Three characteristics of wormwood
1, the main stem is thick and long.
Artemisia argyi often appears around us, but many people who love flowers don't know what it looks like. The main stem of Artemisia argyi is more obvious, and it must be thicker and longer than ordinary green plants, with a straight length of 1.5cm. Roots cross the ground, leaves and stems are dark brown and dark red. Its top is slightly lignified, and its hair branches are short.
2. Leaves have cracked teeth
The leaves of wormwood are as thin as tissue paper, and the top is covered with gray short plush. Each leaf has three small teeth above and below, and the leaf is egg-shaped or needle-shaped. Such leaves are very different and easy to identify.
3. The head is oval.
The head of mugwort is oval, and there are 10 small and medium-sized racemes or compound racemes on the hairy branches. Its style is slender, and when it is in full bloom, it must extend beyond Corolla. Corolla's appearance is extremely unique, like a tall red wine glass.
Characteristics of growth environment of wormwood
1, growth environment
Wormwood has strong vitality and strong cold tolerance. It generally likes to grow in cold areas and humid environments. There are bright green wild wormwood everywhere in the rural areas of north and south, which has strong vitality and can be seen on roadsides, wasteland, barren hills and ponds.
2. The value of wormwood
Artemisia argyi is an important plant with high nutritional value, which has many functions, such as eliminating dampness and cold, regulating qi and blood, stopping bleeding and diminishing inflammation, relieving asthma and cough, preventing miscarriage and resisting allergy. Moreover, it has a high cultural value, and people can use it to pray for happiness and peace in life and relieve pain, but it should be noted that people with yin deficiency and blood heat should not use it.
3. the use of mugwort leaves
Generally, mugwort leaves can be put into water, boiled for about 15 to 20 minutes, then drained and added with 1 to 2 eggs. After the eggs are cooked, you can add some brown sugar. This dish is suitable for those with irregular uterus or infertility due to cold uterus, and has the effects of warming uterus, stopping bleeding and preventing miscarriage.
After picking fresh folium Artemisiae Argyi, you can put it in boiling water for 5 minutes and take it out. The rest of the water can be used for bathing, which has the effects of eliminating dampness and cold, regulating qi and blood, and sleeping peacefully. You can also soak your feet with Folium Artemisiae Argyi and Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which has the effect of eliminating dampness and dispelling cold, and has an auxiliary effect on eczema, foot odor and gynecology.
Cultivation techniques of Artemisia argyi leaves
In production, asexual reproduction is mainly carried out through rhizomes, so attention should be paid to the time of ramet division. But it can also be propagated by seeds. Generally, seeds are sown in March, and rhizomes are propagated in 165438+ 10.
Artificial cultivation
The new season of wormwood is from May to September every year. At present, China's circulation specifications are divided into three types: mugwort, mugwort and mugwort. Artemisia argyi has strong adaptability to climate and soil, cold tolerance and drought tolerance, and can be planted in fields, fields, hillsides and wasteland. The sowing time is as follows:
1. It is best to choose 2-3-year-old plants for planting wormwood. Select robust, high-yield and pest-free plants, cut off fruit branches when the fruits are ripe, spread them in the air, thresh them, sieve them, remove impurities by air separation, put the seeds into cloth bags and store them in a cool and dry place.
2. Planting wormwood should be carried out in early spring, February-March in the south and March-April in the north. Direct seeding or transplanting can be carried out, and the direct seeding row spacing is 40-50 cm. After sowing, the soil should not be too thick. Pay attention to management after emergence. When the height of seedlings is10 ~15cm, the seedlings should be fixed according to the plant spacing of 20 ~ 30cm.
Folium Artemisiae Argyi is a kind of plant that can be found almost everywhere in southern China. In Guilin, Guangxi, rice is directly wrapped in mugwort leaves for cooking. Artemisia argyi has been preventing plague for thousands of years.
Because Chinese herbal medicines were all made from local materials, wormwood became the hero of preventing plague at that time. According to modern medical pharmacology, wormwood is an antibacterial and antiviral drug, because wormwood has the function of inhibiting and killing germs, and also has the function of preventing and treating respiratory diseases.
Land selection
Ai Shi has a strong nature, likes sunshine, is drought-resistant and cold-resistant, and has low requirements for soil conditions. The neutral soil with abundant sunshine, deep soil layer, good soil permeability and rich organic matter is the best, and the fertile, loose and well-drained sandy soil and clay loam grow well. In order to save land resources, we should choose wasteland, roadside, river and hillside in hilly areas for reasonable layout, which can be planted on sloping land and flat land, as well as in front of houses and fields. However, as a medicinal material for both food and medicine, it is more important to ensure the quality, safety and efficacy of raw materials besides obtaining high yield. Therefore, the air around the planting plot should be clean, free of dust, domestic sewage and industrial water pollution, and the air quality should meet the national standard GB 3059+02.
Carry out soil preparation
After the plot is selected, deep tillage should be carried out first, and the tillage depth should be greater than 30 cm. Deep tillage can not only loosen the soil, but also improve the soil temperature and water retention capacity; It can also make full use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulated under cultivated soil; At the same time, it also plays a role in weeding, so that the grass seeds in that year are basically buried deep, and the weeds in the next year can be removed by about 50%. The key is to bury the non-Artemisia argyi herbicide that has not been decomposed in previous years in the ground to reduce its influence on the growth of Artemisia argyi. When deep ploughing, the soil moisture is too large, so it should be properly aired (sunned) to prevent the rake from breaking when it rotates, resulting in too large ridge opening and too many dead ridges, which will affect planting.
Fertilize soil or land
If farmyard manure is available, 30-45 tons/hectare of fully decomposed organic farmyard manure can be applied in conjunction with ploughing and harrowing; Or sprinkle a layer of decomposed rare human and animal feces as base fertilizer. If there is no farmyard manure, you can choose the granular organic fertilizer of Artemisia argyi, and evenly spread about 750 kg/ha after deep ploughing and before rotary harrowing. The contents of effective elements used as the organic fertilizer of mugwort are: organic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are more than 20%, amino acid is more than 20%, organic matter is more than 20%, humic acid is more than 5%, sulfur is more than 10%, and no harmful substances such as heavy metals are contained.
Entire border
After raking the soil, the whole bed (compartment) is started. The width of the border (compartment) is about 5 meters (depending on the plot situation), which is convenient for manual weeding and mechanical operation. Every two beds (compartments) have a shallow ditch, about 20 cm deep and 30 cm wide, which is convenient for flood control and drainage. Each border (box) is high in the middle and low on both sides (turtle back shape), and the height difference is not more than 1.5 cm, which is convenient for irrigation. Drainage ditches should be opened around the plot, with a depth of about 50 cm and a width of more than 60 cm, which is convenient for irrigation in drought and drainage in flood. After soil preparation, spray 1 special herbicide for wormwood (decompose in water) to kill weeds, and sow after 10- 15 days.
plant
Ordinary planting row spacing is 45 cm -30 cm (75,000 plants/hectare); The plant spacing of close planting rows is 45cm- 15cm (150000 plants/hectare); The reasonable row spacing is 45cm-20cm (654.38+0.05 million plants/hectare). Each point 1 plant. The planting depth is about 5-8 cm on sticky yellow soil or black soil; The suitable planting depth of sandy land or jute stone land is 8- 10 cm.
Artemisia argyi can also be planted semi-mechanically. One person drives a tractor with a plow, one person plants seedlings, and one person sprays special organic fertilizer for wormwood (no need to spread fertilizer if there is base fertilizer). The first plow swings the seedlings, paying attention to the interval and depth of ditching and the interval and depth of swinging the seedlings; The second plow is applied with organic fertilizer special for wormwood, and the ditching depth is 15-20cm, so that the excavated soil just covers the root of the first plow; The third plow is implemented according to the standard of the first plow, and the soil turned out by the third plow just covers the organic fertilizer of the second plow, and so on until the planting is completed. After the end, check whether there is any root exposure, and if there is, cover the soil in time.
operate
Intertillage and weeding: After the spring, the average temperature of the day reaches 9- 10℃, and when the wormwood buds just germinate but are not unearthed (timely digging for observation), keep a certain amount of water, and spray a special herbicide for wormwood with a sprayer for sealing, leaving no gaps. If there are still weeds after the growth of Artemisia argyi seedlings, intertillage should be done in late March and early April for weeding 1 time, and intertillage should be even and the depth should not exceed 10 cm. Weeds in the roots of mugwort leaves should be pulled out manually. 1 After the crops are harvested, spray the weeds in the gaps of mugwort with a small nozzle sprayer to prevent them from splashing on the roots of mugwort; If there are still a few weeds after the germination of the second crop of mugwort buds, artificial weeding should be carried out. Herbicide should be used under the guidance of technical personnel, and it is strictly forbidden to choose herbicide without technical guidance. When dicotyledonous or compositae herbicides are applied to other crops adjacent to the plot, it is strictly forbidden to splash on Artemisia argyi. After each harvest, there are still weeds on the ground, especially weeds with grass seeds, which should be collected in time and burned in the ground. It is forbidden for grass seeds to fall into the field.
Topdressing: at the seedling stage of each crop, when the seedling height is about 30 cm, 60-90 kg/ha of special seedling-lifting fertilizer for Artemisia argyi is evenly spread along the rainy days, and it is dissolved in water in sunny days and then applied (the concentration is less than 0.5%) or sprayed on the leaves; In wet weather, topdressing can also be carried out together with intertillage and scarification. Sprinkle the special fertilizer of mugwort first, and then loosen the soil. The loosening depth is 10 cm. Chemical fertilizer is only suitable for 1 crop planted in 1 year, and chemical fertilizer should not be used in the later growth period (i.e. the second and third seasons), otherwise it will affect the accumulation of effective components and reduce the quality of mugwort.
Irrigation: Artemisia argyi has strong adaptability. Before planting, the border (box) has been made into a turtle's back shape, and there is a corresponding drainage ditch. Clear ditches and drain water in time in rainy days and after rain to prevent waterlogging. In dry season, when the seedling height is less than 80 cm, foliar sprinkler irrigation is carried out; If the height of the seedlings exceeds 80 cm, the whole garden will be flooded.
choose
Artemisia argyi 1 crop is harvested in early June, timely harvested in sunny days, cut off the stems and branches with leaves on the ground, separate the stems and leaves, spread them in the air, or dry them at low temperature, and package and store them. In the first half of July, the second crop was harvested in sunny days, and the third crop was harvested before and after frost, so as to carry out overwintering management in the field.