraphy are of the same origin" and "painting method is the same", while the traditional painter's inscription and postscript mostly focuses on the blank space of painting and plays a balance role with the picture. However, the inscription and postscript of "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou" has been divorced from the inscription and postscript of traditional Chinese painting and literati painting, especially the combination of Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy and painting. For example, in "Shi Lan Map", Zheng Banqiao skillfully combined poetry with calligraphy and authentic Cao Li seal, and the size was strewn at random, just like "paving the road with stones" on a stone wall, which replaced the method of painting stones, resulting in the beauty of rhythm and rhythm, which just showed the three-dimensional sense and texture beauty of stones in the field, which was better than the method of painting stones alone. This has become an indispensable expression method, which not only profoundly reveals the characteristics of orchids, but also implies the artistic beauty of noble character, which has the artistic beauty of calligraphy instead of calligraphy. People can not only appreciate the artistic beauty of painting and poetry, but also appreciate the formal beauty of calligraphy art and immerse themselves in poetry. In addition, in many of Lan Zhushi's paintings, his poems are diverse, unconventional and eclectic, which naturally becomes interesting, makes a good book fit the line, and adds a lot of color to the paintings. The so-called decent style is to conceive according to the actual picture and pay attention to the formal beauty of composition. Therefore, he will write poems on the side, up and down, vertically and horizontally, or between orchids and vines, and observe its shape intermittently, uneven and dense. It is a book, a title, a painting, a poem, a poem and a painting. Appreciating the poems inscribed in each painting is not only a wonderful reproduction of calligraphy, but also a comprehensive art that makes calligraphy and painting set each other off. The book title and the picture are organically integrated, which constitutes a unified poetry and gives people a comprehensive and perfect artistic enjoyment. Therefore, the world admires them as the best creators of poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing.

To sum up, Zheng Banqiao's works have broken through the barriers of traditional flower-and-bird painting. His works are not the "reappearance" of natural scenery, the imitation of predecessors' art, nor the pen-and-ink game far away from life, but have unique personality and innovative spirit. Therefore, its works were welcomed by people at home and abroad as soon as they came out. It is not difficult to find that people's aesthetic standards like works with individuality, artistic conception, innovation and appeal, which enlightens us that only works with individuality and innovation can have unlimited vitality.

Zhu Hua

It is said that painting bamboo is better than seeing sunshine and moon shadow on the paper window powder wall. I once wrote: "My bamboo is refined and elegant, with lines in calligraphy, lines in bamboo, shades in calligraphy, shades in bamboo, density in calligraphy and density in bamboo." He is good at writing bamboo, and even wrote the poem "Between Bamboo and Stone", expressing his aloof feelings with the "between nothing and many knots" of bamboo.

Gongkaili

He combined Cao Li's four styles of seal script with Zhu Lan's brushwork, calling himself "six and a half books", with different sizes and uneven strokes. He used Huang Gu's brushwork to enhance the momentum of painting, and described the changes of his calligraphy and the basis of his argument with "littering all over the street and throwing waves into poles".

Good at drawing blue bamboo stones

He is handsome in appearance and pungent in style, claiming to be "a blue flower that never fades in four seasons, a bamboo that never leaves a knot, a stone that never falls down, and a person that never changes." Jiang Shiquan's Poems on Painting Orchids said: "Banqiao is painted like a orchid, elegant and graceful, Banqiao is written like a orchid, and beautiful leaves are numerous and graceful." In this passage, the relationship between "book" and "painting" in his works is really incisive.

Characteristics of painting and calligraphy

Original freehand brushwork, interesting. He claimed that he should have "true spirit, true interest and true meaning"

Character evaluation editor

Banqiao San Jue

"Three unique poems and paintings, one official returns." Is the most accurate tribute to his life. Traditional couplets of scholarly family often have such a title: "Family heirlooms are honest, but they are frank and sincere in dealing with people." Is the best portrayal of Zheng Banqiao.

Character anecdote editor

Be famous for being strange

Zheng Banqiao's "strangeness" is rather like a living Buddha. There are always sincere, humorous and sour things in Strange. Whenever he sees corrupt officials and traitors parading in the street, he draws a piece of Meilan bamboo stone and hangs it on the prisoner as a screen to attract the audience and awaken the people.

Have a bad reputation.

He returned to Yangzhou to sell calligraphy and painting, and the value was very different from before. There are many people who ask for it, and his income is also considerable. But he hates those upstarts who are attached to elegance, just like some fat salt merchants in Yangzhou, who don't care about high prices. Write immediately if you are happy, and curse if you are unhappy. His eccentric temper is difficult for ordinary people to understand. Once when painting for a friend, he specially wrote an inscription and made a frank confession:

"Drawing all day, without rest, will call names. I haven't written for three days, and it's also my shame to think of a piece of paper to relieve boredom. If you ask me to draw, if you don't draw, if you don't ask me to draw, it is painting, which is extremely inseparable. I understand the people here, but listen with a smile. "

Personal example

Writing and painting, haggling over the remuneration, is vulgar. However, Banqiao didn't hide anything, and clearly set a ridiculous strange example: six taels for a big scale, four taels for a medium scale, one tael for a book and five dollars for a fan.

"Six two, four two in the middle, one or two couplets for books, and five dollars for fans. Giving gifts and food is better than giving money. Gaigong's place in Shaanxi is not necessarily my brother's place. If you send cash, the center will like taxes, and calligraphy and painting are also good. Since gifts are entangled, credit is particularly afraid of default. Old and tired, you can't say useless things to a gentleman.

"Draw bamboo and buy more bamboo money. The paper is six feet high and costs three thousand. Renqu talks about the old theory, only when the spring breeze is over. " Obviously it is vulgar, but out of Banqiao, it turns out that its vulgarity is particularly lovely, precisely because of his sincerity.

Haochi dog meat

Dog meat (one black, two yellow, three flowers and four white) is known as "the treasure of the world".

Banqiao decided to embellish it, stipulating that anyone who wants him to paint and write must pay a deposit first, which is quite interesting. At that time, many rich and powerful gentry decorated halls and were often proud of getting Banqiao paintings and calligraphy. However, Banqiao did not crave fame and wealth, and was not afraid of power. He was the last person in his life to paint for those bureaucratic evil gentry, so it was inconvenient to declare in his old man's favor. Once, a group of gentry used tricks and set a trap to get their paintings and calligraphy. They learned that Banqiao loved dog meat, and on the way he and his friends went out to make friends, they borrowed the villagers' hut and cooked a pot of delicious dog meat until Banqiao passed by. The host "smiled and treated each other with dog meat and wine." Banqiao had no doubts, drank heartily, and even praised wine and food. After dinner, the host set out Four Treasures of the Study and asked the adults to leave a couplet as a souvenir. Banqiao deeply felt that he had a delicious meal today, and immediately agreed, got up and wrote, and asked the owner's name to pay the money in return for his kindness. Read this book and enjoy it. Later, at a banquet, he accidentally found his calligraphy and painting hanging there, only to know that he had been cheated, and he regretted it very much and was insatiable.

Study hard.

It is said that Zheng Banqiao studied very hard in his early years. He could write a lot of fonts, but

Zhenbanqiao

Lack of final sleep. Once, he scratched his wife's back to find out the strokes and structure of the words. The wife said impatiently, "You have your body and I have mine. What do you always draw on others? " This unintentional pun made Banqiao suddenly realize that you can't always "follow the rules" in other people's constitutions. Only on the basis of personal feelings can you find another way. So he scored eight points with Huang Tingjian's long shot and exaggerated his swing. "Shake the waves and stay in the festival", the word is slightly flat, the left is low and the right is high, and the posture is picturesque. He also entered the book with the pen that painted Zhu Lan, seeking the painting significance of calligraphy. Jiang Shiquan, a Qing Dynasty man, said that he was "elegant in writing and elegant in waves", which vividly expressed the characteristics of "Banqiao style".

Wish a happy marriage.

Zheng Banqiao's literary talent is unparalleled. It's a pity that he was poor in his early years. One day, he walked to the door of a family and realized that the couplet in front of the door was made by himself. Zheng Sheng asked Mrs Rao, the head of the household, what had happened. Ms Rao said that her daughter likes Zheng Banqiao's works very much. Zheng Sheng said he was Zheng Banqiao, and Mrs Rao immediately called her daughter Wuniang out and betrothed her to Zheng Banqiao. Zheng Banqiao later became a scholar in high school, and they were admitted to the school together. The couple also loved each other all their lives.

Banqiao marriage

Zheng Banqiao's literary talent is unparalleled. It's a pity that he was poor in his early years. One day, he walked to the door of a family and realized that the couplet in front of the door was his own poem. Zheng Sheng asked Mrs Rao, the head of the household, what had happened. Ms Rao said that her daughter likes Zheng Banqiao's works very much. Zheng Sheng said he was Zheng Banqiao, and Mrs Rao immediately called her daughter Wuniang out and betrothed her to Zheng Banqiao. Zheng Banqiao later entered high school as a scholar, and the couple loved each other all their lives.

Yu Tao has a glib tongue

Zheng Banqiao once wrote in the autobiography of Banqiao: "Cool loves mountains and rivers. And lewd, especially the extra peach tongue, playing with Chili wind. But knowing that you are old and ugly, this generation will be good for my gold coins. I am not confused about foreign affairs, but I don't agree. " Yu Tao's glib tongue and chili flavor are all insinuations of masculinity. I especially like men's colors, but because of ugliness, I often get close to him because of money. But he doesn't allow male prostitutes to interfere in his foreign affairs, or he will be fired. There is no delay in county governance because of male color.

He once advocated changing the buttocks in criminal law to the back. When I was a county magistrate, I once tried to whip a handsome gambler and almost cried in class.

In the Ming and Qing Scholars, the author pointed out that Zheng Banqiao was so poor because he was gay. "He keeps a lot of Toy Boy outside, which is a big expense. Zheng Banqiao spent almost all his salary as an official and the money for selling paintings on this matter ... "So he is a noble man.

Scold the gentry skillfully

On one occasion, a gentleman asked Zheng Xie to write a plaque. The gentry fawned on the government and did many bad things. Zheng Xie decided to play a trick on him, so he wrote four words: "Elegant and respectful". When painting the door plaque, Zheng Xie asked the painter to draw only the left half of the words "elegance, strangeness and quietness" and only the word "Wen". After a while, the unpainted part of the plaque on the front door of Shen Hao Building became blurred, while the painted part became clear. From a distance, the original "elegance and respect" has become the homonym of "yamen lackeys".

Family member editor

His ancestors moved from Nagato in Suzhou to Wangtou in xinghua city, and moved to Zheng Banqiao in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, that is, the14th generation. His father, Zheng Zhiben, whose real name is Li 'an and Meng Yang, was born in Lin. He is an outstanding scholar in Zheng Banqiao's former residence. He is a disciple at home and has hundreds of students.