Hypertension is a high-incidence disease in the world. In China, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the incidence of hypertension is also on the rise. The following is what I collected for you. Welcome to read the reference!

1 Talking about the nursing of elderly patients with hypertension

Abstract: Hypertension is a global chronic disease, and the rehabilitation nursing of elderly patients with hypertension is a long-term work. It requires nurses not only to have relevant theoretical knowledge and corresponding clinical experience, but also to play the role of educators, strengthen nurse-patient communication, carry out health education, and promote the early recovery of elderly patients with hypertension.

Keywords: hypertension clinical nursing psychological nursing

Hypertension is a common and frequently-occurring disease in middle-aged and elderly people, and it is the most important risk factor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and it has an increasing trend year by year. According to the report of the World Health Organization, the prevalence of hypertension in the elderly over 60 years old in China is as high as 40%-60%. If not treated in time, it will often lead to stroke, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and heart failure, and it will also complicate and promote the damage of target organs such as brain and kidney, and even cause disability or sudden death. With the continuous development of society, people put forward higher requirements for the rehabilitation, diagnosis and nursing of hypertension in the elderly with high incidence. The author analyzes the reasonable nursing methods of clinical nursing for elderly patients with hypertension, and now reports as follows.

1, psychological nursing

Etiology: Under long-term mental stress, stress, constipation, emotional excitement, great joy and great sorrow, anxiety or long-term environmental noise, the release of catecholamine in the body will increase, blood pressure will increase and heart rate will accelerate, thus aggravating the condition. Because the elderly have poor self-control ability, they are easy to be impatient and emotional, which leads to an increase in blood pressure. Nurses need to master patients' living habits, personality and family situation, and give psychological health education and guidance to different groups of people. For patients with mental stress, anxiety, irritability and other negative emotions, psychological care such as comfort and explanation should be given according to specific conditions, and patients should be taught to master certain psychological emergency methods, learn self-psychological counseling and adjustment, improve their psychological endurance, and maintain a good psychological state. By giving health care manuals, magazines, introducing patients with the same disease, etc. Changing patients from cooperative treatment to active participation in treatment is helpful to establish confidence in overcoming the disease and improve the treatment effect.

2. Health knowledge guidance

Strengthen health education, including the risk factors of hypertension, the treatment of complications, medication precautions and adverse reactions. Personalized health knowledge education, demonstration and guidance should be given to patients' families, and the basic knowledge of hypertension prevention and treatment should be introduced to them according to their cultural background, customs and habits, so as to help them establish a knowledge system related to hypertension, so that patients and their families can fully realize the harm of bad living habits and actively establish scientific living habits. Encourage and guide patients and their families to actively participate in learning, master the skills of self-care, self-care and self-management, achieve self-control of blood pressure, and regularly check the functions of heart, brain, kidney and other organs and fundus conditions. Adhere to long-term rational drug use according to the condition, so as to reduce and delay the occurrence and development of complications, improve patients' ability to maintain their own health and promote the improvement of their quality of life.

3, a reasonable diet, keep the stool unobstructed, prevent constipation.

Reasonable diet is the basis of hypertension treatment, which is of great significance to control the disease and prevent the occurrence and development of its complications. In principle, the diet should be low in salt, fat and cholesterol, and it is advisable to eat less and eat more meals, mainly with high vitamins. In life, people often ignore the influence of how much salt they eat on their health. In fact, the amount of salt is closely related to our health. Patients with hypertension should limit the amount of salt to 3 ~ 5g ∕ d. Excessive intake of sodium salt will lead to retention of sodium ions and water in the body, increase blood volume and extracellular fluid, increase cardiac blood volume, ventricular filling volume and cardiac output, and thus increase blood pressure. Food should be diversified, mainly cereals, and coarse grains, freshwater fish, bean products, poultry, lean meat and low-fat milk, such as celery, Chinese cabbage, tomatoes, black fungus, mushrooms, hawthorn, apples and other fresh vegetables and fruit foods with health care functions. Avoid overeating, drink plenty of water, quit smoking and drinking, and keep the stool unobstructed.

4. Exercise and rest care

Intense exercise causes abnormal excitement of sympathetic nerve, which leads to a sharp increase in blood pressure and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents. Therefore, the elderly should actively and appropriately participate in aerobic exercise, combine the changes of blood pressure and consciousness symptoms, choose the appropriate exercise mode and intensity, and do what they can. Walking, jogging, playing Tai Ji Chuan, relaxation therapy and other exercise methods can promote blood circulation and enhance the body's resistance. Avoid * * * mutations. In the morning, the sympathetic nerve is in an exciting period, and blood pressure fluctuates easily. Therefore, patients should wake up slowly, wake up for a while first, and then get up step by step to prevent the sudden drop of blood supply to the brain from causing fainting and falling. Don't stand for too long after taking the medicine, because standing for a long time will dilate the blood vessels in the legs, accumulate blood in the lower limbs and reduce the blood flow in the brain; Avoid taking a bath or steam bath with overheated water to prevent syncope caused by peripheral vasodilation. Patients can be allowed to do moderate housework and encouraged to participate in social activities, such as cultivating personal hobbies according to their own tastes, such as calligraphy, planting flowers and raising birds. And guide them to make a personalized schedule, get enough sleep and keep the balance between exercise and rest.

5, drug care

There are many kinds of drugs for treating hypertension in clinic, and the key is to take them on time, in quantity and in combination for life. According to the principle of individualization, rational drug use, dosage control and slow blood pressure reduction, that is, starting from a small dose, gradually increasing, and then gradually decreasing after the condition is stable. You can't think that you can stop taking medicine after your blood pressure drops to normal. You should get in touch with your doctor in time and ask him to adjust the medication and dosage to prevent the sudden increase of blood pressure after stopping taking medicine, which will lead to repeated illness. Because the elderly often suffer from arteriosclerosis of heart, brain, kidney and other organs, the overall circulation regulation function of the body is poor, the overall fluid volume of the body is reduced, and excessive hypotension is prone to occur during treatment, so it is necessary to balance the internal environment of the machine. In addition, patients and their families should be informed of the precautions and adverse reactions of drugs taken so as to take corresponding preventive measures.

Step 6 discuss

Hypertension is divided into primary and secondary. WTO standard for senile hypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure * * or * * at rest ≥90 mmHg for people over 60 years old. Elderly hypertensive patients are important risk factors for common metabolic disorders and atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Active prevention and treatment of hypertension is an important link in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Effective nursing guidance should be given to patients, and hypertension inducing factors should be avoided as much as possible, so it is better to cooperate with clinical treatment.

Hypertension is a global chronic disease, and rehabilitation nursing of elderly patients with hypertension is a long-term work. It requires nurses not only to have relevant theoretical knowledge and corresponding clinical experience, but also to play the role of educators, strengthen nurse-patient communication, carry out health education, and promote the early recovery of elderly patients with hypertension. In addition, while taking medicine reasonably, we should also actively treat the primary disease and pay attention to genetic tendency; Guide patients to do daily health care to achieve the best curative effect. The development of medicine has proved that hypertension is closely related to psychosocial factors besides biological genetic factors. With the improvement of people's living standards, the incidence of hypertension in the elderly is getting higher and higher. Therefore, nursing work should be carried out from patients' physiological, social and psychological aspects, so as to improve patients' self-care awareness, advocate scientific and healthy lifestyle and eating habits, improve diet structure, prevent obesity, advocate abstinence from drinking and smoking, and prevent hypertension from childhood.

References:

Zhu Huimin. Internal medicine [M]. Third edition. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House,1998:142-151.

Xia. Internal medicine nursing [M]. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 2004:10/-102.

Cai xiongxin. Nursing psychology [M]. Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 1998: 25 1-264.

Lu Zaiying, Zhong Nanshan. Internal medicine [M]. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 2008: 258.

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