We should focus on the prevention and control of infectious diseases such as measles and flu. May to 165438+ 10 is the high season of contact-borne diseases such as intestinal infectious diseases and mosquito-borne diseases. We should focus on the prevention and control of hand, foot and mouth disease, cholera, hepatitis A and other infectious diseases and food poisoning.
1. How are intestinal infectious diseases caused?
Intestinal infection refers to a kind of disease in which various pathogens invade the intestine through oral cavity and can be excreted from feces. Most of its pathogens are excreted with the feces of patients or carriers. If left untreated, they will pollute the surrounding environment and be infected by water, food, hands, flies, cockroaches and other media. Epidemic areas: areas with high temperature, high humidity, high rainfall, poor economic conditions, backward sanitation facilities and poor drinking water and environmental sanitation conditions have higher incidence rates and are more likely to cause epidemics or outbreaks.
Vulnerable people: people who lack health knowledge and have poor personal hygiene habits, such as floating population and remote and poor rural residents.
Second, what are the clinical manifestations of common intestinal infectious diseases?
1, cholera: severe diarrhea and vomiting, severe shock may be complicated with acute renal failure. There are also some mild patients with only mild diarrhea.
2. Hepatitis A: There are generally four stages in the onset process, and the symptoms in each stage are different:
(1), incubation period: the symptoms are not obvious;
(2) Precursor symptom stage: onset is acute, with chills, fever, general weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, liver pain, diarrhea, urine color gradually deepening, and then like strong tea;
(3) Jaundice stage: the symptoms can be improved, and the fever is reduced, but the urine color continues to deepen, and the sclera and skin appear yellow staining, reaching a peak in about 2 weeks.
(4) Recovery period: jaundice gradually reduced, symptoms alleviated or even disappeared, liver and spleen retracted, and liver function gradually returned to normal.
Hand, foot and mouth disease: sudden onset, high fever, accompanied by headache, cough, runny nose and other symptoms. 1-2 days after fever, small herpes similar to chicken pox appeared on the skin of hands, feet or oral mucosa, and children often had discomfort symptoms such as irritability, crying, drooling and not eating.
Third, how to prevent intestinal infectious diseases?
1, drink boiled water;
Pay attention to drinking water hygiene, do not drink raw water, ensure safe drinking water in popular season, and be sure to drink boiled water.
2, eat cooked food:
Don't eat spoiled food, especially don't eat raw or half-eaten seafood and aquatic products. Food (including meat, fish, vegetables, etc. ) Cook thoroughly before eating. After eating the leftover food and separated food, you should reheat it thoroughly before eating. When traveling, traveling or working, you should choose hotels with good sanitary conditions to eat, and try to eat less cold dishes. It is best not to eat at roadside open-air food stalls with "three noes" (no business license, no hygiene license and no health check-up certificate). Store raw and cooked food at home separately. Keep the environment clean and eliminate flies.
Step 3 wash your hands often
Consciously pay attention to personal hygiene, wash your hands before and after meals and after handling raw food, and wash your hands repeatedly with tap water containing soap. Adjust the diet reasonably, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, and ensure adequate sleep to improve the body's immunity to diseases.
Fourth, what are the requirements of "disease prevention" for our daily management:
1, actively exercise, improve physical fitness, resistance and immunity, do two exercises and one lesson well, and improve the quality of exercise.
2. Do not buy unclean food from street stalls, do not eat and refuse "three noes" and expired food, and pay attention to food safety.
3. Maintain indoor and outdoor hygiene, ventilate the classroom, clean the classroom regularly once a week, pay attention to personal hygiene and develop good hygiene habits.
4. Take out the garbage in time every morning to prevent the garbage from rotting and stinking, affecting the air quality and bringing germs. Perishable foods such as peels must be treated in time.
5. At the same time, disinfect the canteen, bathroom and classroom.
6. Do a good job of mutual supervision and exhortation between classmates.
How are respiratory diseases caused?
Respiratory infectious diseases refer to infectious diseases caused by pathogens invading from human nose, throat, trachea and bronchus. The respiratory tract is connected with the outside world, and it is more likely to be attacked by various pathogens, leading to the occurrence of respiratory infectious diseases. Winter and spring are the high incidence seasons of respiratory infectious diseases, and sudden weather changes are also prone to disease. Children, the elderly, the infirm, patients with malnutrition or chronic diseases, overworked people and people with high mental stress are prone to respiratory infectious diseases. Common respiratory infectious diseases are mainly transmitted by droplets, but also by direct close contact or indirect contact.
What are the main clinical manifestations of common respiratory infectious diseases?
Influenza: generally manifested as acute onset, with obvious symptoms of systemic poisoning such as fever, fatigue, headache and general aches, and mild respiratory symptoms such as cough and runny nose.
Measles: fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctival congestion, oral mucosa with measles mucosal spots and skin maculopapules.
Chickenpox: systemic symptoms are mild, skin and mucosa appear in batches, and rapidly develop into spots, papules, blisters and scabs.
Rubella: The clinical manifestations are low fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes behind ears and occipital region.
Meningitis: The main manifestations are sudden high fever, severe headache, frequent vomiting, ecchymosis of skin and mucosa, irritability, stiff neck, mental disorder and convulsion.
Mumps: Acute swelling and pain of parotid gland, accompanied by fever and general malaise.
Tuberculosis: It is a chronic infectious disease, mainly characterized by fever, night sweats and general malaise.
And cough, expectoration, hemoptysis, chest pain, dyspnea, etc.
How to prevent respiratory infectious diseases?
1, develop good hygiene habits, do not spit everywhere, and wash your hands frequently.
2. Keep good living habits, drink plenty of water, don't smoke or drink.
3, often open the window for ventilation, keep the indoor air fresh and the surrounding environment clean.
4. Exercise regularly, keep a balanced diet and pay attention to the combination of work and rest.
5. Increase or decrease clothes in time according to weather changes to avoid catching cold.
6. Try to avoid going to crowded public places.
7. If you have symptoms such as fever and cough, you should go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time.
8. Don't buy and take certain drugs by yourself, and don't abuse antibiotics.
9. Teenagers can get targeted vaccination under the guidance of doctors.
Eight, the motto about health:
A healthy body is the living room of the soul, and a sick body is the prison of the soul. bacon
Health is certainly more valuable than money, because we get money by health. Johnson (UK)
Human happiness can only be based on physical health and spiritual peace. Owen (UK)
A weak body can never cultivate a vibrant soul and wisdom. Rousseau (France)
Health is a condition of wisdom and a sign of happiness. Emerson (USA)