The basic knowledge of nutrition is that nutrition is a subject that studies the relationship between human metabolism and food nutrients.

By describing the history, origin, development, characteristics and level of nutrition, we can understand the development of nutrition. Nutrition has a far-reaching impact on society, family, industry, health and policy. The United States is the representative of molecular nutrition, China is the representative of holistic nutrition, and the Japanese have their own characteristics.

The origin of modern nutrition began with the discovery of carbohydrates in 1900, and gradually became a professional discipline. China had the concept of nutrition for a long time. For example, the raw materials and cooking methods in jiaozi, China, are in line with the China food culture with color, fragrance and taste while ensuring that all kinds of nutrients are complete and not lost. This shows that China culture is profound.

Teaching content of food nutrition

Including the chemical composition and nutritional characteristics of various foods; Characteristics of common foods in each type of food; The effects of food processing, cooking and storage on food nutrients, etc.

Finally, the concept and basic conditions of balanced diet were expounded from the perspectives of modern nutrition and traditional Chinese medicine nutrition, and three theoretical and technical tools for realizing balanced diet were introduced, namely, Dietary Guide for China Residents, Balanced Dietary Pagoda for China Residents and Reference Intake of Dietary Nutrients for China Residents, so as to guide how to realize reasonable nutrition.

The above contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Nutrition; Baidu encyclopedia-food nutrition

Nutrients are essential food ingredients to maintain normal life activities. The study of nutrients in modern nutrition is mainly aimed at the nutritional needs of people and livestock. Nutrients are divided into seven categories: protein, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, water and cellulose.

Nutrients needed by living things are composed of many elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. These are the main elements that make up the protein of organisms and store energy. In addition, there are a small amount of sulfur, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chlorine and various trace elements. Some trace elements are only trace elements in organisms.

From low to high, from single-celled organisms to higher animals and plants, from living in water to living on land, the living environment is different and the ecology is different. In this way, the required nutrients and the way of taking nutrients are also different.

Extended data:

nutritional requirement

A reasonable diet is necessary to form and maintain a healthy body and meet the huge energy demand of physical and mental work. A person's daily demand for essential nutrients is determined by age, sex, height, weight, metabolism and activity. Based on the analysis of the research data, the requirements of 45 essential nutrients in food were evaluated. The Food Nutrition Committee of the National Academy of Sciences and the US Department of Agriculture regularly published the recommended daily dietary recommended dietary allowance to calculate the dietary requirements of healthy people.

According to USDA, a balanced diet consists of four basic foods. They are: dairy products, meat and vegetable proteins, bread and grains, fruits and vegetables. This paper puts forward a new optimized pyramid diet suggestion to help people choose a diet that can supplement essential nutrients and reduce the incidence of many diseases, such as cancer, hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke.

This advice varies according to everyone's calorie intake. For example, a person who needs 1600 kcal will eat 6 servings of cereal and 3 servings of protein food every day, while a person who needs 2400 kcal will eat 10 servings of cereal and 5 servings of protein food every day. Generally speaking, the intake of fat should be reduced to 30% of the total calories, while the intake of fruits, vegetables and cereals should be increased.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-nutrition

Nutrition knowledge content

Nutrition knowledge content

Contents of nutrition knowledge. Everyone attaches great importance to good health. Good living and eating habits can help us keep healthy. At the same time, we should also pay attention to our mental health. Physical and mental health is really good. Let's share some nutrition knowledge with you.

Nutrition knowledge content 1

1. Drinking a glass of water after waking up every day can clean the gastrointestinal tract.

2. Cultivate the habit of drinking water every day, at least one liter a day.

3, to prevent overeating, it is best not to eat snacks after 9 pm.

4. Eat more fiber food.

5. In the case of eating instant noodles, wash the instant noodles with warm water first, throw away the water with wax coating after stirring, and then cook the noodles repeatedly with another pot of water. Because instant noodles have a layer of wax coating, many of them accumulate in the body, which will cause cancer.

6. On an empty stomach, it's best to eat nine kinds of fresh fruits: banana, apple, orange, jujube, sweet honey, fresh litchi, jackfruit, hawthorn fruit, tomato and persimmon cake.

7. Eating while walking is bad for your stomach, body and mind.

8, all kinds of snacks such as ice cream, biscuits, chocolate and so on. It's unhealthy breakfast.

9. Don't drink tea after meals. Because tea contains tannic acid, it will inhibit the metabolism of gastric acid and intestinal juice, which is not conducive to the digestion and absorption of some protein, causing indigestion.

10, you don't need to eat fresh day lily, water chestnut, sugar, fresh fungus and pure honey directly.

A colorful diet

1, with various components, mainly grains.

Except for milk, all natural ingredients can't show all the nutrients needed by the body. A reasonable diet must be composed of a variety of ingredients, so as to consider the needs of various nutritional components of the body, achieve reasonable nutrition and promote physical and mental health. Cereal is the main part of the traditional diet in China. Clearly pointing out that food is dominant is to remind everyone to maintain China's excellent traditional diet and prevent the disadvantages of the diet structure dominated by efficient energy components in capitalist countries.

2. Eat more vegetables, fresh fruits and sweet potatoes.

Eating more vegetables, fruits, fresh fruits and sweet potatoes plays a key role in maintaining cardiovascular health, improving disease resistance, reducing the risk of eye diseases in children and preventing certain cancers.

3. Eat dairy products, beans or their products every day.

Dairy products not only contain rich and colorful protein foods and vitamins, but also contain high calcium, and the utilization rate of calcium is also high, which is a good source of pure natural high-quality protein. In China, the calcium produced by family diet is generally slightly lower, and the average value is only about half of the strongly recommended requirement. There are also many children with rickets in China, which may be related to insufficient dietary calcium. Therefore, we should vigorously promote the production and consumption of dairy products. Bean food is a traditional food in China, which contains rich and colorful protein food, unsaturated fat, calcium, vitamin b2 1 and vitamin b3.

4, often eat appropriate fish, poultry, eggs, lean meat, eat less fat and meat oil.

Fish, poultry, eggs and lean pork are excellent sources of food, fat-soluble vitamins and minerals in protein. However, it should be noted that white meat and meat oil are high-energy and high-fat foods. Excessive intake usually leads to obesity, and they are also the risk source of some chronic diseases, so we should eat less.

5, appetite and energy activities should be balanced, keep suitable for rest.

Food intake and energy activity are two key factors to control resting weight. Composition shows human energy, and energy activities consume kinetic energy. If you eat too much and don't exercise enough, unnecessary kinetic energy will accumulate in the body in the form of human fat, which will increase the static weight, and in the long run, it will cause obesity.

6. Eat light and salty food

Eating a light and salt-free diet is good for physical and mental health, that is, you don't have to eat too greasy and salty ingredients, and you don't have to eat too many livestock ingredients and fried smoked ingredients. In China, the household salt intake is too high, and the average value is more than twice that recommended by the World Health Organization. Clinical epidemiological investigation shows that sodium intake is directly proportional to the prevalence of hypertension, so it is not advisable to use too much edible salt.

Nutrition knowledge content II

1, pay attention to balanced nutrition. Eat all kinds of grains, fruits, vegetables, fish, eggs, milk, etc. Don't be partial to food in your daily diet.

2. Eat more soy products. Beans are rich in high-quality protein, with high nutritional value, low price and easy digestion.

3. Pay attention to the processing method of food. When processing food, master the temperature and methods to minimize the loss of vitamins.

4. Change the variety of food and increase children's appetite.

5. Have fun. You can concentrate and have a good mood when eating. Eating happily can improve the digestibility of food.

6. chew slowly. Don't eat too fast, especially young children, chew slowly, because chewing more is beneficial to improve the digestibility of food and protect the stomach.

7. Don't eat too much. Eating too much will hurt the stomach and reduce the digestibility.

8. Don't eat medicinal food indiscriminately. For example, fortified foods, health foods and other medicated foods should be seriously considered whether they are really needed. Otherwise, it is equal to taking medicine without illness, which is not only useless but also harmful to the body.

9, do not eat supplements. Although traditional tonic is beneficial to the elderly and people with weak constitution, it does more harm than good to students, so it is better not to eat it.

10, eat less sugar. Because there are a lot of carbohydrates in daily diet that can be converted into sugar, it is necessary to properly control soda, chocolate, dessert and milk candy in children's snacks, and not too much. .

1 1. Have a good breakfast. Because the nutrients absorbed by breakfast should account for about 30% of the nutrients absorbed throughout the day. Only in this way can we ensure good health and digest our needs. Therefore, breakfast should have enough nutrition, and you can make some choices among foods with high nutritional value, such as eggs, milk, pork floss, salted eggs, sesame sauce, honey and so on.

12, timing and quantification. This can make the food center in the cerebral cortex form skill stereotypes, make the digestion and absorption system become regular activities, and promote the improvement of digestion and absorption rate.

Causes and preventive measures of obesity in primary school students

Causes of obesity in primary school students:

Obesity in children and adolescents is mostly simple obesity, which is caused by both environmental factors and genetic factors.

Environmental factors: Overnutrition is the most important cause of obesity in children and adolescents. Eating too much food will cause excess calories to be converted into fat and accumulated in the body. At the same time, lack of adequate exercise, so lack of exercise is also the most important factor leading to obesity in children and adolescents. Eating habits are closely related to obesity. Some people study that people who eat sweets, animal fats and greasy foods are prone to obesity. Eating too much staple food and eating too fast is also the cause of obesity.

Medical scientists believe that obesity is related to genetic factors. The main reason is that parents and children live in the same family, and their diet and activities are the same. Moreover, parents' incorrect eating habits will affect their offspring, so it is difficult to correct the eating habits inherited from childhood. For example, people who love to eat greasy food since childhood often don't change in adolescence.

Preventive measures for obesity:

1, understand the harm of obesity to the body, the causes and prevention methods of obesity, and improve the knowledge and ability to prevent obesity.

2. Cultivate good eating habits. Eat moderately, but don't overeat. In order to increase satiety, you can eat fruit and drink soup before meals. Eat less sweets, snacks and other sweets, eat less greasy food, chew slowly when eating, to prevent wolfing down. Snacks between meals can replace sweets and cakes with snacks such as fruits and popcorn.

3. Take an active part in sports activities, arrange the work and rest system reasonably, don't sleep too much, don't read books or watch TV immediately after meals, and it is best to have an interval of 3 hours between dinner and sleep.

4. If you gain weight, don't force hunger therapy or diet pills to lose weight, which will affect the normal development of adolescence and even cause anorexia in adolescence. You should adjust your diet structure in time, such as reducing staple food and limiting the consumption of fat, cream, refined cakes, sweets, etc. Eat more foods containing more cellulose, such as fresh vegetables and fruits; Lean meat, eggs and soybeans should not be reduced.

5. Strengthen physical exercise and increase calorie consumption, such as doing slimming gymnastics, swimming, running and other activities. To have a certain amount of exercise and keep exercising can not only enhance physical fitness, improve physical resistance, but also play a role in losing weight.

6, reasonable nutrition, balanced diet, in primary and secondary schools in a planned and step-by-step way to popularize students' nutritious lunch.

Nutrition knowledge content 3

First, healthy eating 15 tips

1, chicken butt contains carcinogens, so it is best not to eat it.

People often think that eating fruit after meals is beneficial. Actually, this is a wrong concept. Eating fruit before meals is good.

Eating fruit in the morning is gold, eating fruit at noon is silver, and eating fruit at night is copper.

Don't add eggs and sugar to drink soybean milk, and don't drink too much.

7, don't eat tomatoes on an empty stomach, it is best to eat after meals.

5. Wake up every morning. Drink a cup of boiled water first, which can prevent gallstones.

6. Don't eat three hours before going to bed. Will be fat.

7. Drink less milk tea. Because it is high in calories and oil, it has no nutritional value. Long-term drinking is prone to diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.

8, freshly baked bread should not be eaten immediately!

9. Stay away from the charging stand. The human body should be away from 30 cm. Never put it by the bed.

10, drink eight glasses of water every day.

Don't drink two cups of coffee a day. Drinking too much can easily lead to insomnia and stomachache.

Eat less greasy food. Because the blood in the brain takes 57 hours to digest and concentrate on the stomach, it is easy to fall asleep.

13, after 5 pm, eat less big meals. Because the body doesn't need so much energy after five o'clock.

14, ten glasses of water a day, bladder cancer will not come.

15, drink more water during the day and drink less water at night.

Second, the knowledge of healthy eating in daily life

1, Carassius auratus retting soup is the most suitable.

Fish soup should be delicious and the fish in the soup must be fresh. Among all kinds of fish, crucian carp soup tastes best.

This kind of fish has tender meat, delicious taste and high nutritional value. At the same time, the soup cooked is milky white and delicious, which is incomparable to other fish.

2. How to stew milky white fish soup?

Milky fish soup is attractive in color and rich in nutrition. How can I make such fish soup?

Stir-fry the fish with oil first, and then stew the soup with hot water, because it is easy to make the protein in the fish shrink and solidify with cold water stew, and it is not easy to decompose into milky white.

3. Braised ribs with vinegar have many benefits.

Dropping a few drops of vinegar when stewing ribs or cooking bone soup can not only dissolve calcium, phosphorus and iron in bones, but also protect vitamins in bones from being destroyed and improve utilization rate.

4. stewed fish with milk is more delicious

Putting a spoonful of milk in the stewed fish not only removes the fishy smell, but also makes the fish fresh and tender, and the fish soup is white and delicious.

Third, Chinese medicine deciphers three common dietary health rumors

Dark eggs have higher nutritional value than light eggs.

Dark color is often synonymous with high health and nutritional value, but the color of eggshell is only related to the variety of hen. The nutritional value of eggs depends entirely on the health status of hens and the quality of daily feed.

Fresh vegetables are healthier than frozen vegetables.

If it refers to fresh vegetables just picked from vegetable fields, there is no problem with this statement. But in fact, most of the vegetables we eat are not so fresh, usually stored for a few days, and vitamins are gradually lost during storage. On the contrary, vegetables frozen at ultra-low temperature can retain more vitamins, because quick freezing after picking can prevent the loss of vitamins.

Drinking coffee is harmful to human health.

Coffee can easily lead to the loss of calcium in the body, but as long as milk is added to coffee, this deficiency can be made up. In fact, coffee is good for people. It can excite brain cells and refresh the brain. If you feel sleepy after getting up in the morning, have a cup of coffee and your mind will clear up immediately. As long as drinking coffee is not excessive and hidden, adding milk before drinking will not endanger human health.

Fourth, the common sense of eating healthy in autumn

1, pay attention to nourishing yin and moistening dryness.

The foods that nourish yin and moisten dryness mainly include honey, lily, tremella, yam, lotus seeds, walnuts, sesame seeds, pears, bananas, dried plums and so on. "Plum is especially suitable for autumn. Chinese medicine believes that sour plums are sweet and cloudy, and sour plums are just in line with the regimen of' mainly sour and moist'. " In addition, autumn health tips tell you to pay attention to drinking more water.

2. It is very important to nourish the lungs.

It is better to nourish yin and moisten the lungs in autumn diet, and dry autumn is easy to hurt the lungs. You can eat some soft foods appropriately, such as sesame, honey, lily, almond, dairy products and so on. , can benefit the stomach and produce fluid, which is good for health. At the same time, you can eat more sour fruits and vegetables, and put them away when they are sour.

3. Be careful to eat fruits and vegetables

Some people like to eat melons and fruits. Although the weather is cool in autumn, they are also used to eating fruits and vegetables after meals, thinking that this will help digestion. This view is all wet. After beginning of autumn, you can't eat more fruits and vegetables, otherwise it will damage the yang of the spleen and stomach. As the saying goes, "autumn melons are bad for the stomach", and eating too much can easily cause diseases such as diarrhea.

4. Eat more root vegetables

As the ancients said, there are flowers in spring, leaves in summer, fruits in autumn and roots in winter. In autumn and winter, a large number of seasonal root vegetables are on the market. At this time, root vegetables are fresh and cheap, resistant to storage, and especially suitable for eating more. Like common radish and yam, although common, they have great nutritional value and can be described as "nourishing treasures".

Knowledge points of food nutrition

1. calcium

Milk and dairy products are the best food sources of calcium, with rich content and high absorption rate. Beans, nuts, green vegetables and various melon seeds are also good sources of calcium. A few foods, such as shrimp skin, kelp, Nostoc flagelliforme, sesame sauce, etc. Has a particularly high calcium content.

2. Magnesium

It is mainly distributed in cells, and the magnesium in extracellular fluid does not exceed 65438 0%.

Green leafy vegetables, coarse grains and nuts are rich in magnesium. The magnesium content of refined food is generally low.

3. Phosphorus

Lean meat, eggs, fish, cheese, clams, liver and kidneys of animals are all rich in phosphorus.

4. Potassium

It mainly exists in cells, accounting for about 98% of the total, and others exist outside cells.

Vegetables and fruits are the best food sources of potassium, and non-green vegetables contain more potassium.

5. Sodium

Sodium in the body is mainly in extracellular fluid, and the content of intracellular fluid is low.

The main sources of sodium in human body are salt and processed food, such as soy sauce, salted or pickled meat or smoked food, pickles, fermented bean products and salty snack food.

6. Chlorine

Almost all the chlorine in the diet comes from sodium nitride, and only a small amount comes from potassium chloride. Therefore, salt and its processed foods such as soy sauce, salted, pickled or smoked foods, pickled vegetables and salty foods are all rich in chloride.

Knowledge points of sports nutrition

Nutrition: The whole process in which the body ingests, digests, absorbs and utilizes nutrients in food to maintain life activities.

Nutrients: Chemicals contained in food that can maintain normal physiological functions and promote growth and health.

Nutrition: Study the rational use of food to promote physical development, health, skills, disease prevention and longevity.

Blood sugar index: refers to the relative ability of sugary foods to raise blood sugar level, compared with the change degree of blood sugar concentration after intake of reference foods. Essential amino acids: They cannot be synthesized by themselves in the body, or the lack of them must be directly supplied by food such as protein in vitro.

Essential fatty acids: polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are usually necessary to maintain human growth, cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied by food. Respiratory quotient: The ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide produced by food oxidation in the body to the volume of oxygen consumed at the same time. Calorific value of things: the heat energy generated by the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and protein per gram in the body. Basal metabolism: heat energy to maintain basic life activities of human body.

Complementarity of protein: When several protein foods are mixed, due to the coordination of amino acids contained in various protein, the proportion of essential amino acids is increased, thus increasing the biological value of mixed protein. Dietary fiber: the general name of polysaccharide components absorbed by human body without being digested by digestive enzymes. Dietary balance: the nutrition contained in the diet is complete, sufficient in quantity and appropriate in proportion. The attacked nutrients in the diet are in balance with the needs of the body. Dietary survey: Evaluate dietary intake by different methods to understand people's dietary intake and dietary structure in a certain period. Sports drink: the composition and content of nutrients can meet the physiological characteristics and special nutritional needs of athletes. Eating disorder: refers to the situation that the eating behavior of athletes is controlled by external factors, which leads to the decline of sports ability and the deterioration of mood. Nutritional value of food: refers to the degree to which nutrients and heat energy contained in food can meet human needs. Exercise dehydration: it is a phenomenon that people lose too much water and electrolyte in their bodies due to exercise.

Adults need eight kinds of amino acids, and children need nine kinds. The essential nutrients for human body can be roughly divided into six categories: protein fat, sugar, minerals and vitamin water. Some people classify dietary fiber as the seventh kind of nutrients. The balance ratio of three nutrients: sugar 60-70, fat 20-25, protein 10- 15. Vitamins are divided into water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins.

The suitable ratio of calcium and phosphorus is one to two to promote the absorption of adults and two to one to promote the absorption of children. Causes of insufficient iron intake: anemia, decreased immunity, and absorption sites of anti-methyl iron: stomach and small intestine. Protein, three nutrients, sugar and fat, can be transformed, but cannot be replaced. Acidic food: meat, eggs and cereals, and alkaline food: vegetables, fruits and kelp.

6g of salt and 25g of grease. It is recommended that 50g of coarse grain alcohol should not exceed 25g every day.

Troika for treating diabetes: Diet control and drug exercise therapy are the most basic methods.

Energy consumption of human body: the thermal effect of basic metabolic exercise and daily activities, the thermal effect of food, and the growth and development of the body.

Illegal drugs in sports: stimulants, anesthetics, analgesics, protein assimilation agents, diuretics, peptide hormone mimetics and the like. Common dietary survey methods: weighing method, bookkeeping method, retrospective inquiry method and food chemical analysis method.

Nutrition survey content: dietary survey, nutritional status, physical examination and biochemical examination.

According to the glycemic index, food is divided into high GI, medium GI and low GI. The first messenger hormone, the second messenger calcium