Laozi's Tao Te Ching is about wisdom, which is both profound and mysterious, and approachable at the same time, because this wisdom is everything, and everything is wisdom, too much and too big, so mysterious, too wide and too thin, so approachable. The Tao Te Ching not only talks about morality, but the greatest morality in the Tao Te Ching is to use nature on the premise of respecting it, so naturally, nothing can be done.
Zhuangzi's "Zhuangzi" is about a human heart, putting the profound wisdom of Taoism on a human heart. Laozi was in direct contact with wisdom, and Zhuangzi added a human perspective in this contact, attaching importance to both wisdom and human heart. Xiaoyao is the product of the combination of Taoist wisdom and human heart. This shows that the eyes of Taoist wisdom have changed from paying attention to the universe and everything in the world to paying attention to their inner self, adding human touch to mysterious wisdom, because there is happiness in it, and the soul feels the existence of wisdom in contact, and then combines with wisdom. Doing nothing is doing something.
There is no perspective of human heart in Laozi, but it is completely integrated with wisdom, but it contains human heart, but this human heart is the heart of wisdom and does not surpass wisdom. Without the diversified structure of joys and sorrows in Zhuangzi, wisdom already contains joys and sorrows, which naturally happens.
Question 2: What faction does Laozi belong to? What works does he have? Laozi, surnamed Li, was the founder of Taoism. He wrote Tao Te Ching, which is divided into Tao Te Ching and Tao Te Ching. This is a good work. People often say that Tao gives birth to one, life to two, life to three, and life to all things.
Question 3: Regarding the version of Laozi, five points were classified after Laozi wrote the Tao Te Ching. You're asking Lao Tzu's version.
Then only what I wrote is the version you said, such as Biography of Laozi and Laozi.
The "interpretation of moral truth" and "interpretation of moral truth" you mentioned can only be regarded as a collection of different names of Laozi's works. This is not a version.
(* _ _ *) Hee hee ... If you are satisfied with my answer, please accept it ... Thank you!
Question 4: Information about Laozi is urgent in 50 words. Lao Tzu's surname is Li Minger and his first name is Bai Yang. Huaxia nationality, a native of Qurenli, Li Xiang, an ancient county of Chu, [1] lived 57 1 to 47 1 years ago. He was a great philosopher, thinker and founder of Taoist school in ancient China, and was honored as the ancestor of Li by the emperor of Tang Dynasty. Laozi is a world cultural celebrity and one of the world's 100 historical celebrities, including Tao Te Ching (also known as Laozi). The essence of his works is simple dialectics, which advocates inaction, and his theory has a far-reaching impact on the development of China's philosophy. In Taoism, Laozi is regarded as the ancestor of Taoism. Lao Zi and later Zhuangzi were also called Zhuang Zi.
Question 5: Lao Tzu's works were cautious from beginning to end, so he didn't fail. What should we do if the levee of a thousand miles collapses in the ant nest?
Question 6: What kind of person was Laozi in ancient China? He was a great philosopher and thinker in ancient China and the founder of Taoist school. He was later named an old gentleman, a world cultural celebrity and one of the world's top 100 historical celebrities by Emperor Wu of the Tang Dynasty. There is the Tao Te Ching (also known as Laozi) in the world. The essence of his works is simple dialectical method, which advocates inaction. His theory has a far-reaching impact on the development of China's philosophy. In Taoism, Laozi is regarded as the ancestor of Taoism.
Chinese name: Li Er.
Alias: Lao Dan
Nationality: China (Spring and Autumn? Chu)
Ethnic group: Huaxia ethnic group
Birthplace: Guxian (now Lu Yi, Henan, Yang Guo, Anhui)
Date of birth: about 57 1 year ago.
Date of death: 47 1 year ago.
Main achievements: founder of Taoist school
dialectical thinking
Representative works: Tao Te Ching
catalogue
outline
Laozi's works
Lao Tzu said that Lao Tzu was born.
Zhong Kui and Laozi
Laozi's philosophy
The anecdote of Laozi was born.
A clever boy
Go to school for a week
Confucius asked for gifts.
Talking about life and death
Hangu writes books.
Huadian Yangzi ju
On health-preserving classics
Re-awarded to Kong Qiu
I'm out of customs.
The death of a saint
Laozi's descendants
Laozi culture
Taoist Laozi
Introduction to publishing photo albums
Laozi's works
Lao Tzu said that Lao Tzu was born.
Zhong Kui and Laozi
Laozi's philosophy
The anecdote of Laozi was born.
A clever boy
Go to school for a week
Confucius asked for gifts.
Talking about life and death
Hangu writes books.
Huadian Yangzi ju
On health-preserving classics
Re-awarded to Kong Qiu
I'm out of customs.
The death of a saint
Laozi's descendants
Laozi culture
Taoist Laozi
Post a photo album and edit the introduction of this paragraph.
Li Er [1] (about 57 1 ~ 47 1), also known as (dān), was born in Qurenli, Kuxian County, Chu (Anhui, Henan). The greatest philosopher in ancient China and the standard image of Laozi.
One of homesickness, revered by Taoism as the ancestor and a world cultural celebrity. Later people called it "Laozi" (the pronunciation of the word "Lao" is the same as that of the word "Li" in ancient times). Historical records? The third biography of Lao Zi Han Fei: "Lao Zi is also from Qurenli, Li Xiang, Chuku County. Last name is Li, first name is Er, and the word is Bo Yang. Zhou Shoucang Shi also. " According to: ① Inscription in "Laozi" in Bianshao, Eastern Han Dynasty: "Laozi, surnamed Li, named Bo Yang, is also from Chuxiang County. ..... Xiang County is empty and barren, and now it is miserable, so the old city is still there. It is in the east of Lai Xiang, and the whirlpool is in the sun. " Notes on Water Classics (Volume XXIII): "Vortex water turns east again, so Jingxiang County is in the south of the city." (2) In the first year of Yongxing, Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he ordered to say on the tablet in Changsha: "I was born in a winding whirlpool." Cao Pi mentioned the meandering vortex in Ode to the Vortex: "The shady trees are facing the meandering vortex, and the breeze raises water to increase waves." (3) Jin's Biography of Immortals contains "(Laozi) is pregnant with a big meteor." "Ming Yi Tongzhi" contains: "Meteor Garden, in the south of Tianjing Palace in Bozhou, is engraved with a cloud: a star suddenly flows in the garden, so I was born, that's all. There is Notre Dame de Yuan Dynasty, and the site is still there. Laozi lived in the Spring and Autumn Period and served as a Tibetan room in Luoyi, the capital of the Zhou Dynasty. He is knowledgeable and versatile. Confucius asked Laozi when he traveled around the world. In his later years, Lao Zi took a journey to the west by a young ox and wrote a 5,000-word Tao Te Ching (also known as the True Classic of Morality or Lao Zi or Lao Zi's 5,000 Articles) in Hanguguan. According to legend, Lao Tzu transferred Yin, the company commander of Hanguguan. After crossing the first road, I went west to T, where I saw the mountains and rivers (Tianyu River in Zhong Nanshan) and the rolling peaks, and stopped here to build grass for the building to practice the scriptures. Spread to this day, it is called Louguantai. It is the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, national AAAA-level tourist scenic spots, and contains more than 300 inkstones of scholars and poets in past dynasties. History is called the birthplace of Taoism. Lao Tzu was buried in Xilouguan, eight kilometers away from here, and the existing Lao Tzu's tomb. Some dialectical materialists believe that Tao Te Ching contains rich dialectical thoughts. Laozi's philosophy and ancient Greek philosophy together constitute the two sources of human philosophy, and Laozi is honored as "the father of China's philosophy" because of his profound philosophical thoughts. Laozi's thought was passed down by Zhuangzi, and together with Confucianism and later Buddhism, it formed the core of China's traditional thought and culture. After the appearance of Taoism, Laozi was honored as "the old gentleman on the throne", and Taoism called him the eighteenth incarnation of the old gentleman on the throne; From the biography of the immortal, Lao Tzu has been honored as a fairy. Tao Te Ching has more than 1000 foreign language versions, which is the most translated book in China. Laozi's ideological proposition is inaction, and the ideal political realm is "neighboring countries look at each other, the voices of chickens and dogs hear each other, and the people are miserable until they die." "Laozi takes Tao" >>
Question 7: From what aspects can we know that Laozi's Tao Te Ching is a philosophical work of Laozi (Li Er) in the Spring and Autumn Period and an important source of Taoist philosophy? Tao Te Ching is divided into two parts. The first part of the original text is the Tao Te Ching, and the second part is the Tao Te Ching, without chapters. Later, it was changed to the Tao Te Ching in the first 37 chapters, and the Tao Te Ching in the last 38 chapters, divided into 8 1 chapters. Tao Te Ching can be grasped from the following aspects:
1, grasp from the theme:
The theme of Tao Te Ching: Taoism is natural. "Taoism is natural" is the essence of Laozi's thought in Tao Te Ching. As the most abstract concept category in Tao Te Ching, "Tao" is the source of power to create everything in the world. "Virtue" is the development and expression of "Tao" in the field of ethics. "Tao" and "law" have similarities in rules and common sense, but they are different from western natural law. "Law" should imitate the way of nature and play a role in the reverse transformation of syndrome differentiation. Philosophically, "Tao" is the mother of the beginning of all things in heaven and earth, the unity of opposites of Yin and Yang is the essential embodiment of all things, and the extremes of things are the law of the evolution of all things. Ethically, Laozi advocates simplicity, selflessness, serenity, humility, gentleness, weakness and indifference. Politically, Lao Tzu advocates doing nothing at home, not disturbing the people, living in peace with foreign countries and opposing war and violence. These three levels constitute the theme of Tao Te Ching, and at the same time make the book go through the logical level of "physics to philosophy to ethics to politics", from the way of nature to the virtue of ethics, and finally settle in the idea and governance of ideal politics. That is, looking for the bright right path to the ideal social order from the natural order.
2. Grasp from the literary characteristics:
The language of Tao Te Ching is very artistic, and various rhetorical methods are used to make the text accurate, vivid, well-founded and infectious. Extensive use of antithesis, metaphor, parallelism, rhetorical questions, couplet beads. The use of these rhetorical love techniques has enhanced the image of language and deepened the impression of readers; Make the article closely structured and better reflect the organic connection of things; Language ups and downs, gripping, played a striking and thoughtful effect.
3. Grasp from the creative background:
Laozi was born in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. At that time, the environment was weak in the Zhou Dynasty, and various governors constantly competed for hegemony. The violent turmoil and changes made Lao Tzu witness the sufferings of the people, which was regarded as the Tibetan history of the Zhou Dynasty, so he put forward a series of thoughts on governing the country and protecting the people.
Yin Zhen's guarding of Hanguguan also played a great role in the compilation of Tao Te Ching. When he was young, he was fond of astronomy, reading ancient books, and had a profound cultivation. Yin moved Lao Tzu, who traced his life experience, the success or failure of the dynasty and the safety of the people, and wrote two books, Tao Te Ching, with five thousand words.
4, grasp from the content:
The text takes "virtue" in the philosophical sense as the key link, and discusses the ways of self-cultivation, governing the country, using troops and keeping in good health, but most of them focus on politics. It is the so-called "inner sage and outer king" theory, which has profound meaning and is inclusive.
Question 8: When was Laozi called Tao Te Ching? The first old-school work was He Shanggong of the Western Han Dynasty, and his work was called Laozi's Tao Te Ching Chapters.
Question 9: What are the views of Confucius and Laozi? The central concept of Laozi's philosophy is Tao, and his whole philosophical system is developed from his preset Tao. Metaphysical Tao is beyond our direct reach. If this metaphysical Tao has nothing to do with life, then it is just an empty concept. However, Laozi's philosophy has a strong metaphysical color, but he is most concerned about life and politics. Therefore, Tao must be realized in the world of experience. Laozi believes that all concepts such as nature, inaction and powerlessness are the basic characteristics and spirit of Tao. Among them, the concept of inaction has become the central idea of Laozi, and other important concepts are all around this concept.
Laozi lives in an era of chaos and feudalism. Rulers are arrogant, greedy and indulgent, which violates the laws of nature and society, that is, promising. The harm I saw was very serious. He said: people's hunger, with more taxes on it, is hunger: people are difficult to treat, and it is also difficult to treat with it. In the seventy-fifth chapter of Lao Zi Zhu Shu, the following original quotations are all from this book, so only the chapters are indicated. The people are hungry and cold because the rulers levy too many miscellaneous taxes, and the disaster of the old name is constantly because the rulers are arbitrary and violate the law and discipline. Laozi criticized the rulers at that time for living an increasingly luxurious life regardless of the people's lives. He said: "The imperial dynasty was very extravagant, the fields were very rough, the warehouses were very empty, the literary talents were presented, the swords were worn, the food was disgusting, and the goods were surplus. This was stealing and boasting." (Chapter 53) These words reveal the foul smell of wine and meat and the injustice of frozen bones on the road. Rulers enrich themselves by invading the public and live in luxury. They are fed up with expensive clothes, expensive swords, delicious food, and mountains of money and goods, while farmers are barren in the countryside, with empty warehouses and no food for the night at home. This kind of situation, Lao tze see in the eye, how can you not sigh? No wonder he said angrily, this is simply a bandit leader.
Lao Tzu saw that the rulers at that time were incompetent, but he was overjoyed and arrogant. As a result, the people were in trouble, wasting people's money, and it never rains but pours. In this case, Lao Tzu strongly appeals to the rulers to rule by doing nothing for those in power, and not to interfere too much in people's lives. Governing by doing nothing originally came from Confucius. What is the smoothness of governing by doing nothing? "The Analects of Confucius, Wei Linggong XV") But in Laozi's philosophy, the idea of governing by doing nothing has become a system. Laozi said: I do nothing and the people are self-motivated, I am quiet and the people are self-righteous, I do nothing and the people are rich, I have no desire and the people are simple. "Chapter 57" was put forward against the harassment of rulers; "Nothing" is put forward against the tyranny of rulers; There is no desire to oppose the greed of the rulers. Laozi believes that politicians should be able to govern by doing nothing, manage without interference, and have a monarch without oppression: a monarch should learn the true nature of water, make meritorious deeds without claiming to be self-sufficient, live frugally, manage daily life without being greedy for pleasure, and govern the country according to social laws and the trend of the times. Once formulated and promulgated, it will not be easily changed, so that all people can transform themselves under the promulgated * * *.
Laozi's inaction is not doing nothing, not doing nothing, but reckless, conforming to the objective situation and respecting the laws of nature. Some people think that inaction means doing nothing, waiting passively, and just letting fate take its course, which is really a misunderstanding of Laozi's original intention. Laozi said: Do whatever you want (Chapter 48), which means that if you don't do whatever you want, you will accomplish nothing. Here, inaction is an attitude and method of dealing with the world. q......& gt& gt