Tai Ji Chuan outlined the creation, evolution and development of i. Tai Ji Chuan.
Tai Ji Chuan is the essence of China Wushu and an important cultural heritage of our country, which has been spread all over the world for hundreds of years. There are still different opinions about who and when Tai Ji Chuan was created. From the focus of various debates, it can be roughly summarized into two views: one view is that Tai Ji Chuan originated in Chenjiagou, wen county, Henan Province, and was created by Chen in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties; One view is that the origin of Tai Ji Chuan should be before this, even can be traced back to the Song and Tang Dynasties, and it only developed after it reached Chenjiagou in wen county, Henan Province in the middle of Qing Dynasty. There is no exact data to prove who created Tai Ji Chuan and when. But it can be concluded that the excellent boxing of Taiji Chuan was not created by one person at a time. According to the needs of the times, it was gradually created and perfected by martial artists of past dynasties through personal practice and continuous exploration.
Although the issue of Tai Ji Chuan's founding is still inconclusive, the context of Tai Ji Chuan's inheritance, evolution and development since Chen Changxing in the middle of Qing Dynasty is relatively clear, and it has also been recognized by Tai Ji Chuan circles. From the middle of Qing Dynasty, Yang Luchan went to Chenjiagou to learn Tai Ji Chuan from Chen Changxing and spread it to Beijing. Only after this, Tai Ji Chuan was recognized by the society and gradually spread, and gradually formed various schools in the subsequent development process. The main schools in Tai Ji Chuan and their characteristics are as follows:
Overview of Tai Ji Chuan
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(1) Biography of Chen Taiji. The Biography of Chen Taiji is the Biography Framework of Chen Chuanshi in Chenjiagou, wen county, Henan. At present, the Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan routine, which is popular in the society, is composed by Chen Changxing (1771-kloc-0/853) and Chen Youben at the same time, and has been handed down from Chen (1600- 1680). After sorting and simplifying, it has been simplified. Have a big fight? ; What is the boxing framework created by Chen Youben? Small frame? Also known as? New framework? . The routine structure and posture style of the two sets of boxing are basically the same, but the boxing methods are different. Chen-style boxing is the oldest kind of boxing among all kinds of Tai Ji Chuan circulating in the society at present. It can be said that Chen Tai Ji Chuan is the source and mother of other Tai Ji Chuan styles. Other Tai Ji Chuan basically evolved and innovated on the basis of Chen's two boxing methods. The main features of Chen Tai Ji Chuan are: low posture, stretching, spiral winding, combining rigidity with flexibility, combining speed with jumping ability, and strong offensive and defensive skills. Due to the differences between teachers and students and the long history, the Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan boxing frame practiced in different places is not the same at present. But its basic characteristics are similar.
(2) Zhao Bao Tai Chi Chuan. Tai Ji Chuan in Zhaobao was created by Chen Qingping (1795- 1868) in Zhaobao Town, wen county. Chen Qingping was originally a descendant of Chen in Chenjiagou. She studied under her uncle Chen Youben. New framework? Boxing, later adopted by his son-in-law, settled in Zhaobao Town. According to her own understanding of boxing, Chen Qingping absorbed the practice methods of other boxers and created a posture different from the original boxing frame, which was called? Where is Zhao? Later generations are also known as Zhao Baotai's biography. Zhaobao Tai Ji Chuan is characterized by its compact posture, natural roundness, integrity, softness and fullness. This boxing framework has not been widely spread. With the development of activities in Tai Ji Chuan after liberation, Zhaobao Tai Ji Chuan was gradually recognized by people and spread rapidly.
③ Biography of Yang Tai Ji. Yang-style Tai Ji Chuan was created by Yang Luchan (1799- 1872), a native of Yongnian, Hebei. Master Yang Lu went to Beijing to teach Tai Ji Chuan after studying in Chen Changxing, a famous Tai Ji Chuan scholar in Chenjiagou, wen county, Henan. According to the needs of the times and society, the original boxing frame is simplified and innovated, and strong technical actions such as jumping, shaking feet and exerting force are removed from the original boxing frame. It was shaped by his sons Yang Banhou and Yang Jianhou and his grandson Yang Chengfu (1883- 1936). Yang-style boxing is characterized by generous stretching, perfect righteousness, softness in moderation, strong connotation and continuous movements. Because it is easy to learn, it has become the most popular Tai Ji Chuan style. The establishment and popularization of Yang-style Tai Ji Chuan marked the transformation of Tai Ji Chuan from attack and defense to physical fitness. At present, there are two main training methods of Yang-style Tai Ji Chuan circulating in the society: one is to turn the load-bearing leg into a virtual step when changing the posture, and then buckle the sole or heel inside or outside according to the needs of boxing; The center of gravity shifts to the load-bearing leg, and the virtual leg can only lift the foot to change steps, so it is called virtual leg conversion; Another training method is that the load-bearing leg is not converted into virtual step, but the sole and heel are directly pulled or swung outward, and the virtual leg can lift the foot to change steps, so it is called real leg conversion. Both exercises have their own advantages, and because of the differences in teachers and self-knowledge, there are many practitioners in both exercises.
(4) The biography of martial arts Taiji. Taiji Chuan was created by Wu Yuxiang (18 12- 1880) in Yongnian, Hebei. Wu Yuxiang first learned boxing from Yang Luchan, and then came to Zhaobao Town to learn boxing from Chen Qingping. After returning to my hometown, after years of careful study, I created a new Tai Ji Chuan style different from other boxing frames. Through the continuous revision and improvement of his descendants Li Yishe (1832- 1892) and Hao Weizhen (1849- 1920), Tai Ji Chuan gradually formed his own martial arts form. Tai Ji Chuan is a kind of martial arts style, which is characterized by compact fist style, slow movement and clear movement sequence. Every trend runs through opening, bearing, turning and closing, with clear steps and no toes. Tai Ji Chuan, a kind of martial arts, was taught on a small scale before liberation, and only became popular after liberation.
(5) Biography of Wutai. Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan was created by Quan You, a Manchu from Daxing, Hebei, and his son Wu (1870- 1942). Quanyou first learned boxing from Yang Luchan, followed by Yang Banhou, the second son of Yang Luchan (1834- 1892). Yang Banhou's biography is a relatively compact boxing frame that his teacher learned from Wu Yuxiang. Quan You is famous for being good at softening. Later, his son Quan Jian inherited this tradition. Because Quan Jian was surnamed Wu in the Han Dynasty, it was renamed Wu Quanjian. After Wu's improvement and arrangement, Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan was formed in his later years. The characteristics of Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan are: compact boxing frame, delicate and smooth, relaxed and natural, good at softening, and widespread. At present, Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan, which is spread all over the world, has a slightly different boxing frame between the north and the south. The south boxing frame is more stretched, and the north boxing frame is more delicate, each with its own strengths.
(6) Biography of Sun Tai. Sun-style Tai Ji Chuan was created by Sun Lutang in Wanxian County, Hebei Province (1860- 1933). Sun Lutang loved martial arts since childhood and was proficient in Xingyiquan and Bagua Palm. He was a generation of martial arts experts, and later he studied Tai Ji Chuan under Hao Weizhen. He combined three boxing methods, namely, form and meaning, gossip and Tai Chi, and created a unique Sun-style Tai Ji Chuan. The characteristics of Sun-style Tai Ji Chuan are: compact fist style, flexible frame height, lightness and agility, and natural opening and closing; Step forward and backward, step with, step backward, turn around and open and close, so it's also called? Open and close? Tai Chi Chuan. Because Sun-style Tai Ji Chuan stands slightly higher and moves slowly, it is more suitable for middle-aged and elderly Tai Ji Chuan fans to practice.
1956 The State Sports Commission organized Tai Ji Chuan famous artists to compile and publish a simplified 24-style Tai Ji Chuan on the basis of Yang-style Tai Ji Chuan routine, and 1957 compiled and published an 88-style Tai Ji Chuan, which played a great role in the popularization of Tai Ji Chuan. 1978 edited and published the 48-style Tai Ji Chuan, and 1989 launched the 42-style Tai Ji Chuan competition routine. These two sets of Tai Ji Chuan routines are based on the framework of Yang-style Tai Ji Chuan, absorbing some movements of other schools. Therefore, it is also called Tai Ji Chuan comprehensive routine, which actively tries and explores the integration of training methods of various schools in Tai Ji Chuan. Since then, around 1998, China Wushu Research Institute has organized famous Tai Ji Chuan artists from all over the country, and successively arranged and launched five schools of competition routines: Chen, Yang, Wu, Wu and Sun. Through these fruitful efforts, the popularization of the National Tai Ji Chuan Movement and the improvement of the sports level have been effectively promoted.
In addition to the above five schools of Tai Ji Chuan, there are other schools of Tai Ji Chuan circulating in the society at present. Such as Tai Ji Chuan by Li, Tai Ji Chuan by Wu Junshan, Tai Ji Chuan by Chu Guiting, Tai Ji Chuan, Wudang Tai Ji Chuan, Tai Ji Chuan by Guan Yongnian, Hong Chen's Tai Ji Chuan Practical Boxing (now known as Hong Tai Ji Chuan) and mental Taijiquan. These Tai Ji Chuan scholars have actively explored and made unremitting efforts for the innovation and development of Tai Ji Chuan, and made valuable contributions.
In short, looking at the historical process of Tai Ji Chuan's emergence, evolution and development, it can be said that Tai Ji Chuan of various styles and schools is the same clan, the same reason and the same stream. They were gradually formed in the long development history of Tai Ji Chuan according to the development of the times and people's needs. It is all kinds of schools that learn from each other, absorb each other, promote each other, learn from each other's strong points, promote the vigorous development of Tai Ji Chuan's cause, and make the Tai Ji Chuan Movement keep pace with the times, develop vigorously, go abroad and go to the world. That kind? Is it just me? 、? Only I am authentic? Even the idea and practice of rejecting and belittling other boxing is very wrong.
Overview of Tai Ji Chuan II. Analysis of Tai Ji Chuan's Boxing Theory
The so-called Tai Ji Chuan Boxing Theory is the inherent law and law of Tai Ji Chuan's movement. It is the basic principle and principle that guides Tai Ji Chuan's movement, and it is the guiding ideology that must be mastered and implemented when studying and practicing Tai Ji Chuan. Although Tai Ji Chuan is a martial art, his boxing theory and methods are full of the connotation of China traditional culture and rich classical philosophy. Only by studying, understanding and mastering these basic theories, can we be rational, well-founded and disciplined when we engage in the Tai Ji Chuan movement, and can we step into the hall of the Tai Ji Chuan movement and reach the peak of the Tai Ji Chuan movement.
( 1)? Tai Chi? Theory is the theoretical basis of Tai Ji Chuan's movement.
Tai Ji Chuan's predecessors named this boxing as? Tai Chi Chuan? This shows that this boxing is based on? Tai Chi? The reason is dominant, reflecting? Tai Chi? The basic theoretical connotation of. Therefore, if you want to learn and master Tai Ji Chuan's boxing theory, you must first understand it? Tai Chi? Meaning. Although we are not specialized researchers in this field, it is impossible to have more time and energy to do this research. But as a fan of Tai Ji Chuan sports, crossing is right? Tai Chi? It is necessary to understand the connotation theory, so as to inspire us to understand and grasp the laws of Tai Ji Chuan's movement from the basic principles.
? Tai Chi? It is an important philosophical term in ancient China. What it expresses and reveals is the basic law about the existence, development and change motivation of all things in nature and even human society. ? Tai Chi? The word "Yi Zhuan" originated from Confucius' Zhouyi Zhuan. Confucius said in Yi Zhuan:? Yi has Tai Chi, is it two instruments? . In terms of meaning alone, Also? This word is made up of a? Big? With one? 、? Composed of; (? 、? It means small), so? Also? There are big and small words; ? Extreme? What does that mean? Infinite, infinite? So put them together? Tai Chi? Infinite and infinitesimal; Is it big enough? What's the big deal? Small? Is it small? Is this Tai Chi? . Our ancestors made it easy for people to understand? Tai Chi? The meaning and connotation of, specially? Tai Chi? Draw an elephant. so this is it？ Tai Chi map? (see figure 1). If we carefully observe this image, we can understand and experience it very intuitively? Tai Chi? The connotation of some basic principles, so as to realize some basic laws and rules that Tai Ji Chuan Movement should master.
1、? Tai Chi? It is round. We saw it? Tai Chi map? What was your first impression? Tai Chi? It is round. Moreover, we need to understand that this circle is not just a plane circle, but an all-round three-dimensional circle. Well, why use a circle to describe it? Tai Chi? Instead of using other forms? One of the important reasons is that in nature, only round things are the easiest to change around. Therefore, according to this principle, people make things that need flexible rotation in daily production and life into circles. For example, the wheels of vehicles and all kinds of balls in sports are round or spherical. If it is made into other shapes, it cannot be flexibly changed and rotated.