The holistic view form of traditional Chinese medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine has a distinct holistic view, which is reflected in the following aspects:

First of all, the philosophy of TCM is holistic. "Tao" is the theoretical source of China people, which is manifested in the concepts of vitality, yuan yang, essence and blood gas in medicine, and is the overall perception; In this case, Chinese medicine has philosophical views such as yin and yang, balance and heaven and man, all of which are holistic concepts; The pillar of traditional Chinese medicine is the word "Yin and Yang", which holds that the occurrence and development of diseases is a process of imbalance between Yin and Yang and the struggle between good and evil. The secret of Yin and Yang is health, the imbalance of Yin and Yang is disease, and the separation of Yin and Yang is death. Therefore, the means to regulate Yin and Yang is to "live in peace with it". Rather than binary opposition, Yin and Yang are interdependent and serve a seamless whole.

Secondly, the zang-fu organs in the eyes of TCM are the main structure of life and the whole concept. Taking this as the center, through the meridian system, "the zang-fu organs return to the interior and the joints return to the exterior", the strange and unchanging zang-fu, five bodies, five senses, nine orifices and hundreds of limbs are linked, and a unified organic whole is formed through the functions of essence, qi and blood and body fluid. The different functions of zang-fu organs are also the division of labor and cooperation under the overall activities. Physiological activities depend on the functions of various zang-fu organs, and on the complementary, synergistic and antagonistic effects between zang-fu organs, which is the unity of part and whole. On this basis, the theory of zang-xiang, qi, blood and body fluid, meridian theory, etiology and pathogenesis theory were established, which constituted and consolidated the overall theoretical framework.

Third, Chinese medicine treats the influence of internal and external factors as a whole. It is believed that exogenous evil, six evils and internal seven emotions may affect physiological functions and cause diseases. For example, exogenous wind-cold syndrome and pathogenic factors on the skin surface can lead to disharmony between ying and Wei, resulting in aversion to cold, fever and pulse floating. This is because the lung and fur are different in appearance, and external evils attack the lung, which makes the lung qi unfavorable. When the lung fails to communicate, the breath will cause cough.

Fourth, the diagnosis also reflects the integrity. Because the physiology and pathology of human viscera, tissues and organs are interrelated and influenced, it is necessary to make a comprehensive judgment, and understand and infer the pathological changes of internal organs from the outside to the inside through external abnormal manifestations such as facial features, body shape and color pulse, so as to make a correct diagnosis. This is the theoretical basis of the four diagnoses of traditional Chinese medicine. The "syndrome" supported by the four diagnostic methods is the overall emergence of complex microscopic changes in the human body. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that people have eight changes of yin and yang, cold and heat. TCM syndrome differentiation takes yin and yang as the key link and yin and yang as the starting point, and then tries to answer the following questions: distinguishing yin and yang, distinguishing deficiency and excess, and testing cold and heat are all based on life considerations.

Fifth, the treatment should proceed from the whole. The treatment of Chinese medicine, whether it is Chinese medicine or acupuncture and massage, should be based on the whole. In the principle of treatment, we should pay attention to the imbalance of yin and yang, qi and blood, and viscera, from the perspective of coordinating the balance of yin and yang, qi and blood, and viscera, strengthen the body resistance and eliminate pathogens, and cut off the chain reaction between diseases of viscera, so as to achieve the purpose of eliminating pathogens and treating diseases through the overall treatment effect. Traditional Chinese medicine focuses on how life is unbalanced, then cold is hot, hot is cold, and deficiency is tonic. Actually, it's diarrhea I believe that no matter what is wrong, as long as the balance is restored, the symptoms will disappear. This concept of balance is also in line with the whole life.

All levels determine the holistic characteristics of Chinese medicine science, and Chinese medicine also has various attempts to decompose it. In details, many Chinese medicines should also play a targeted role, but the overall atmosphere is dominant. Compared with western medicine, the weight of decomposition is limited.

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There is basically no anatomical basis

Studying the anatomical basis is also helpful to understand the overall characteristics of medicine. If a medicine has rich anatomical practice, it will inevitably go deeper and pursue a more thorough understanding of body details, thus splitting or even rejecting the whole life. This goes without saying that there is no suspension.

Whether TCM is based on anatomy or not, the answer cannot be based on appearance. There are preliminary anatomical attempts in Chinese medical classics, but there is a lack of continuous and gradual anatomical practice. First of all, people must open their bodies to see clearly. "Soul Pivot" said: "If a person is eight feet, his flesh can be measured from the outside, and his death can be dissected." But the only way to stop is to open your body, observe the position of internal organs with your eyes, measure the size with a ruler, simply guess the function and complete the anatomical work. According to these results, combined with the medical practice at that time, the ancients absorbed nutrition from the culture and philosophy at that time and summed up a set of macro-description system with strong imagination.

Anatomy is simple enough for Chinese medicine to let people know some big organs and empty thinking, so it is of little practical value to dare to speculate on medicine. For example, discuss the rationality of pulse diagnosis: "The power of heart beating comes from Yuan Yang in the body, the power of blood running in blood vessels comes from Qi, and the elasticity of blood vessel wall depends on the moisturizing effect of Yuan Yin"; For example, in the concept of phlegm drink, tangible phlegm does not play a big role, and intangible phlegm is often popular.

Here, detailed, easy to observe and think, will use the understanding of anatomy and physiology, and the key and decisive factors will often use the concept of imagination. In other words, anatomy serves medical thought, while western medicine is the other way around, and medical theory follows anatomy.

China paid more attention to understanding than practice, which also hindered the further exploration of the body by Chinese medicine. Some scholars pointed out: "Although Chinese medicine has long known that people can be dissected after death, for the majority of clinicians, the important knowledge is intermediate and clinical practical knowledge such as' knowing astronomy above, geography below',' knowing people inside' and' four diagnoses combined with reference', rather than the knowledge aimed at understanding such as anatomy." Even Chinese medicine practitioners themselves believe that "those who gain spirit prosper, those who lose spirit die." In this case, how much realistic impulse is there to dissect the body without "God"?

Later, the practice of anatomy basically stopped, and there were some anatomical attempts in the Northern Song Dynasty, but all of them had little effect. Until the middle and late Qing Dynasty, Wang Qingren observed more than 300 unburied children's bodies in epidemic areas, dissected and observed them one by one, and drew a large number of internal organs maps. He thinks that many medical books in past lives are incorrect and need to be corrected.

This is a valuable scientific attempt, but it has not been supported by peers and has not formed a scientific research trend. People have different opinions on him, and some even sarcastically say that the book Correcting Mistakes in the Medical Forest has become more and more wrong, forgetting the significance of relevant actions, because short-term defects deny long-term correctness (in practical sense, this leaves a holistic view of medicine, but we cannot praise these opponents for it). The mode of traditional Chinese medicine has been impregnable, people have become accustomed to looking for answers from classics and have long been addicted to subjective inference. Later, the achievements of western medicine anatomy did not have a significant impact on Chinese medicine, and Chinese medicine can still be regarded as having no scientific system based on anatomy.

In order to make up for the defects, Chinese medicine has made rich subjective creations, regarded life as a whole, attached importance to the physical reaction caused by seven emotions, and recognized life and disease based on environmental impact; Form an extrapolation method from the outside to the inside, develop the idea of syndrome differentiation and treatment, and pay attention to the influence of many factors; In practice, pay attention to the development of drugs and acupuncture, and explore the reactions of different parts of the body after burns, bloodletting or acupuncture in different ways; We also actively think about advanced concepts such as disease prevention and explore the medical uses of diet therapy, health preservation and fitness.

Many methods and ideas reduce the need for human anatomy and take a completely different road from reductionism medicine.

Traditional Chinese medicine is a basic holistic view.

Traditional Chinese medicine is ignorant in understanding life as a whole. After all, there is a lack of deliberation, pre-planning, full consideration of the whole pattern and insight into the future. Coupled with the weak scientific consciousness, technology can not provide strong support, and the effectiveness of the method is not high, which can only be regarded as a primary holistic view.

Holistic medicine pays attention to life, which is not exactly the same as Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has long been obsessed with the treatment of diseases, resulting in indifference to life consciousness. For example, in the concept of "illness is medicine", in the process of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, and in the practice of integrating traditional Chinese and western medicine, life does not necessarily exist. But people are not sad about it.

Holistic medicine is above reductionism, and Chinese medicine is far from ideal, which is parallel to western medicine to a great extent and at the same level.

At present, Chinese medicine is often based on the condition. In this state, Chinese medicine and western medicine go hand in hand, both treating diseases and saving lives. All kinds of medicine are only good at different fields, only the difference in efficiency. In the future, when you are in a healthy state, you should grasp minor illnesses. This is the level of life, and of course it is higher.

From a technical point of view, Chinese medicine and western medicine, silver needle and scalpel are often parallel. In the future, the tools and methods of western medicine can be controlled according to life, and the level of Chinese medicine will rise.

Formally, the structure of TCM is not perfect. The perfect structure is that everything starts from the Tao, first forming a philosophical view that comprehensively covers the characteristics of life, then refining it into a theory and view that reflects the characteristics of life, then refining it into a way of thinking and reasoning about life, and then refining it into a prescription and method for collaborative life. As long as it revolves around life, every detail is perfect, every component is mutually confirmed and supported, and every link can connect the preceding with the following and support each other.

In fact, Chinese medicine is far from enough, and the connection between components is not enough. Many theories can't be traced back to philosophical views, let alone "Tao". There are many loopholes in the system and too many cumbersome things. The same object is often repeated, mixed with expressions, redundant and lengthy.

The essence of TCM is syndrome differentiation and treatment, and it is the understanding and coordination of life. Since we want to perceive life, we must understand the whole cycle. At present, there is only one cross-sectional understanding. It is not enough that doctors can only experience with their heart at the moment of contact with patients. We need to start from time, to the early and late stages.

Judging from the accuracy and effectiveness, the defects of traditional Chinese medicine are very obvious; Theoretically, Chinese medicine has insufficient understanding of life and limited perception of life; Chinese medicine still has many shortcomings in its ability to treat diseases; Traditional Chinese medicine is not effective in preventing diseases and ensuring people's health and longevity.

Many of these show that Chinese medicine is only a holistic medicine in the primary stage.

It needs to be improved in two directions: moving forward to the pre-illness stage; Go up, go to those areas with great significance in life, and strive to highlight the whole of life in order to give full play to its advantages.