Name of the work: Jiang Nanchun's year of creation: the origin of works in the late Tang Dynasty: Fan Chuan's notes on poetry. Literary genre: Seven-character quatrains Author: Du Mu's theme: original landscape poems, annotated translations, word annotations, vernacular translations, creative background, appreciation of works, overall appreciation, comments by famous artists, influence of works, author's brief introduction, original works: Tang Du Mu's poems and paintings of "Birds Singing in a Thousand Miles in Jiangnan Spring" 65438+. During the Southern Dynasties, there were 4,480 temples, 5 pagodas, 6 misty rains and 7 medium ones. Annotation translation word annotation Academician Zhao Xuanhuang's regular script inscription "Jiangnan Spring" Ti Ying: namely Yingcao Yu Yan. Guo: Outer city. This refers to the town. Wine flag: a small flag hung in front of the door as a sign of a hotel. Southern Dynasties: refers to the regimes of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen that successively confronted the Northern Dynasties. Temple 480: The emperors and bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties built Buddhist temples in Beijing (now Nanjing). According to the biography of Guo Zushen, the official history of South China, there are more than 500 Buddhist temples. The 480 Temple mentioned here is an imaginary number. Loutai: pavilions and pavilions. This refers to the temple architecture. Misty rain: drizzle, like smoke and fog. Birds sing in the south of the Yangtze River, green grass and red flowers set each other off, and wine flags are flying everywhere in the foothills of waterside villages. There are more than 480 ancient temples left over from the Southern Dynasties, and countless terraces are shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain. Creation background In the late Tang Dynasty when Du Mu lived, the Tang Dynasty, as a mansion, was on the verge of collapse, and the separatist regime, the eunuch's authoritarian power and the dispute between Niu and Li were eroding the giant's body bit by bit. On the other hand, after Xian Zong came to power, he was fascinated by his achievements in Pinghuaixi and other places and started the dream of eternal life in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was so worried about Buddhism that Han Yu went to the platform of remonstrating Buddha's bones and almost lost his life. After Xianzong was killed by eunuchs, Mu Zong, Jing Zong and literati preached Buddhism as usual. The increasing number of monks and nuns and the continuous development of the temple economy have greatly weakened the strength of * * * and increased the burden on the country. When Du Mu came to Jiangnan (Jiangyin, Jiangsu) this year, he couldn't help thinking of the piety of the Southern Dynasties, especially the Liang Dynasty. In the end, there was nothing. Not only did he not seek immortality, but he harmed the country and the people by mistake. It is not only a tribute and nostalgia for history, but also a gentle exhortation to the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. Later, Wu Zong made peace and destroyed Buddha, which eased the contradiction to some extent. This is a landscape poem with a good reputation. A small space paints a broad picture. It is not aimed at a specific place, but at the unique scenery of the whole south of the Yangtze River, so it is named "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River". Appreciation of Works The overall appreciation of this song "Jiangnan Spring" has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years. These four poems not only describe the richness of spring scenery in Jiangnan, but also describe its vastness, profundity and confusion. Du Mu's "Jiangnan Spring" (Lin Sanzhi Book) "Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red, and Shuizhaishan fruit wine flags the wind." The beginning of the poem, like a rapidly moving focal plane, swept across the southern land: the vast south of the Yangtze River, orioles singing, green trees reflecting clusters of red flowers; You can see the villages by the water, the battlements by the mountain and the wine flags fluttering in the wind. Charming Jiangnan, moved by the poet's brilliant pen, is even more exciting. In addition to the richness of the scenery, I am afraid it is different from some garden attractions, confined to a corner, but because it is spread over a large area of land. Therefore, if there is no word "a thousand miles" at the beginning, these two sentences will be weak. However, Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty said in Poems of Sheng 'an Temple: "Who can listen thousands of miles away? "Thousands of miles of green, who can see? If you travel ten miles, you will see green and red scenery, village Guo, balcony, monk temple and wine flag. " For this kind of opinion, He Huan Wen once refuted it in Textual Research on Poems of Past Dynasties: "Even if you make ten miles, you may not be able to hear it. The title cloud "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" shows that Wan Li in the south of the Yangtze River is vast, and among the Wan Li, birds are singing and reflecting the green. There are no wine flags everywhere in Shuicun Mountain, and most of the towers of the 480 Hall are in the misty rain. This poem is wide, so it is not allowed to refer to one place, so it is called "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" ... "He's statement is right, which is for the needs of typical generalization of literature and art, and the last two sentences are the same. "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." From the first two sentences, birds are singing, red and green are set against each other, and wine flags are flying. It should have been a sunny scene, but these two sentences are clearly written in misty rain, just because the rain is different everywhere within a thousand miles. But what needs to be seen is that the poet grasped the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery with typical techniques. Jiangnan is characterized by beautiful mountains and rivers, bright flowers, intricate colors, rich levels and strong three-dimensional sense. While reducing thousands of miles to a scale, the poet focused on the colorful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in spring. The first two sentences of the poem are red and green, mountains and rivers, villages and battlements, movements and sounds. But these are not rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of Jiangnan in spring. So the poet added a wonderful stroke: "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." The resplendent and magnificent Buddhist temple has always given people a deep feeling, but now the poet deliberately lets it linger in the misty rain, adding a hazy and blurred color. This kind of picture and color are in harmony with the beautiful scenery of "thousands of miles of warblers singing green and reflecting red, and the wind of national wine flags in water towns and mountains", which makes this picture of Jiangnan Spring more colorful. The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a distant historical color to this picture. "480" is a saying that the Tang people emphasize quantity. The poet first emphasized that there was more than one magnificent Buddhist temple, and then sang with the sigh that "misty rain is coming", which is particularly reverie. Du Mu is especially good at depicting beautiful and moving pictures with just four sentences and twenty-eight characters, presenting profound and beautiful artistic conception, expressing implicit and profound feelings, and giving people the enjoyment of beauty and the enlightenment of thinking. "Jiangnan Spring" reflects that the aesthetics in China's poems and paintings are beyond time and space, indifferent and free and easy, with the thought of "epiphany" of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and more poetic feelings of nostalgia, seclusion and freehand brushwork. There are great differences on whether to use the ancient to satirize the present when appreciating the theme of the quatrains in Jiangnan Spring. Some researchers put forward the "Irony Theory", arguing that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties were famous for Buddhism in the history of China, and that Buddhism in Du Mu's era was also a vicious development, while Du Mu had anti-Buddhism thoughts, so the last two sentences were ironic. Or think that the main idea is to respect Confucianism and exclude Buddhism, and express concern about the rulers' mismanagement of the country and the mistakes of Buddhism and Taoism; Or that the main idea is to satirize the present by borrowing from the past, satirizing the rulers' excessive construction of Buddhist temples will lead to weak national strength, depressed people's livelihood and aggravate social crisis. They think that the poets in the late Tang Dynasty have a feeling of worrying about the country and the people, and there is no lack of irony in aesthetics, and the connotation of poetry is richer. Some researchers disagree. They just think that this poem only depicts the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan and shows the poet's praise and yearning for the scenery of Jiangnan. To understand poetry, we should first start with the artistic image, and should not make abstract inferences. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not mean that he must hate the Buddhist temple architecture left over from history. In Xuanzhou, he often goes to Kaiyuan Temple and other places to play. I have also been to some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks. Famous phrases such as "Clouds on Jiuhuashan Road, Liu Fuqiao on Qingyi River" and "Autumn Mountain and Spring Rain Wandering All over Jiangnan Temple Building" all show that he still appreciates the balcony of the Buddhist temple. The famous expert commented on "The General Comment of the Tang Poetry Pulse Selection Meeting": Zhou Bi is the real connection. Zhou Jing said: General Xiao Li painted landscape figures and fought for corpses. It's really beautiful spring in Jiangnan. Generally speaking, Mu Zhi can use numbers. For example, the four hundred and eighty halls in the Southern Dynasties, Moonlit Night on the Twenty-four Bridges, and Seventy-five Pavilion in Hometown are also the same. Don Yin Wu Qian: Yang Yongxiu wants to change "a thousand miles" to "ten miles". Poetry cares about elephant ears, and "a thousand miles" is not as good as "ten miles" after all. "Don't pick up the gold in Tang poetry": If we say "in the misty rain", there is actually no balcony. You felt the annihilation of the ruins of the Southern Dynasties, but you didn't say it directly. Xu Hun also said: "Birds are green in Xi, Qin Gui, and cicadas are singing in the autumn." Dou is serious: "There are people everywhere in the flute", saying that people no longer exist ... It is better to say that "misty rain is coming" is wonderful than that the terraced fields have been destroyed. "Three-body Poetry Review in Tang Dynasty": With the word "misty rain", spring scenery can be seen, and the ancients worked hard. Express of Tang Poetry: If this poem is painted on a brocade screen, I'm afraid there will be an endless array of twelve fans. The sequel to Tang Xian's Little Samadhi Collection: Color Painting with Words. This style is unique to Fan Chuan. Notes on Tang Poetry in Master Garden: Spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is inexhaustible and concise, which is better than many people. Selected Comments on Ten Thousand Poems of Tang Poetry: Writing twenty-eight characters in spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is really a means for Wu Daozi to paint Jialing landscape in Datong Hall, especially so. Poems of Past Dynasties: "Four hundred and eighty halls", with no scenery, no income and everything, is really a wonder between heaven and earth. The essence of quatrains in Tang Dynasty: According to Yang, it is ridiculous, and he refutes Chu. However, if you say you are a good poet, then a shallow husband is a poet. Unlike later writers, people who wrote ancient poems decided on a topic first and then a poem, mostly after the poem was written. This poem was written by Du Mu while traveling in the south of the Yangtze River. He felt the beauty of the scenery and remembered the heyday of the Southern Dynasties. The word "a thousand miles" is also a generalization of a word, and it is ridiculous to want to hear and see it! As far as the influence of the works is concerned, the History of China Literature edited by You Guoen and the History of China Literature edited by China Academy of Social Sciences both regard this poem as the representative work of Du Mu's poems. Tong Qingbing's Introduction to Literature also interprets this poem as an example of "literary language organization". Author brief introduction Du Mu (803-853), a poet in Tang Dynasty. Mu Zhi, a native of Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi), is the grandson of Prime Minister Du You. In the second year of Taihe (828), he was a scholar. He used to be an observer in Jiangxi, an aide to Niu Xiangu, an observer and an observer in Huainan. He used to be the censor, the secretariat of Huangzhou, Chizhou and Zhou Mu. Later, he became Si Xun's foreign minister, and his official position was in the middle of the book. I think I have the talent to help the world. Most of these poems quote Chen's works. A lyric poem about the scenery is so beautiful and vivid. People call it Xiao Du, and Li Shangyin is collectively called Du Xiaoli, which is different from Li Bai and Du Fu. There are 20 volumes of Collected Works of Fan Chuan handed down from ancient times.