Cut to the chase, the priceless treasure in the title is Dahongpao, the mother tree of Wuyishan, which is a few humble tea trees to the right of the three scarlet letters "Dahongpao" on the rock wall below:
This is the valley of Wuyi Mountain in Fujian Province. Due to the suitable light, temperature and soil conditions, there are also famous rock teas planted here, such as Bantian Yao, Wutian, Tieguanyin, Tieluohan and Bai Mudan. Looking around, they spread on the slope of the canyon layer by layer, just like blue tapestries falling from the sky, which is very spectacular. In contrast, the lonely mother trees on the cliff are mixed with sporadic weeds. If it weren't for the striking stone carving next to it, it is estimated that no one would notice.
On June 10 last year, at the 5th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, the government of China announced the official establishment of the first batch of five China national parks, with the aim of protecting diverse ecology and rare species. The ecology and species of Wuyi Mountain are as important as the giant panda, Sanjiang, Northeast Tiger and Leopard and tropical rain forest.
Wuyishan is the most abundant precipitation area in China. Millions of years of wind and rain have carved out the Danxia landform with numerous peaks and hills, giving birth to the world's largest subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest ecology at the same latitude, rich and diverse rare species such as Wuyi rhododendron and Chong 'an grass lizard, among which the most rare is Wuyishan mother tree, which looks inconspicuous, but only has six plants.
(All kinds of plants in Wuyishan)
How rare is it?
1998, at the first China Wuyishan Dahongpao Tea Culture Festival, Mr. Xu Rongmao, an Australian rich man, won 20 grams of mother tree Dahongpao in the auction, which cost 156800 yuan; In 2005, at the 12th Shanghai International Tea Culture Festival, Dahongpao, the mother tree with the same weight, sold 654.38+0.98 million; In the same year, at the seventh Wuyishan Red Robe Festival, it sold another 208,000 yuan!
After 2006, no matter how rich you are, you can't buy tea from the mother tree-the state decided to take special care of the mother tree of Dahongpao and its surrounding environment, insure it for 1 100 million yuan, stop picking tea and ensure its good growth; In 2007, the last 20g of mother tree tea (collected on May 3rd, 2005) was presented to the National Museum of China by Wuyishan Municipal People's Government, and the ceremony was held in the lobby outside the Forbidden City. In other words, Dahongpao mother tree tea has been sublimated from a treasure to a national treasure!
So if you hear someone selling mother tree Dahongpao tea, it must be a liar. However, as tea, especially the "king of tea" who still tastes mellow after being brewed for nine times, it cannot be evaluated and loses its value. Don't worry, there is no mother tree Dahongpao, and there are pure Dahongpao and commodity Dahongpao. The former is an asexual pure breed of the mother tree Dahongpao, which is made by cutting propagation of a specific strain of the mother tree. The latter is a combination of more than two tea strains in the mother tree Dahongpao, and each strain is also asexually propagated and transplanted. Because they are all asexual reproduction, the names of "first generation" and "second generation" Dahongpao in the market are unscientific.
Dahongpao is known as "the king of tea" and "the treasure of the country". Besides excellent color and fragrance, it also contains profound historical and humanistic values.
Xingcun Town, the first town of Wuyi Rock Tea, is the birthplace of black tea in the world, located on the Jiuqu River in Wuyishan, where the pier is the starting point of Jiuqu drifting.
In the 18th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1385), Ding Xian, the son of Juzi, went to Beijing to take the exam. When he passed Wuyi Mountain, he suddenly fell ill and had unbearable abdominal pain. He happened to meet a monk in a mountain temple. The monk took his hidden tea and drank it with him. The disease stopped. After winning the top prize, Ding Xian came to thank the monk and asked about the origin of tea. After learning that, he took off the Dahongpao and circled it three times among the tea bushes and put it on the tea tree. After Ding Xian took the tin-can Dahongpao back to Beijing, it happened that the queen was ill, and all the doctors failed, so she took out the pot of tea and presented it. After the queen drank it, Jiankang was in good health. The emperor was overjoyed, gave him a red robe and ordered Ding Xian to go to Kowloon and put it on a tea tree to show his long kindness. At the same time, send someone to take care of it, collect all tea tribute, and don't hide it. Since then, Wuyi Rock Tea Dahongpao has become the exclusive tribute tea of the royal family, and the reputation of Dahongpao has spread all over the world. It is said that every year, officials sent by the imperial court to pick tea wear Dahongpao and their robes are hung on tribute tea trees, hence the name "Dahongpao".
There are many stories or legends related to Dahongpao in history. At present, the three six-mother trees on the Kowloon Nest have experienced vicissitudes for more than 360 years and have been listed as world natural and cultural heritage by the United Nations.
It must be Lingshan Xiushui that produces spiritual buds. Next, let's take a look at the scenery of Wuyi Mountain.
Wuyishan is located in the northern part of Fujian, and is known as "Clear Water and Danshan" and "Southeast of Qixiujia".
Surrounded by mountains and waters, the water swims around the mountains, with beautiful scenery, wind and grass, and rock tea culture has a long-standing reputation ... There are more than 200 Danxia landforms, strange peaks and rocks in various shapes, some of which go straight into the sky, some hang for miles, some hang like screens, and some are graceful ... The mountains here are full of clear springs and waterfalls.
Here, outstanding people and brilliant humanities. The ancient Fujian people lived here more than 4000 years ago, and the developed Fujian-Vietnam culture lasted for more than 3000 years. After the Song Dynasty, Wuyishan was closely related to Zhu's Neo-Confucianism. Zhu/kloc-went to Wuyishan at the age of 0/4 and died at the age of 7 1. He studied, wrote, taught and lived here for more than 50 years, and Zhu's Neo-Confucianism sprouted, matured and spread here.
No wonder China, like Mount Tai, Mount Huangshan and Mount Emei, has only four dual world natural and cultural heritages.
Early in the morning, we came to Xingcun Ferry in Xingcun Town, which is the starting point of Jiuqu River rafting. But today, we will first visit the coastal scenery along the Jiuqu slow-moving road, and then go rafting another day.
Along the way, there is a scenic spot of "Wo Yun-God Bless-Taoyuan Cave" from "Nine Songs" to "Seven Songs" in the beautiful scenery of green hills with fragrant tea and clear water.
Wo Yun-Tianyou-Taoyuan Cave is the essence of Wuyi Mountain, which integrates water collection and humanity. Woyun has the beautiful scenery of "the stone shape is abrupt, and the mountain color rises from the asphalt", and it has the miraculous effect of "the evening birds smoke and the idle clouds flow beside the stone". God bless stands out among the peaks and is the "first scene of Wuyi"; Taoyuan Cave is a hopeless cave with deep underground and beautiful scenery. There are also sites such as Wuyi Jingshe, bookcase Jingshe and Liu Yun Bookstore, which can be bathed in beautiful scenery and be baptized by culture.
Wuyi Jingshe was originally the former site of Wuyi Jingshe founded by Zhu. Facing the evening peak like a case, backed by the hidden peak of the towering mountains, surrounded by a zigzag stream like a jade belt in front, the environment is elegant.
Today's exhibition hall was built in 2004, which reproduces the scene of Zhu Ju's disciples giving lectures, and shows Zhu's life and the grand occasion of his master's founding an Academy in Wuyishan.
Zhu is a representative of the school of learning, also known as Confucius. During the Song Dynasty, the national political, economic and cultural center of gravity moved south, and Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism gathered in Wuyishan area. Zhu has been active in this area for more than 50 years. He built a fine house to give lectures, train talents and write books, breaking the separation of the three religions, collecting the achievements of Confucianism since Confucius and Mencius, building a neo-Confucianism system, advocating poverty, sincerity and righteousness, and carrying forward Chinese culture until the Song Dynasty. As an official orthodox Confucianism, Zhu's neo-Confucianism has been circulating for a long time, which has had a great impact on the ideological development in East and Southeast Asia, and even played a role in the enlightenment and modernization of the West.
During his academic career, Zhu traveled all over Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui and Hunan, and had contacts with Zhang Qian, Lu Jiuyuan and other famous scholars. Several of these events had great influence and were passed down as beautiful talks. On the first day of August in the third year of Avenue (1 167), Zhu went to Zhang Qian, Changsha, Hunan Province to give lectures for two months, leaving "Zhang Zhu can talk" in Yuelu, and he was exposed to a lot of knowledge. In the second year of Xichun (1 175), on May 28th, Zhu and Jiangxi scholars Lu Jiuling and Lu Jiuyuan held a friendship meeting in Qian Shan Ehu Temple, and returned ten days later, which was known as the "Ehu Club". The E-Lake Conference was the first famous philosophical debate in the history of China's ancient thoughts. The difference between them is that Zhu thinks that "reason" lies in the universe outside the heart, while Erlu thinks that "Tao" is the original heart. Only by knowing the initial heart can we better understand the universe. "Lu-style mind learning" was inherited and developed by Wang Yangming in the Ming Dynasty, and later became the famous "Lu-Wang mind learning".
Not far from Wuyi Jingshe, it is a path to climb Tianyou Peak. Although the elevation of Tianyou Peak is not high (408m, with a relative height difference of 215m), the mountain road is steep and difficult to climb.
Halfway up the mountain, I met the "Tea Cave", which is one of the 72 caves in Wuyishan. There are famous tea bushes in the cave in ancient times, hence the name. Surrounded by mountains and valleys, surrounded by wells, also known as "hidden caves." After the tea cave, Xiaoshimen is the Fairy Bath, which is located in the deep valley on the right side of Yinqingyan. Snow spring water poured into the canyon and was stored as a pond. Legend has it that immortals bathe here.
Tianyou Peak has 848 steps, which is said to be related to Peng Zu. When Peng Zu lived to the age of 848, Yin had to take a regimen in Peng Zu, which made him feel harmful. In order to avoid Zhou Wang's pursuit, Peng Zu left Beijing to travel around the world, traveled thousands of miles to Wuyishan, Fujian Province, lived in seclusion in Tianyou Peak, and gave birth to his second son, Wu Peng Peng Yi, where he drank waterfalls, followed the trail, and led the local people to repair mountains and control water. After Peng Zu became immortal, the second son inherited his father's footsteps and continued to open mountains and rivers to benefit the people. In order to commemorate the achievements of Peng Zusan and his son, later generations named this mountain after Peng Zu's second son. This is the origin of the name "Wuyishan".
(Portrait of Peng Zu and his son in Feng Tianyou Dating)
The 848 steps are not few, and the steep slope makes climbing very tiring, but the scenery you see after reaching the top is definitely worth it. Looking at the railings, Wanfeng Jingxiu and Wangu Jingyou, you can see the victory of Xishan.
(Overlooking Jiuquxi from Tianyou Peak)
There are many cliff stone carvings on the mountain, and the ancients praised them without hesitation after traveling.
Soon after going down the mountain, I came to Taoyuan Cave. The process is like Peach Blossom Spring. The road is poor and deep. The cliff leans against each other and enters the door. Under the stone bridge, the stream is gurgling, and the interior is suddenly flat, surrounded by mountains, long pools and peach forests. The land can be ten or twenty acres, and dogs can hear each other. ......
There is a Taoist temple here, which was built in the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty (742-756). It is said that there were immortals living in seclusion in Wuyishan at that time, which attracted a large number of noble scholars to practice here. In the Ming Dynasty, Taoist temples in Taoyuan were widely known, including Sanqing Hall, Huang San Yuan Jun Hall, Sanguan Hall, Zhenwu Hall, Niangniang Hall and Gongde Hall. The reconstruction of Taoist temple here is now the focus of Fujian Province.
There is also an icon of Laojun in Taoyuan Cave, which is as high as 16 meters. The statue is realistic and solemn, with amiable expression, smooth lines, free and easy, and detached from things.
Southbound, also known as "Lingyan", is at first sight, with a length of176m and a narrowest point of only 0.3m.. There are Fuxi Cave, Wind Tunnel and Lingdong below. Looking from the bottom of the cave, the top of the rock twists and turns into a skylight, hence the name "first sight". The hole is like a beast's mouth. After entering the hole, it looks forward to the outside and looks like a beast's eye. The first-line talent has left and right routes, and the picture below shows the right line.
Not far from the horizon is the roaring Tiger Rock, which is tall and straight all around, surrounded by rugged rocks and vines, and has a unique interest in spring and Shi Tian.
There is also a Tiancheng Zen Temple nearby. There is a statue of Guanyin carved on the rock wall, which is even more shocking than Guanyin enshrined in the temple.
Wear tea, visit Qifeng, go down the mountain by car (you don't have to buy an expensive scenic bus, the bus will also go to some scenic spots), and come to Wuyi Palace.
Wuyi Palace was built in Tianbao period of Tang Dynasty (742-755), also known as Huixian Temple. It is the place where emperors of past dynasties offered sacrifices to Wuyi Shen Jun, and it is also one of the six famous scenic spots in the Song Dynasty. Facing the stream in front, backed by Xiufeng and Liangtian River in the back, there are many ingenious structures, and this is the end of Jiuqu River drifting and the place where tourists gather.
There is a Wuyi Spring and Autumn Museum in the palace, which shows the major historical events, celebrities and folk customs of Wuyishan in the past dynasties, including the above-mentioned Pengzu Mountain, the great achievements of science, the culture of Fujian and Vietnam, the meditation of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the cliff stone carvings, the tea culture and the dual heritage of Wuyi, from which we can relive the "Wuyi Spring and Autumn".
(Kaishan, Peng Zu)
Because Wuyi Rock Tea is very famous, let's talk a little more about the tea culture learned in the museum: Wuyi Tea was famous for its late Ganhou (tea name) in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (479) and became a gift from the upper class of literati in the Tang Dynasty. Song and Yuan Dynasties entered the tribute court, which was very prosperous. In the sixth year of Yuan Dade (1302), a royal tea garden was established along the Jiuqu River. In the Ming dynasty, the dragon group was stopped, and the steamed green group tea was changed to fried green group tea, followed by oolong tea, which is now rock tea. Wuyi Rock Tea began in Ming Dynasty, flourished in Qing Dynasty, and was exported to Western Europe in the17th century, enjoying a world-renowned reputation.
The above-mentioned Wuyishan Dahongpao is collected by the National Museum, not only because the mother tree is rare and needs to be protected, but also because oolong tea represented by Dahongpao has a far-reaching influence in the history of tea in China and even in the world. Oolong tea includes green tea, semi-fermented tea and fully fermented tea, and there are many varieties. It is a tea with distinctive Han characteristics among several major teas in China, among which Dahongpao stands out.
Wuyi Palace also has antique Song Street and Liu Yong Memorial Hall. Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote a graceful word, saying, "My clothes are getting wider and wider, and I will never regret it. I am haggard for Iraq." I don't know if I don't come to Wuyishan. The hometown of a generation of ancestral halls is here!
Wuyi Palace crosses Wanchun Garden to the north and meets a pool of clear water. The Danxia stone pillar reflects the lake, which is as beautiful as Guilin's landscape, and there is a temple name by the lake.
Zhi Zhi Temple in Wuyishan is located behind a water stone, which is said to be the place where Taoist immortals practice and the 16th cave of Taoism.
Zhi Zhi Temple is located behind a water stone. Because of the excellent environment and the presence of nobles, there are many people living here, and even Taoist priests meet immortals and get the myth of different books here.
After stopping at the temple, we walked along the lake and came to the foot of Wang Feng. After a whole day of ECG-like climbing up and down the mountain, today is about to climb the last peak. In front of us is a deep and endless path covered by dense forest, looking forward to the sunset of Dawang Peak, full of red clouds and a brilliant ending. Not much to say, climb!
Wang Feng, also known as Shamaoyan, is named after the mountain looks like an official shamao and has the unique majesty of a king. At an altitude of 530 meters, it is magnificent and looks like a giant column from a distance. Known as the "king of cranes" in the 36 peaks of Wuyi Mountain. There are towering old trees on the top of the mountain, including Tianjianchi and Toulong Cave.
(Overlooking Wang Feng)
At the beginning, the path was gentle, and it became narrower and steeper as it went up. If it is very high, you should not only be prepared for danger, but also be prepared for not being afraid of difficulties.
It's not cold up there, but it's beautiful. When I climbed to the top of the mountain, it was just the setting sun, and the mountain scenery was like ethereal ink.
The top of the mountain overlooks Jiuquxi and Wuyishan City. From this perspective, the concrete jungle is insignificant and broad-minded.
It was already evening when I went down the mountain. When I went there, it was near the Spring Festival last year, and the night fireworks in Wuyishan were gorgeous. ......
The highlight of the next day was drifting in the Jiuqu River, not the whole day. It's still early in the morning. Let's go to water curtain cave first.
After getting off the bus, I walked along the slow path of "Tian Wen Xin Chan", all the way to green tea, all the way to mountains, all the way to meditation, all the way to tea meditation, and I arrived in water curtain cave unconsciously.
Water curtain cave is a waterfall and scenic spot in Wuyishan, featuring Danxia landform peaks and rock mass landscape. Except water curtain cave, where the pearl curtain covers the red cliff, there are Eagle Mouth Rock and Danxiazhang, where the stones are red and purple, just like half of the sky, the gurgling stream and the cool breeze, the swallow peak flies with me, and
The picture below shows the sky frame, the legacy of Guyaju Caves Cave.
Skyframe is one of the best existing cultural attractions in Wuyishan, just like a two-story castle in the air, with cliffs above and deep streams below. According to legend, mountain people lived here in the Song Dynasty. The terrain of the crane frame is dangerous, so far there is no way to pass.
The picture below shows Eagle Mouth Rock, one of the 36 peaks in Wuyishan. The peak rock is majestic and unique, just like an eagle standing among the peaks. The top of the rock with its head held high in the east bends slightly downward, just like the mouth of an eagle.
Huiyuan Temple was built in Song Dynasty shortly before Yingzuiyan. The layout of residents' courtyard, the entrance hall is Confucian style, the main hall has Buddhist flavor, and the pavilion contains Taoist charm. It is a typical "three religions in one" religious building. Zhu Zeng left a plaque in the temple "Let me meditate" and a poem "Guests don't think tea is wine, living in the mountains and living near bamboo".
Continue to Liuxiang River, about 100 meters long and only one meter wide. The stone walls on both sides are like walls, standing upright, with green vines and lush orchids hanging down, and the mountain wind passing through the canyon. The smell is intoxicating.
Not far to the west, we came to the mother tree Dahongpao mentioned at the beginning of the article. Six "tea kings" grew on the rock waist and built a platform to protect them. Only in this unique environment can such an unforgettable treasure be born.
Water curtain cave and his party missed the morning rafting, and began to walk in the nearby market after one o'clock in the afternoon. The Spring Festival is coming, and the market is very lively. In addition to the dazzling array of new year's goods, there are many horsehead walls that attract me. Obviously, Wuyishan architecture at the junction of Fujian and Jiangxi is deeply influenced by Huizhou architecture.
It's almost time to visit the market, and then I came to Xingcun Town that passed by yesterday, lined up bamboo rafts and prepared to leave.
The ancients swam Jiuqu upstream from Wuyi Palace, but now people drift downstream by raft, so the drifting order is from Jiuqu to Ququ, in the opposite direction, and the beautiful scenery they see is the same. "Toad swallows the dream of scarab, sniffs the ape's head like a trunk, screens the jade girl's resentment on the iron wall, cracks the stone with a green sword, pays in 3661, and the empty valley is full of drums and the sunset is the same."
Drifting to see the scenery is one thing, and listening to the boatman tell jokes is also a great enjoyment. There are two boatmen on the raft, some are a man and a woman, some are two men. Anyway, there are endless dirty jokes all the way. If there is no saying that "the master is in the folk", boys and girls who punt can always make jokes that children can't understand according to the different scenery they see. Of course, most of them are made up in advance, but their strength lies in the interaction with passengers. Sometimes old people ask a serious historical allusion, and they can also answer with humor. Sometimes children speak recklessly, asking questions that adults will blush with, and making people smile. I think it is also necessary to talk about talk shows because of this reserve and adaptability. After drifting for an hour or two, everyone will give the boatman a little tip, which is worth it! Where the water is stable, tourists can clap their hands. )
The total length of Jiuqu River is about 10 km, and the mountain turns with the water, and the water goes around the mountain. Each song has a different meaning of landscape painting, which can be described as "the nine bends of the stream flow with cloud liquid, and the mountain light clears the ripples."
Soon after Jiuge left, Qi Yunfeng, Dolomite and Double Lions played with the ball stones, and Qifeng stood upright on the fertile field of Pingchou. The water in the eight bends is vast, and the strange stones in the water compete skillfully, presenting wonders such as water lion stone, water turtle stone, elephant trunk stone and camel peak.
On the north bank of Qiqu stands Sanyang Peak, the highest peak of Wuyishan, which is 754 meters above sea level, which makes people look up to reverence. Six songs are the shortest but the scenery is the best. Tianyou Peak, which was climbed the day before, is here. Looking at the bottom of the peak, it's awesome. The five songs are the most open, among which are Pinglin State, with lush trees and strange rocks by the water. Four curves confront two towering boulders, spanning the sky, reflecting the blue waves and dancing Lv Yun.
There is a world-famous "boat coffin" under the small Tibetan peak on the south cliff of Sanqu, which is the burial custom of the ancient Yue people. Two deep and steep canyons, adjacent to Yunu Mountain, have a graceful "peak" posture; It is spacious and open-minded, close to Wang Feng, Man Ting Peak, Lion Peak and Guanyin Rock, with magnificent peaks.
Nine songs are like nine songs, with beautiful scenery as the wonderful melody, pleasant laughter as the appropriate accompaniment, and occasional rocks as the unexpected syncopation. Every turn is an expected interlude. ......
After the Nine Songs, the trip to Bamin was over, but every scene we met on the road was as endless as the sound of an empty valley. What remains in memory is not the sea, but a better expectation for the next departure. ......
Next trip-Guangxi!