1. Chrysanthemum is distributed in towns and villages in China, especially in Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Qingdao, Tianjin, Kaifeng, Wuhan, Chengdu, Changsha, Xiangtan, Xi, Shenyang, Guangzhou and Xiaolan Town in Zhongshan. Around the 8th century, chrysanthemum as an ornamental flower spread from China to Japan, and was regarded as the national emblem of Japan.
2. At the end of17, Dutch merchants introduced China chrysanthemum to Europe, France in 18 and North America in the middle of 19. Since then, chrysanthemums in China have spread all over the world.
Flowering period:
1, Xia Ju: also known as 599. It blooms once a year in May and September of the lunar calendar. Now it can be planted in solar calendar 10 in May and June.
2. Qiuju: The flowering period is early and late. Mid-sized chrysanthemum whose first chrysanthemum period is in the middle and late September. The late chrysanthemum period is 10- 1 1, which is the most widely cultivated autumn chrysanthemum.
3, cold chrysanthemum: also known as winter chrysanthemum. The flowering period is 65438+ February of the following year to 65438+ 10.
Use:
(1) View
1. In China, appreciating chrysanthemums is a long-standing custom. From the ancient imperial palaces, official families and ordinary people in Kyoto to the people in various cities in China today, various kinds of chrysanthemum viewing activities are held every autumn, such as chrysanthemum exhibitions, chrysanthemum parties, chrysanthemum parties and so on. Beijing Botanical Garden holds chrysanthemum viewing activities every autumn. The Chrysanthemum Club in Xiaolan Town, Zhongshan County, Guangdong Province began in the late Northern Song Dynasty and has a history of more than 700 years. It is one of the oldest and largest chrysanthemum clubs in China, with a maximum of one million people.
2. Chrysanthemum grows vigorously and has strong germination ability. A chrysanthemum can be divided into thousands of buds after many times of enucleation. Some varieties have many soft branches, which are convenient to make various shapes, forming beautiful shapes such as chrysanthemum tower, chrysanthemum bridge, chrysanthemum fence, chrysanthemum pavilion, chrysanthemum gate and chrysanthemum ball. It can also be cultivated into big chrysanthemums, cliff chrysanthemums, ten kinds of brocade, bonsai and so on. , varied and spectacular, adding countless ornamental works of art to the annual chrysanthemum exhibition. ?
(2) Edible
1, chrysanthemum can be used as medicine to treat diseases, and taking or drinking chrysanthemum tea for a long time can prolong life. Su Zhe, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "Nanyang Bai Juyi has many old people in the pool."
Chrysanthemums can be made into exquisite delicacies. "Chrysanthemum meat" is a kind of chrysanthemum dish made by long-term exploration. It is made of pieces of white and tender pork cooked with sucrose, as delicate as white jade. Stick a few chrysanthemum petals on each piece, drink enough fat and sugar, observe its golden color, and taste delicious, sweet but not greasy. This is a famous dish. There are also chrysanthemum fish balls, fried chrysanthemum leaves, chrysanthemum fish porridge, chrysanthemum soup, chrysanthemum wine, chrysanthemum tea and so on. These chrysanthemum meals are not only good in color, fragrance and nutrition. The famous "Chrysanthemum Pot" in Beijing (that is, put some chrysanthemums in the hot pot of instant-boiled mutton to cook soup) is light and delicious, and has a unique flavor.
3. Eating patterns, such as chrysanthemum porridge, chrysanthemum tea, chrysanthemum wine, chrysanthemum cake, chrysanthemum soup and chrysanthemum drink.
(3) medical care
Chrysanthemum patch, chrysanthemum pillow
Chrysanthemum: Chrysanthemum slices are fried with pork and snake meat or cooked with fish and chicken. The meat is balanced, nourishing but not greasy, and refreshing. Can be used for treating dizziness and wind-heat disorder.
Chrysanthemum kneepad: Chrysanthemum and Folium Artemisiae Argyi are mashed into coarse powder and packed into gauze bags to make kneepad, which can dispel wind and remove dampness, reduce swelling and relieve pain, and treat arthritis such as crane knee wind.
Chrysanthemum flower fragrance: It has the function of dispelling wind and calming the liver, and can be used for the adjuvant treatment of colds and headaches.
Legend:
Chrysanthemum Fairy is a touching folk story in China.
1, which happened in Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province, the beautiful hometown of Chrysanthemum morifolium. People call September 9th the Chrysanthemum Festival, which forms the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums, eating chrysanthemum tea and drinking chrysanthemum wine. Through touching stories, people learned about the functions and benefits of chrysanthemum, and gradually formed a chrysanthemum culture. The legend also tells that the method of cultivating chrysanthemum is called chrysanthemum ballad, which is widely circulated.
A long time ago, there lived a farmer named A Niu near the Grand Canal. A Niu's family is very poor. He lost his father at the age of seven and lived on his mother's textiles. A Niu's mother lost her husband when she was very young, and her life was very difficult. She often cries and her eyes are broken. A Niu lived to be 13 years old. He said to his mother, "mom, your eyes are not good." Don't spin and weave day and night in the future. I have grown up, I can support you! " So I went to Zhang's rich man's house to do small long-term work, and both mother and son came through thick and thin.
Two years later, my mother's eye disease became more and more serious, and she soon became blind. A Niu thought that my mother's eyes were blind to me, and she should be cured anyway. While working for the rich man, I cultivated land early in the morning, planted vegetables in the dark, and sold vegetables to earn some money to buy medicine for my mother. I don't know how much medicine I took, but my mother's eye disease is still not getting better.
4. One night, A Niu had a dream that a beautiful girl came to help him grow vegetables and told him, "There is a small ceiling swing dozens of miles west along the canal, and there is a white chrysanthemum in the swing, which can cure eye diseases. This kind of flower won't bloom until the Double Ninth Festival in September. When the time comes, you can give this flower to your mother, which will definitely cure her eye disease. " On the Double Ninth Festival, A Niu took dry food to the ceiling to find white chrysanthemums. It turns out that this is a wild field full of weeds, called wild field. He searched there for a long time, but only Huang Juhua couldn't find the white chrysanthemum. He found a white wild chrysanthemum beside a small mound in the grass, which kept swinging on the grass until the afternoon. This kind of white chrysanthemum is very special, with nine branches in one stem. There is only one bloom, and the other eight are in bud.
A Niu dug up this white chrysanthemum with roots and soil, and planted it next to his house. After his watering and care, eight flowers soon opened, fragrant and beautiful. So he picks a chrysanthemum and gives it to his mother every day. After eating the seventh chrysanthemum, A Niu's mother's eyes began to see again.
The news that white chrysanthemum can cure eye diseases spread quickly, and villagers came to watch this unusual wild chrysanthemum. The news also reached the wealthy Zhang Man. Rich Zhang Man called A Niu and ordered him to transplant chrysanthemums into the Zhangjia Garden at once. A Niu certainly won't. Rich Zhang Man called several men to A Niu's house to rob white chrysanthemums. Because of the competition between the two sides, the chrysanthemum broke, so they left. A Niu was very sad when he saw that the white chrysanthemum which cured his mother's eye disease was raped. He sat beside the broken white chrysanthemum and cried till dark, and refused to leave until late at night.
After midnight, his hazy tears suddenly lit up, and the beautiful girl I dreamed of last time suddenly came to his side. The girl advised him, "A Niu, your filial piety has been rewarded. Don't be sad. Go back to sleep! " A Niu said, "This chrysanthemum saved my family. How can I live if it is dead? " The girl said, "Although the stem of this chrysanthemum is broken, the root is still there. She's not dead. All you have to do is dig out the roots and transplant them to other places, and the white chrysanthemums will grow. " A Niu asked, "Girl, who are you? Please tell me, I am so grateful to you. " The girl said, "I am the chrysanthemum fairy in the sky, and I am here to help you." I don't need to repay you. As long as you follow a "Chrysanthemum Ballad", white chrysanthemums will surely grow alive. " Then Juxian read: "Three points and four heads, water showering in May, throwing the head in June, covering the head in July and August, and rolling hydrangeas in September." It disappeared after reading it.
8. A Niu went back to the house to read Ju Xian's "Chrysanthemum Ballad" carefully, and finally realized its meaning: planting chrysanthemums requires transplanting in March, plucking in April, watering more in May, fertilizing frequently in June, protecting roots in July and August, and hydrangea-shaped chrysanthemums can only be produced in September. A Niu did it according to the instructions of Chrysanthemum Fairy. Later, many branches grew on the old roots of chrysanthemum. He cut off these branches to make cuttings, and then cultivated them according to the saying of "planting chrysanthemums" On the ninth double ninth festival in September of the following year, white chrysanthemums were in full bloom and the fragrance was overflowing.
9. Later, A Niu taught the poor in the village the skills of planting chrysanthemums, and more and more people planted white chrysanthemums in this area. Because A Niu discovered this white chrysanthemum on the ninth day of September, people later called it Chrysanthemum Festival, and formed the custom of enjoying chrysanthemum, eating chrysanthemum tea and drinking chrysanthemum wine. Chrysanthemum morifolium is one of the specialties of Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province, which has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials and improving eyesight.
Extended data:
(A perennial herb of Chrysanthemum in Compositae)
1, chrysanthemum (Latin name: chrysanthemum (Ramat. )Tzvel。 ): In plant taxonomy, it is a perennial herb of Compositae and Chrysanthemum. According to the cultivation form, it can be divided into many cultivation types, such as multi-headed chrysanthemum, single-headed chrysanthemum, dahlia, cliff chrysanthemum, artistic chrysanthemum, desk chrysanthemum and so on. According to the appearance of petals, it can be divided into garden hug, retreat hug, reverse hug, disorderly hug, happy hug, flying hug and other cultivation types. Different types of chrysanthemums are named after different varieties.
2. Chrysanthemum is one of the top ten famous flowers in China, one of the four gentlemen among flowers (Prunus mume) and one of the four cut flowers in the world (chrysanthemum, rose, carnation and gladiolus), with the highest yield. Because chrysanthemums are cold and proud of snow, there is Tao Yuanming's famous sentence, "Pick chrysanthemums under the east fence and see Nanshan leisurely." People in China have the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine on the Double Ninth Festival. Tang Meng's "Passing the Old Village": "Wait until Shan Ye Holiday, I will come back in the chrysanthemum season." In ancient myths and legends, chrysanthemums are also endowed with the meaning of good luck and longevity.
Chrysanthemum is a valuable ornamental flower cultivated by long-term artificial selection. It was introduced to Japan from China as an ornamental chrysanthemum around the eighth century. At the end of 17, Dutch merchants introduced China chrysanthemum to Europe, to France in 18 and to North America in the middle of 19. Since then, chrysanthemums in China have spread all over the world.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-chrysanthemum