The first paragraph: Original: Yonghe is nine years old. In Guichou, in early spring, he will repair things in Lanting in Huiji Mountain. Yonghe nine years, that is, the year of guichou, held a rally in Lanting, Shanyin County, Huiji in early March.

Interpretation: Yonghe Nine Years is marked by the year number method, that is, the year number set by the emperor plus the ordinal number is used; "Gui Chou" adopts the chronological method of branches, that is, ten branches (A, B, D, E, G, F, N, N, D) and twelve local branches (Zi Chou Mao Yinchen has been in Xu Hai, Shen You at noon) are combined in turn (Jia Zi -B Chou -C Yin-etc.). ) so far; This year is the ninth year that Mu Tianzi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty established the title of Yonghe, and it is also the year of "humiliating ugliness". The two chronological methods are generally used separately, and the overlap here has a clear chronological function, but more importantly, the phonological function.

"Late spring" is a twilight calendar in Mongolia, that is, March, to observe the moon. The adverbial "Meeting in Lanting, Huiji Mountain" is postpositioned.

"Mao" is an ominous ceremony held by the water in ancient Spring and Autumn Period. Preface to Lanting Collection is also called Mao Tie.

Appreciation: It is only a matter of time before a word disagrees. A group of wise men are complete, and a few are long and salty.

People with virtue come (here) and young and old get together (here). Explanation: "Xian", "Shao" and "Chang" are adjectives and nouns, meaning "Xian", "Young" and "Old" respectively. After "zhi" and "Ji", the prepositional phrase "here" is omitted as an adverbial.

Appreciation: The eight characters are full of people, and it is also a grand gathering of cultivation. Original: There are mountains here and bamboo cultivation in Maolin; There is also clear water flow and turbulence, reflecting left and right.

There are tall and steep mountains, dense forests and bamboo forests; There is also clear and swift water, which is reflected around (the pavilion). Explanation: The three phrases of "Mountain", "Maolin Xiuzhu" and "Clean Flow and Turbulence" all use intertextual rhetoric, which needs to be adjusted in translation.

"Ying" is the verb "reflect", "Dai" is the verbal "surround", and then the preposition "Yu" is omitted. Appreciation: Twenty Crosses is about beautiful environment.

I think running water is second. Although not as prosperous as silk and bamboo orchestras, it is enough to love. Take (water) pumped into the circulating canal water as a floating wine glass, and (people) sit beside it. Although there is no grand occasion of orchestral performance, drinking a glass of wine and giving a poem is enough to express elegant feelings happily.

Note: after the introduction, the object "Zhi" was omitted and changed to "clean flow and turbulent flow"; "Take" is used as a connected conjunction and is not translated; The preposition "Yu" is omitted after "Liezuo"; Yiyi is the verb phrase "drink a glass of wine" and "sing a poem"; Take as the preposition used. Appreciation: Sandu wrote a grand occasion of drinking and writing poems.

Today is sunny, the air is fresh and the weather is pleasant. On this day, the weather is fine, the air is fresh and the breeze is warm.

Appreciation: Relaxation is relaxation. Looking up at the size of the universe, we can see the variety, so it is very entertaining. I believe coke is enough.

Looking up at the universe in the vastness and overlooking the rich things, the scenery used to look around and stretch the mind is enough for people to enjoy the pleasure of seeing and hearing. It is really happy! Explanation: "Zhi" is the sign of attributive postposition; "lei" is the noun "everything in the world"; "So" is the fixed structure "used landscape ……" and "extreme" is the verb "enjoy". Appreciation: This is a "tour", with scenery and wandering paths.

The second paragraph: the original: the lady's phase, pitching all her life. People get along all their lives.

Explanation: "Fu" is an auxiliary word and is not translated. The structural auxiliary words between the subject and predicate of "zhi" are not translated.

"Pitch" means that the time of two movements is very short. Appreciation: All life experiences begin with the word "husband".

Original: or talk in one room arm in arm; Let the waves go because of the entrustment. Some people take out their ideas and talk face to face indoors (with friends); Some people pin their feelings on things entrusted by their spiritual feelings and indulge in life outside the body without restraint.

Explanation: "Zhu" is a compound word "Yu", "Zhi" indicates the content, and the prepositional phrase composed of "Yu" and the object "Bao" is an adverbial; The preposition "Yu" is omitted after "Huici" and "Wandering", and the prepositional object phrase composed of "Yu" and its object is used as an adverbial; "Yin" is the preposition "Guo Tong", which together with the following "Jisuotuo" constitutes an object-object phrase as an adverbial. Appreciation: reading this sentence has the feeling of "being happy in things" and "being sad in yourself"

Mi Heng in Wei and Jin Dynasties and Liu Ling in Western Jin Dynasty are typical representatives. This is actually the darkness of politics, and the distortion of literati's life in the case of repeated atrocities.

Although the tendency is different, the quietness is different. When they are happy with what they have encountered, they will gain something from themselves for the time being and will soon be self-sufficient without knowing that they are old; What he is tired of is that his feelings are advancing with the times and his feelings are sentimental. Although (people's life) have different choices, they are quiet and active, but when they are happy with the things they touch, they feel proud and happy for a while and don't know the coming of aging; When he is tired of where he has arrived and his mood changes with the status quo, his feelings will follow.

Explanation: there are two solutions to "take", one is "fun" and the other is "take", which means "take" here. "Nice to meet you" is a typical object-object phrase as an adverbial inversion, and "I met you" is a noun phrase.

Appreciation: This feeling was the same as it is now. Original: I take pleasure in it. Before pitching, it has become a thing of the past, so I still want to take pleasure in it. The situation is short-lived, and it will end in the end.

I still feel sorry for what I once felt happy has become a thing of the past. And the length of life depends on nature, and it will end with the end of life. Explanation: the structural auxiliary word "de" between the attribute of "zhi" and the head word is actually translated into adverbial in the sentence because of the different habits of ancient and modern Chinese; "ambition" is a synonym, which replaces the situation that "I am happy for it, and between pitching, it has become a thing of the past"; "Xiu" is the adjective "Chang"; "Cycle" means "take" ... as the final outcome "; "Exhausted" means "the end of life".

Appreciation: the pain of life comes out from this! The ancients said, "Life and death are great." Translation: The ancients said.

2. Read the following classical Chinese and complete11.a2.b3.b4.d5.c6.b7.c8. (1). However, people at that time, whether they were smart or stupid, had to consult May Yu Sheng when talking about poetry.

Although I know May Yu Sheng very well, I didn't recommend him in the end. (3) I have written an epitaph for him with tears, so I asked his family for it (the old draft).

(4) Why do you still regard it as a poor man's poem when you are old and frustrated? I like my job, but I don't know how long I have been poor. I am getting old, so I don't hesitate! 1, poor: sleepy 2, ① However, turning conjunctions; (2) Moreover, the coordinate conjunction (3) should be "Mei" (4), and (3) write how Mei is an official; ④ It is the characteristic of Mei Yu Sheng Wenfeng; 6. the author's evaluation 5. This is not the author's writing intention. 6. "Poverty" here mainly refers to political hardship, but according to the context, there is no limit. 7. This should reflect the achievements of Mei's poetry from the side, and the world is not amazed by Mei's poetic talent.

8. I have heard the world often say that the poet's career is not so prosperous and there are more difficulties. Is that really the case? Probably because most of the poems handed down in the world were written by ancient people in distress.

Most of the literati who hide their talents but can't fully display them in the world like to indulge in wild fun at the water's edge in Shan Ye. When they see insects, fish, vegetation, clouds, birds and animals, they often explore their strangeness and strangeness. There is a sense of depression in their hearts, and these emotions are transformed into poetry, that is, relying on resentment and irony, expressing the lament of the widow who pursues the minister and writing the feelings that people can't express. The harder you are, the more skilled you are at writing.

From this point of view, it is not writing poetry that makes people embarrassed, but writing good poetry after encountering trouble. My friend Mei, who became a junior official because of her shady job when she was young, was recommended to take the Jinshi exam many times, but she was always suppressed by the examiner's office and spent more than ten years in the local area.

I'm 50 years old, and I have to rely on others to send me a letter of appointment as a clerk. I am trapped in my talent and wisdom, and I can't fully display it in my career.

My hometown is Wanling, and I studied poetry as a child. Writing poems from an early age surprised the elders. When I grew up, I learned the knowledge of the six classics of benevolence and righteousness. The article is simple and pure, and I don't want to please the world. The world only knows that he can write poems.

However, at that time, whether people were smart or stupid, it was inevitable to ask Yu Sheng for advice when talking about poetry. Yu Sheng also likes to vent his frustration through poetry, so he usually writes many poems.

The society has known him, but no one recommended him to the court. Once upon a time, Wang once saw his poems and sighed, "There have been no such works for two hundred years!" " Although I know him well, I still didn't recommend him.

If he was lucky enough to be appointed by the imperial court, wouldn't it be magnificent to write works like Ya and Song in the Book of Songs to praise the great achievements of the Song Dynasty and dedicate them to the ancestral temple, so that he could be compared with the authors such as Shang Yang, Zhu Xi and Zhu Xi? It's a pity that he is too old to succeed, so he can only write poems of fallen people and express his poor and melancholy sigh in vain on worms and fish. Isn't it worth lamenting that society only loves the ingenuity in his poems, but doesn't know that he will die of old age after long suffering? Yu Sheng has many poems, but he doesn't arrange them by himself.

His nephew, Xie Jingchu, was worried about too many lost works, so he selected his works from Luoyang to Xing Wu and compiled them into ten volumes. I used to like Yu Sheng's poems, and I'm afraid I can't get all of them. I'm glad that Xie can sort them out, so I preface them and keep them.

Since then, 15 years have passed. Yu Sheng died of illness in the capital. I have written an epitaph for him in tears, so I asked his family to get more than 1000 manuscripts, plus 677 particularly good ones, divided into 15 volumes. Ah, I have commented a lot on Yu Sheng's poems, so I won't go into details.

Preface to Ouyang Xiu of Luling.

3. The original and translated version of the ancient poem "Reading Strange Grass" Author: The preface of "Strange Grass" is Zhang Huangyan's own dance image, which is good for poetry.

The first doctor thought about abolishing the classics, but he repeatedly thought it was a warning, so he stopped talking, but he still stole a look from time to time. And after I got the first place, I made friends with the sages from all over the world and exchanged needed goods, which made me prosperous.

National disasters occur frequently, and I advocate the righteousness of Jiangdong. In the past, all the skills of carving insects were destroyed. Therefore, it is still necessary for me to recite my temperament in my spare time, raise an army and enter the imperial edict system.

Huma crossing the river, however, is long and short, as well as careless endorsement. Everything is paid in the war, and it is also a sincere pen and ink misfortune. Seven years have passed since Yu Yu began to float on the sea.

In the meantime, I am worried about my country and my family, and I sympathize with the poor. Nothing can shake my heart and spleen. Or teach the Northern Expedition and be generous to Long song, or avoid conquering the South and sing lonely short songs.

It is when the wind and rain are tottering and the waves are rough that the more I can make the lonely minister love the Lord and the wanderer cherish his relatives, how can I say the voice of national subjugation? It was Ding Haichun who crossed the river, but Bing Xu died.

In the autumn of the fifth son, the sacrifice moved mountains, and Ding Hai died. Geng led a large group of people back to the sea, but what He Ji ugly did was ruined again.

Xin Maochang was trapped in the countryside, but the grass in the grass stayed. What is the misfortune of pen and ink? As for this! Heir is a collection of old and new chapters, which is a bit embarrassing.

Bing Shen, Chang Guo was trapped again. What died? 1898 One hundred days, capsized in Yangshan and died seven times, only to know that writing also has the role of Yang Jiu.

In recent years, I have lamented that the pace of heaven has not diminished, worried about the difficulty of Qinghe, and thought about borrowing poems instead of chronicles. So I was recorded by friends and friends, and the guests copied it. This is the second time.

Redundant memory is strong, everything I can remember is included, and I won several songs. But it's like a tripod.

Ha ha! The country is ruined and the rest is ridiculous. I can't take revenge on the thief, so I don't want to learn from others with rhyming words! Shaoling, however, was displaced from Shu Road during the Tianbao Rebellion, and * * * was not abolished, which was later called the history of poetry. Tao Jingjie succumbed to Jinding's rebellion and returned from the group. When writing a book, he must write Yixi.

My husband is also sad for his ambition, and his sincerity can be seen. But why is it called "odd grass"? It's sudden death, not the whole leopard. This is like a strange story of a Jewish strategist, but it is also a work between the lines.

When he was sixteen years old in Li Yong, it was five days after spending a year in Renyin and Duanyang that Zhang Huangyan got to know himself.

Note: ① Zhang Huangyan (1620- 1664) was a general, poet and national hero of Nan Ming. ② Dance image: refers to adults, that is,/kloc-adults over 0/5 years old.

③ Yixi: the year number of Emperor Jin 'an. 4. One of the incorrect explanations of the added words in the following sentences is () A, introduction to the canon system: in charge of B, the other fallacies are false, the section is false: the mind is C, the ladder has not lost its calendar year: Taiping D, seeking knowledge for future generations: understanding 5, the group with the same usage and meaning of the added words in the following sentences is () A, still worth it. It's not far from finally getting lost. C, thinking of borrowing poems instead of chronicles to make you happy. Do you want to please your relatives with rhyming words? 6. The following analysis and summary of the relevant contents of the original text are incorrect: () A. The author 17 years has suffered a lot of bad luck in writing poetry, and it is the misfortune of the poet to record "dead poetry" one after another.

B, the author only got a part of all the poems through "seeking" and "recalling", but still wanted to compose poems. This is because the author loved writing poems when he was young, but many of his poems were lost in the war. C. Historical figures written by Du Fu, Tao Qian and other authors have experienced dramatic turmoil and bad luck. Their wishes and emotions deeply touched the author.

D, the reason why the poetry collection is named "Qi Cao" is because the poetry is scattered, not the whole picture; It is also because the anthology was written by the author between the years of fighting. 7. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese.

(10)? (1) There are frequent national disasters, and I advocate righteousness above Jiangdong. In the past, all the insect carving skills were scattered and destroyed. (5 points) (2) However, Shaoling became a Tianbao Rebellion and was displaced from Shu Road, and it did not waste * * *, which was later called the history of poetry.

(5 points).

4. Original and translation of the ancient poem "Preface to Gui Zhuang's Reading Peony Poems" Author: Read the following classical Chinese and complete questions 6-9.

Those who devote themselves to doing things, do their best, and work hard day and night say that they spare no effort and say that there is not enough sunshine. If the rest is looking for flowers, it is also true. Recalling the year of Xin Chou, it is recorded that from Kunshan to Taicang, Jiading and Nanxiang saw thirty-five Peony Buildings.

Second, I found peony in Jiangyin. Without a guide, I returned in vain. I have heard for a long time that there are many varieties of peony in Dongting Mountain. In March of this year, I waded in the waves of Taihu Lake not far away, but I reached the mountain the next day.

Look for flowers together, or find a place or a staff member, all places are far away; Some people are not allowed to enter at first, but they have to watch it again and again. Most of the famous flowers in the mountains are beautiful, many of which have never been seen in my life.

Sitting in front of the flowers during the day and indulging in them at night, it took a few days. When you are exhausted, you will cross the lake by boat and return to Huqiu Huaguan City. Traverse the places with flowers inside and outside Kunshan.

In the morning, I saw more than 50 flowers and almost spared no effort, but those who lacked the sky were crazy and addicted! The guest said, "Zhou Lian Creek is called' Peony', with rich flowers. It is not appropriate to be poor! " Yu Yue said: "If I am poor, there will be no stones, but I am generous and like to be unrestrained. I am not poor." Humble for Webb, but light the world, no servants, no bones.

Is Ann not suitable for growing flowers? "The guest said," Ouyang Gong, a Confucian, takes peony as the flower demon. What's so good about the child? "Yu Yue said," Anyone who is more beautiful than everything can be a demon. Why spend it alone? ".

Enough to drown its beauty and touch it. I can't live in the world, so I can entertain my eyes and ambitions. What a demon! "But all the poems are lip service, and in order to cater to the temporary interest, I have no intention to ask for help and let the author laugh. I have nothing to say.

Note: ① Last birthday: 12. 6。

In the following statements, the incorrect explanation of the added words is A. What you want to see is what you have: stop B.

Spare no effort: about C. Indulge in its beauty and move it: move D.

Be suitable for the present: satisfy 7. In the following groups of statements, the group with the same meaning and usage as the added words is A.

If I'm looking for flowers, it's also B. Without the interests of my minions, it's useless to return to earthworms. The strength of bones and muscles is in Wuli, Yamanoe, with a hole.

Can be described as madness and obsession. However, if all the poems are nonsense, which one can laugh at the river, it is on the boat.

The following understanding of the sentence in the article is not in line with the meaning of the text: a. Looking for flowers together, or walking with a stick, you can go to a remote place (my friend and I) to find peony together, sometimes by car, sometimes on foot with a stick, and there is no place out of reach in remote places.

Most of the famous flowers in the mountains are eye-catching, and most of the peony flowers in the mountains have been seen, many of which are C that I have never seen in my life. Being poor is better than not being poor (but loving money and spending it), I'm afraid it's not appropriate.

I am not allowed to live in the world to entertain my vision and ambition. Why am I out of step with the world, just enjoying the present and indulging my ambition by enjoying flowers? How can I be called a demon? The following understanding and analysis, one that does not conform to the meaning of the text is A.

In order to find peony, the author traveled all over the country and took pains, always feeling that time was not enough. B.

The author loves peony, and when he sees famous flowers, he stays with peony day and night. C.

The author says that peony is a flower of wealth, and she is generous and unrestrained, which is suitable for peony. d .

The author believes that all good things, as long as you indulge in them, will harm yourself. Reference answer: 6.

C (moving: shaking) 7. B (auxiliary word, adjective suffix, appearance.

A takes independence; Auxiliary words, signs of attributive postposition. C pronoun, that don't.

D these; Equivalent to "to". )8。

D) I am out of place in this world. I just enjoy my eyes and indulge my mind by enjoying flowers. Why do I think it's a demon? ) 9.c ("The author says peony is a flower of wealth" is wrong) P.S.: Anyone who devotes himself to doing something and tries his best to do it day and night is called "spare no effort" and "just feel that time is not enough".

I'm looking for a famous flower, it seems so. Looking back on the year of Xin Chou, I visited 35 peony fields from Kunshan to Taicang, Jiading to Nanxiang, and wrote an article to record the situation at that time.

In the third year, I went to Jiangyin to look for peony, and I came back without any guidance. I have long heard that there are many kinds of peony in Dongting Mountain. In March of this year, I didn't walk the waves crossing Taihu Lake in 160, and walked for two days to reach Dongting Mountain.

(My friends and I) visit the peony together, sometimes by car, sometimes on crutches, and there is no place that we can't reach; In some places, if you can't get in for the first time, you will go twice and three times, and you must see the peony flowers. Most of the famous peony flowers in the mountains have been seen, many of which I have never seen in my life.

Sitting in front of the flowers during the day, drunk under the flowers at night, like this for several days. When you are tired, cross Taihu Lake by boat and come back to Tiger Hill to see the flower market. Then I traveled all the places with flowers inside and outside Kunshan.

/kloc-Within 0/2 days, I went to more than 50 places to see flowers, which probably reached the point of "spare no effort" and "only lack of sunshine". That can really be said to be crazy and obsessed! A guest said, "Zhou Lian Creek said,' Peony is the flower of wealth'.

I'm afraid it's not appropriate for you to be poor (but you like rich flowers) I said, "I am really poor, but I am very generous. Like a hero, I am not as poor as a poor man." I am indeed a humble person, but I despise society and indulge my personality. I don't serve princes. I have no wimp. Why not suitable for peony flowers? " The guest added, "Ouyang Xiu is a Confucian (Song Dynasty), and he thinks peony is a demon in flowers.

Why do you like it so much? "I said," all good things can become demons, not just flowers. Indulge in its beauty, shake your heart and kill people. I don't agree with this world. I just use (flowers) to please my eyes and indulge my mind. Why do I think it's a demon? "It's just that these poems are outspoken in order to satisfy my temporary interest, and I didn't specifically pursue how clever they are. If the author is laughed at, I have nothing to say.

5. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the Preface to Master Xuan's Poems (1), so libel prisons are thriving.

D2 .B3 .

D4 .( 1) Then libel cases began to appear, and the "elegant" tradition of poetry creation was swept away.

(Scoring point: prison: case; Xing, appear; Taoism, fashion and tradition) (2) A: Countries that don't bribe Qin will perish because of bribing Qin. Because (countries that don't bribe Qin) can't save it alone without strong assistance from other countries.

(3) The evils in life are often accumulated in the smallest things, and smart and brave people are often troubled by the things they love. Just (spoil) the actress? 1。 Test analysis: the end, the beginning of things, here refers to the beginning of poetry.

Test center: understand the meaning of common content words in classical Chinese in the text. The ability level is to analyze and understand B.

2。 Test analysis: b is a preposition, used; A conjunction means turning point/conjunction means undertaking; C preposition, according to /in: preposition, ratio; D conjunction, indicating acceptance/conjunction, indicating hypothesis.

Test center: Understand the meaning and usage of function words commonly used in classical Chinese. The ability level is understanding B.

3。 Test analysis: this kind of sentence-breaking question must follow a principle when breaking sentences, and can't break the meaning of sentences.

Therefore, we must combine the context, concrete context and the meaning of this sentence to think about sentence breaking, especially the key words (prepositions, modal particles, conjunctions, etc. ). test center: understand the sentence patterns and usage different from modern Chinese.

The ability level is understanding.

Analysis of test questions: when translating such topics, we should first find out the key words or sentence patterns for translation, usually literal translation, and then translate them as a whole except for some figurative words. According to the norms of modern Chinese, words can reach sentence order. Test center: Understand and translate the sentences in the text.

When I first came to Hangzhou, I asked Mr. Zheng Xidao from Hangzhou for a (real) Hangzhou scholar. Mr. Zheng told me that he wrote poems according to the master of metaphysics, and his poetic style was magnificent and magnificent. No one is better than the modern man who is famous for writing poems.

I have always known that Mr. Zheng is good at appreciating people and doesn't talk much, so I often think of taking pictures of mysterious people in my heart. I asked Hangzhou people to take photos of Master Xuan's deeds, but I didn't say that Master Xuan wrote poems well. I feel strange when I think about it privately.

When he moved to Baixialing, Master Xuan became the abbot of Shouning Temple in Wansongling. From then on, I began to have a comprehensive view of his poems. His poems are majestic, like rushing waves, rigorous in structure, like an armory, and steep in style, like a pine tree perched on a cliff, which is awe-inspiring, but the feelings of worrying about the country and people are often revealed outside the words. Oh, dear! This is why the master of metaphysics can't be famous for his poems in Hangzhou.

What is poetry for? When feelings surge from the heart, they must be expressed in words. In the Six Classics, praise, satire and admonition are all beneficial to educate the world. Therefore, the former kings used it to examine the changes of customs, observe the gains and losses of governance, and understand the feelings of frustrated people living in the lower classes.

(From the social function of poetry) Are they just called "Zhang Ci"? Later generations abolished the official position of a surname, so flatterers all used poems to encourage the flattery, so there were more flattery poems and fewer satire poems. This trend spread to the Song Dynasty, and libel cases began to appear. Since then, the elegant tradition of poetry creation has been swept away, leaving nothing behind.

There is no law prohibiting speech in the world now, but people's well-informed bad habits have not changed. Therefore, the poet has not regarded writing romantic poems and using flowers and birds as the right way to write poems. They followed the example of dignitaries instead of learning from the ancients, and judged their poems by everyone's standards without distinguishing between jade and stone. They are confused and noisy, sing the opposite, cling to each other, form alliances with each other, and then slander each other. In this case, according to the master of metaphysics, there is no need to be praised by people today. Alas! Only Bole can identify a swift horse, and only craftsmen's stones can identify such fine trees as buttonwood and Toona sinensis, but how many craftsmen's stones can there be from ancient times to the present? Those people whose hand-holding skills are not reused have disappeared a lot.

I not only admire the poems written by Master Xuan, but also lament that people don't know that Mr. Zheng is today's Bole and Craftsman Stone, so I wrote this preface at the beginning of my poetry collection.