Latin scientific name: duckweed.
English names: common duckweed, duckweed
Family name: duckweed family
The thallus is symmetrical, obovate-elliptic or nearly round, 2-5 mm long and 2-3 mm wide, with 3 inconspicuous veins and green on both sides; The root sheath has no appendages, and the top is blunt and round. The fruit is nearly gyro-shaped; Seeds have deep longitudinal veins.
The flowering period is from June to July. Widely distributed in the whole province, it is a common floating plant on the water surface in all provinces of China.
Whole grass can be used as livestock feed.
Category: whole grass
Source: Duckweed or whole grass of Duckweed.
Efficacy: sweating, expelling wind, promoting blood circulation, clearing away heat and toxic materials.
Indications: heat carbuncle, impenetrable macula, wind-heat painful eruption, skin itching, edema, amenorrhea, tinea, erysipelas and scald.
Nature and taste return to meridian: pungent and cold. 1 classic: "pungent, cold." ② Don't record: "Acid, non-toxic." ③ Southern Yunnan herbs: "Cold in nature and bitter in taste." ④ Medical forest editor: "pungent, flat and salty."
Enter the lung meridian. ① Outline: "Entering the Lung Meridian." ② Description of properties of Leigong gun products: "Into lung and small intestine." (3) seeking truth from facts: "human liver and spleen."
Usage and dosage: oral administration: decoction, l ~ 2 yuan (0.5 ~ l); Pour juice or take pills. External use: decoction, fumigation, grinding, coring or application.
Medication should be avoided: ① Materia Medica Classic: "Indications are qi deficiency and spontaneous sweating." (2) "New Materia Medica": "You can't try it lightly unless it is hot." (3) Depei Materia Medica: "Blood deficiency and dry skin, qi deficiency and wind pain, both of which are forbidden."
Other names: Ping (Erya), Horizontal, (Heart Sutra), Duckweed, Algae (Li Guo notes Erya), Duckweed (after elbow), Shuizi, Stachys (not recorded), Xiaopingzi (herb) and Duckweed (duckweed).
Prescription Name: Duckweed and Duckweed
Product name: Ziping: also known as duckweed with purple back. The ventral surface is light green to grayish green, and the dorsal surface is brownish green to purplish brown. The best color is green, purple on the back, dry, complete and free of impurities.
Qingping: also known as duckweed with green back. The ventral and dorsal surfaces of the thallus are green. It is best to be green, dry, complete and free of impurities.
Distribution of animal and plant resources: all over China.
Collection and storage of medicinal materials: fishing from June to September and drying in the sun.
Latin name: duckweed original plant ① duckweed (myogenic record); ② Qingping (the effective prescription of medical treatment in the world) duckweed.
Textual research: from Tang Materia Medica ① Tang Materia Medica: "There are three kinds of duckweed people: the biggest one is named apple; There are Jiangcai in the water, which is similar, and the leaves are round; Small duckweeds on the water control fire sores. " (2) "Materia Medica": "Xiao Pingzi is a ditch. ..... "Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica should be the youngest in cloud level. (3) The duckweed used in Compendium: The herbal medicine is a small duckweed, not a big duckweed. Taosu always makes big mistakes. Ping and Ping sound similar, but the words and shapes are different. There are many duckweeds in the pond, and Ji Chun was born. A leaf stays overnight and gives birth to several leaves. There are tiny whiskers under the leaves, which are its roots. A green back. A person with a blue face and a purple back is called Ziping. Just take the medicine. It was picked in July. Po duckweed, picked in July, cleaned, spread out in the sun with a bamboo screen and reflected in a basin of water, is easy to dry. "4" Materia Medica Seeking Truth ":"Duckweed, burning smoke to repel mosquitoes. But people with qi deficiency should not approach the bus. "
Identification of medicinal materials: microscopic identification: surface view of thallus: the vertical wall of upper epidermal cells is slightly curved, the stomata are uncertain, and there are 5-7 subsidiary cells. The vertical wall of the lower epidermal cells is almost straight, and there is no stomata. The mesophyll cells inside the upper epidermis are polygonal. Some cells contain calcium oxalate cluster crystals with a diameter of 13-30μ m, while others are large and oblong, containing needle-like crystals of calcium oxalate with a length of17-13-30μ m, and the cells near the lower epidermis are ventilated tissues, which are composed of thin-walled cells with large cell gaps.
pharmacological action
1. Diuretic effect: Diuretic components are potassium acetate and potassium chloride.
2. Cardiovascular effect: The water extract of duckweed has cardiotonic effect on the heart of quinine-induced aging frog, which can be enhanced by calcium, and the heart stops in diastolic phase at high dose; It constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure.
3. Antipyretic effect: duckweed soup and granule (2g/kg) were given orally to rabbits with fever caused by typhoid mixed vaccine, which proved to have weak antipyretic effect.
Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine: duckweed contains potassium acetate and potassium chloride "and iodine, Australia and other substances". Qingping contains a large number of water-soluble vitamins such as vitamins B 1, B2 and C, flavonoids such as draft luteolin -7- oral-glucose 2, draft 8- basic luteolin -8-β- glucose 2, iodine, ethanol and other substances. Its polysaccharide is a rich source of D- celery sugar. It also contains resin, wax, graphics, nj6 green, sugar, protein, mucus, jute and so on. The whole grass mainly contains orientin, luteolin -7- monoglucoside, vitexin, cosmosiin and so on. It also contains tannins and lipid compounds. It also contains β-carotene, lutein, potassium acetate and potassium chloride.
Chemical identification of traditional Chinese medicine: take the acetic acid extract of this product, evaporate it to dryness, add distilled water to dissolve it, add a small amount of magnesium powder and 2 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and heat it until it boils and turns orange. (check flavonoids)
comment
(1) is used to treat exogenous wind-heat, measles, and is often combined with Xihe willow, burdock and mint. For wind-heat addiction, it can also be taken orally and externally. Duckweed can clear away heat and promote diuresis, so it is used for edema and exterior heat.
Prescription 1 for fever and sweating: one or two duckweeds, half ephedra (going to the festival to report), half cassia twig and half aconite (going to the navel and peeling). Four things were mashed and sieved. Take two yuan each time, a glass of water, half a cent of ginger, and fry until six points. Take it with me regardless of time. (materia medica)
(2) Treating wind-heat of the skin, causing the whole body to become an addiction rash: Arctium lappa and duckweed are equally divided. Mix two yuan with mint soup twice a day. ("Health Care Essentials")
(3) Treatment of physical deficiency and itching: duckweed costs one dollar, and Ping Huang costs one dollar. Decoct the soup with siwu soup and adjust it. (Danxi Compendium)
4. Treating heat thirst is not limited to Chinese medicine for irritability: duckweed is added with water, washed, dried and tailed, and Chinese medicine milk pills, such as plane tree, are used. Whenever you take it, take porridge for 39 minutes. (Sheng Huifang)
⑤ Treatment of thirst: divide dried duckweed and withered root equally. The first two flavors are the last. Human milk and pills are like dried fruits. Take 20 tablets on an empty stomach for three days. (Qian Jinfang Wan Fuping)
⑥ Heat toxin treatment: Duckweed bags juice and spreads it all over the body. (The Secret Record of Mother and Child)
⑦ Treatment of wind disease with phlegm: 1. Duckweed, picked in March, scoured for three or five times, baked for three or five days, no mouth. Take San Qian with warm wine before eating. In February and July, duckweed with purple back was taken, dried in the sun for half a liter, and scattered in the wind for five or two. Five yuan each time, decocted in water frequently; Let's take a bath with decoction. ("Top Ten Convenient Prescriptions")
⑧ Treatment of carbuncle: appropriate amount of Spiraea, appropriate amount of juice, appropriate amount of root bark powder of Russula (mountain crab), one spoonful. Mix the medicines evenly and apply externally, leaving a hole in the middle. (Selected data of single prescription survey)
9 Treatment of urinary tract obstruction, abdominal distension and water swelling: duckweed on the water, dry fiercely, and finally, take it three times a day. (Dry gold prescription)
Indications for acute nephritis: duckweed two or two, black bean one or two. Decoct with water. (Selected data of new medical methods of Chinese herbal medicines in Inner Mongolia)
1 1. Treatment of eye sores and rashes, unbearable pain and fear of eye injury: Take one or two yuan each time for duckweed with dry in the shade, add half a catty of sheep liver, put it in a pot and stab it with a bamboo stick. Pour half the water, twist the liver juice and take it after meals. (General formula for children's hygiene, duckweed powder)
12. Treatment of sweat spot carbuncle: duckweed with purple back, dried in the sun. Take four or two decoctions in each bath and wipe them with a flat surface. Or you can use two dollars to defend yourself. (pocket square towel)
13. Cure my noodles: the groove is flat, it is the end, and it counts. (Sheng Huifang)
14. To relieve the snake's cough, mash the duckweed and get the juice to drink. ("The Essentials of Pinhui")
15. The nasal treatment boat is not limited to: dry duckweed powder, blown into the nose. (Sheng Huifang)
16. Treatment of pterygium and eye climbing: a little green duckweed, ground, put a little into the brain and stick it on the eyes. (The Good Prescription of Doctors in the World)
Excerpt from China Pharmacopoeia