The perforation caused by chronic otitis media depends on the type of otitis media. Different types of otitis media have different characteristics. Non-suppurative otitis media, such as catarrhal otitis media, can have symptoms such as hearing loss, tightness and strong sense of self. Suppurative otitis media can be divided into acute otitis media and chronic otitis media. Acute otitis media can have symptoms such as earache, hearing loss and otitis media in external auditory canal. Chronic otitis media can be divided into chronic simple otitis media, chronic osteitis otitis media and chronic cholesteatoma otitis media, all of which have long-term external auditory canal symptoms and hearing loss.
Acute catarrhal otitis media is generally caused by eustachian tube obstruction caused by edema and congestion of nasal mucosa, which leads to imbalance of middle ear air pressure (tympanic negative pressure). Using glucocorticoid+antibiotics+furacilin solution to drop nose and blow eustachian tube when necessary, it is generally not difficult to cure in the early stage. In the later stage, tympanic membrane puncture (aspiration) or tympanic membrane catheterization is sometimes feasible.
Patients with acute suppurative otitis media without tympanic membrane perforation were treated with antibiotics, those with severe earache were treated with phenol glycerin, and those with acute rhinitis were treated with furosemide. Patients with tympanic membrane perforation can't use phenol glycerin to drop their ears. They should clean the external auditory canal and middle ear with hydrogen peroxide. After cleaning, they should use antibiotic ear drops, which is generally not difficult to cure, and the perforated eardrum can also heal.
Chronic otitis media can be divided into chronic simple otitis media, chronic osteitis otitis media and chronic cholesteatoma otitis media. In the treatment of chronic simple otitis media, hydrogen peroxide should be used to clean the external auditory canal and middle ear, and then the purulent secretions of the external auditory canal and middle ear should be cleaned, sucked or dried, and then the ear drops with antibiotics can generally control acute inflammation. After the inflammation is controlled, the middle ear mucosa returns to normal without secretion, which is called "dry ear". If the eustachian tube functions normally after dry ears, it is feasible to repair the tympanic membrane to achieve the purpose of healing. The treatment of chronic osteitis otitis media and chronic cholesteatoma otitis media can only be completely cured by surgery, and the risk of intracranial infection can be reduced. Open drainage of tympanic cavity and paranasal sinuses to remove inflammatory tissue and cholesteatoma, and finally tympanoplasty according to the situation.