If you want to know how to protect your ears' hearing, you must first understand what causes deafness and what kinds of deafness there are.
According to the nature of deafness, it can be roughly divided into three types:
1, conductive deafness
2, sensorineural deafness
3. Mixed deafness
First, conductive deafness
Deafness caused by congenital or acquired reasons in the process of sound transmission is called conductive deafness. Common diseases include: congenital malformation of external ear and ear, otitis media, ear trauma, cerumen embolism, otosclerosis and so on.
Second, sensorineural deafness
Due to congenital or acquired reasons, the inner ear is deformed or diseased, which leads to the nerve transmitting auditory signals to the auditory pathway of the brain, thus causing deafness caused by obstacles. Common diseases are: congenital inner ear malformation, drug-induced deafness, viral infection (mumps, etc. ), explosive deafness, noise deafness, sudden deafness, senile deafness, acoustic neuroma, etc. Among them, drug deafness is the most common. For example, the improper use of streptomycin leads to many deaf children.
Third, mixed deafness.
Its characteristic is that the above two kinds of deafness have both characteristics. Common diseases are: otitis media for many years, without systematic treatment, which eventually leads to mixed deafness.
When you know the types of deafness and the causes of deafness, it is easy to understand how to protect your ears.
1. Babies born within 24 hours should be screened for hearing, and infants suspected of hearing impairment should be followed up regularly. Once deafness is diagnosed, early intervention can be carried out.
2. Try to avoid using ototoxic drugs. Such as streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin and chloramphenicol. If necessary, you should also closely observe the changes of hearing. Once tinnitus, squabble and other symptoms appear, you should stop taking the medicine immediately.
3. If the newborn finds that the external ear is deformed after birth, it should go to the otology department of a big hospital for expert consultation.
4. Children with respiratory infection can easily induce otitis media. Once you suffer from otitis media, you should go to the hospital in time to avoid sequelae.
5. There is cerumen embolism in the ear canal, which should be taken out by the doctor who transferred to the hospital.
6. Try not to use or use the Walkman as little as possible, especially if the volume is too high and the noise is very irritating. Long-term use will cause noise deafness.
7. Working in noisy environment for a long time (textile workshop, chainsaw and electric drill, etc.). ), pay attention to wearing protective earmuffs.
8. Stay away from or avoid setting off large fireworks and firecrackers.
9. Don't treat sudden tinnitus and deafness on one side lightly. You should go to the hospital immediately to ask an otologist to see a doctor, so as not to delay the best treatment opportunity and cause lifelong regret!
10. Senile deaf patients should go to a hospital with good conditions for examination, choose appropriate hearing AIDS, and improve their quality of life.
Human ears not only beautify the face, but also have very important physiological functions such as hearing and sense of position (balance). The ear is an auditory organ that receives sound stimulation, and the vestibule and semicircular canal of its inner ear are also balanced organs. The external ear (auricle external auditory canal) plays the role of sound collection, the middle ear (oval window of ossicular chain of tympanic membrane) plays the role of sound transmission, and the inner ear (auditory nerve endings of cochlea) plays the role of sound perception. Lesions in any part of the ear will affect hearing. Hearing function is of great significance for human beings to understand society and transform nature. Through language and voice, they can communicate with each other, exchange ideas, coordinate their work and live together. The auditory system also has the ability to distinguish loudness, tone and sound quality. A skilled worker and driver can judge the operation and failure of the machine by hearing. People can stand at attention, walk, run, ride a bike, dive, skate, and work high above the ground. In daily life, the inner ear balance function plays an important role. If the vestibule is diseased, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, unstable standing and so on may occur. Since the ear has such an important physiological function, we should pay attention to love and protection. How to protect your ears? I put forward the following points for readers' reference.
1. Prevent frostbite and trauma. The eardrums are exposed on both sides of the skull. Except for the earlobe, it is composed of movable cartilage and skin, and the blood supply is poor. Winter and spring and cold areas are prone to ear frostbite, so pay attention to protection. Fighting, car accidents and other accidents, or parents discipline their children, often hit their ears with their hands, resulting in auricle tearing or tympanic membrane perforation. After traumatic tympanic membrane perforation, it is forbidden to wash or drip medicine. Plug the ear hole with a sterile cotton ball and take anti-inflammatory drugs orally. Strict disinfection and aseptic operation must be carried out when piercing needle, cyst puncture or piercing eyes to avoid periostitis.
2. Correct the bad habit of digging ears. There are sebaceous glands, cerumen glands and bristles in the ear canal, often accompanied by germs. Some people like to dig their ears with hairpins, matchsticks and fingers. , causing skin damage to the external auditory canal, and abscess and periostitis are easy to occur after infection. Being hit by others when digging ears is easy to cause tympanic membrane rupture, and otitis media will affect hearing after infection. As the saying goes, "you are not deaf unless you dig your ears" has some truth.
3. Prevent ants, flies and insects from entering ears. When children sleep outdoors in summer, small insects, centipedes, etc. Often mistakenly enter the ear canal. Patients with otitis media have a foul smell in their ears, which is easy to attract flies. They should be guarded and protected by specialized personnel. In case of dripping oil or anesthetic into the ear, let it suffocate and die, then take it out and treat it according to the condition to avoid inflammation and deafness caused by infection.
4. Waterproof and choking during swimming When swimming, after the ear canal is flooded, you can tilt your head to one side and jump a few times, and the water will automatically flow out. When swimming, diving or diving, the nasal cavity coughs and chokes, and enters the middle ear cavity through the eustachian tube, which is easy to cause otitis media. People who have not mastered the essentials of the game had better not do diving and diving, and people with tympanic membrane perforation due to otitis media should be more cautious.
5. The baby feeds and drinks water to prevent coughing and choking. The baby's eustachian tube is short, thick, straight and low. Therefore, feeding and drinking water should not be rushed, and the position of the head should not be too low, otherwise it is easy to cough and choke, and secretions and milk enter the middle ear cavity through the eustachian tube, which is easy to cause infection in the middle ear cavity and affect future hearing.
6. Prevent noise and explosive deafness. People who work in noisy environment for a long time (the noise is greater than 85 decibels) can cause sensorineural deafness; Loud knocking or sudden changes in atmospheric pressure can lead to inner ear damage and deafness. Preventive measures: reduce the intensity of sound source, operate at a distance or outside the barrier, and use muffler, air extractor and sound absorber when possible; You can also wear earplugs to reduce working hours or get rid of noisy environment. Don't stay in noisy environment or where there is loud knocking at the door.
7. Prevention of drug-induced deafness At present, there are at least 90 kinds of people who know that drugs and chemicals can cause deafness. Drug-induced deafness is more common, accounting for only 3% of acquired deafness in the 1950s, 35% in the 1970s, 43% in the early 1990s and 54% in the late 1990s. Common drugs causing deafness include kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin sulfate and neomycin. Especially young children and the infirm are more likely to cause deafness. If drug-induced deafness can be found early and treated actively, some hearing can be restored, but most of them can not be cured in the later stage. Drug-induced deafness is mainly prevention. For young children, the above drugs should be banned or used with caution, and should be used in accordance with the provisions of the Pharmacopoeia in case of emergency, and must not exceed the dose. During the treatment, the children's response to noise should be carefully observed, or objective hearing examination should be done, such as acoustic impedance, auditory evoked potential, cochlear electrogram, auditory brainstem response, otoacoustic emission and so on.
8. Exercise to prevent respiratory diseases. Exercise regularly to enhance resistance and immunity and prevent the occurrence of respiratory diseases. Infectious diseases of upper respiratory tract such as influenza, whooping cough and scarlet fever are easy to induce acute catarrhal otitis media, suppurative otitis media, labyrinthitis and even deafness in severe cases. After the children get the above diseases in the onset season, they should not only actively treat the primary disease, but also pay attention to the hearing situation of the children and go to the hospital for treatment in time.
9. Diseases in any part of the ear that are not treated in time may cause deafness of different degrees and durations, such as cerumen suppository, ear canal abscess, otitis media and sudden deafness. Should be treated in time to minimize hearing loss. Some systemic diseases, such as mumps, meningitis, septicemia, leukemia and aplastic anemia, can damage hearing. Pay attention to hearing protection while treating the primary disease, and go to the otology department for examination and treatment in time.
Following "Eye Love Day" and "Tooth Love Day", it is very correct and important to put forward "Ear Love Day" in recent two years. I hope everyone should protect their ears, let them play their physiological functions with others all their lives, study, work and live happily in the world of sound, and reduce the number of people in the "silent world" to a minimum.