Bufuna, whose scientific name is Hei Hu, is the fruit of Schisandra crassipes (or Magnoliaceae), a woody evergreen vine, which originated in the virgin forest in southwest China, but now it is hard to find its trace. The Miao language "Bufuna" means beautiful and long-lived fruit. In recent years, it has been introduced and planted in some northern areas and has become a new variety. It is a new fruit with edible, medicinal, greening and ornamental functions. It is a multi-purpose rare plant that needs to be developed urgently and has great development potential.
I. Characteristics
1, the fruit is big and unique: the shape of the fruit is aggregate fruit, the surface is like a football, and the shape is novel and unique. The fruit is big and shiny, the surface pattern is like pineapple, and it hangs like a lantern; The fruit diameter is 10 ~ 12 cm, the weight of a single fruit is about 600 grams, and the large fruit can reach 1200 grams. Young fruits are turquoise, mature to crimson, colorful as flowers, rare and lovely, and this unique shape of nature is amazing. Dwarf potted plants are a natural and outstanding artistic masterpiece.
2, the flavor is particularly good: the pulp is like grapes, with more pulp and sweet taste; Meat color such as litchi, milky white, delicate; The fruit is as fragrant as an apple, rich and pleasant; Good color, smell and taste. Looking at it is pleasing to the eye; It smells mouth watering. The market has a large sales volume, high price and many repeat customers. As people become more and more picky about fruits, Bufna will come from behind.
3. Early fruiting and high yield: the seedlings can bear fruit in the second year after planting in the same year, and enter the full fruit stage in the fourth year. About 1 10 plants can be planted per mu, and each plant bears about 50 plants, with a yield of 4000 kg in full fruit stage. The fruit ripens in June 65438+ 10, and it is late-maturing and extremely resistant to storage and transportation. Before and after the Spring Festival, it can be left on the tree frame for sale, or it can be picked and stored naturally until March-April of the following year. Become a leader in the anti-season fruit market, and it is a new anti-season fruit variety with great development potential.
4, vigorous growth: strong resistance, almost no pests and diseases, all fruits can meet the quality requirements of green food. Seedlings sown in spring, the main vine can reach 3 meters that year. The stems and vines are lush and the leaves are green all year round. Crystal clear and good shading effect. It can be used not only for garden configuration, but also for the top greening of open-air restaurants, promenades and scaffolding.
5. Strong adaptability: Bufo is light-loving, shade-tolerant, cold-resistant and cold-resistant, and has performed well after being planted in many places in north and south China. Under the condition of maintaining the same quality, they all show no choice of soil, which is easy to grow, but acidic sandy loam is better. Adult trees can withstand high temperature above 40 degrees and cold below 20 degrees. Mountains, hills and plains can all be planted, which is from a large area. For a specific area, it can be planted first and then expanded. In the north, if the temperature is below MINUS 20 degrees in winter, it is best to bury it, spray antifreeze or take protective measures. It is more suitable for planting in fruit forest, economic forest or forest in front of the house. It is the first choice to use branches of fruit trees as wrapping scaffolding, without affecting the yield of fruit trees, or interplanting four-season strawberries between rows in Bufman. It is also one of the best varieties of high-efficiency agriculture and sightseeing agriculture.
6. Medicinal value: According to Dong doctors, Bufuman is a good fruit with the same origin of medicine and food. Fruit is not only edible, delicious and sweet, but also can be used as medicine from root to leaf. Has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, expelling pathogenic wind, activating collaterals, regulating qi, relieving pain, clearing liver-fire, improving eyesight, tonifying kidney, arresting ejaculation, nourishing blood and caring skin. It is a rare fruit in China. The development and planting of Bufuman has good economic and social benefits, and it is the best choice for the majority of forest farmers and fruit friends to get rich and run a well-off life.
Second, management measures and technologies
The conventional management of toads is similar to that of grapes, but it is more extensive and has fewer pests and diseases. Need to stand up and climb In order to ensure stable and high yield, it is best to carry out artificial pollination at flowering stage. According to the plant size, flowers and fruits should be thinned to ensure the quality of fruits. Toad has many fibrous roots and shallow distribution, so fertilization should not be too deep. Weakly acidic sandy loam is most suitable for planting, and the soil is often kept moist.
1. Garden selection. "Bufuna" is not strict with the soil. Peach, plum, jujube, persimmon, pear, apple, grape and loquat can be planted in general soil, but acidic sandy soil is the most suitable.
2. Training method and time. Toad is a vine, which can be cultivated in scaffolding, hedgerows or potted plants. Pergola can plant about 120 plants per 667 square meters, and the row spacing is 2m×3m；; Hedgehog racks can be planted with about 300 plants per 667 square meters, and the row spacing is1m× 2 m. It can be planted in February-March of the following year in the south and March-April in the north.
3. Male plants and female plants are matched. Toads are dioecious plants. When planting, the ratio of female plants to male plants should be 9: 1, which is beneficial to cross pollination, and artificial pollination can also be carried out at flowering stage to improve yield.
4. Cultivation methods. Toad has many fibrous roots, which are mostly distributed in shallow soil layers. Therefore, when planting in mountainous and hilly areas, the building need not be too deep, the length and width should be 0.6 meters and the depth should be 0.5 meters. Plain, vegetable garden and paddy field don't need to be ditched, so ridge farming is better.
5. Fertilizer and water management. Apply 2000 kilograms of farm manure every 667 square meters, with calcium, magnesium and phosphorus 100 kilograms as base fertilizer; When topdressing, it is necessary to apply thin fertilizer frequently, and it is best to apply fermented cake fertilizer and farmyard manure; Non-bearing seedlings are fertilized 1 time per month, mainly nitrogen fertilizer; Fertilize 1 time about 10 day after seed setting, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
6. Pruning techniques. Pruning is generally carried out before flowering in winter 1 month. On the one hand, pruning redundant branches; On the other hand, cut off the winter buds. Generally, trellis cultivation does not need pruning, but both hedge cultivation and pot cultivation should be pruned to control plant type and ensure yield (the main branch of Buffona is a vegetative branch, which is a vine that controls plant type; Lateral branches are fruiting branches, which control the fruit.
7. Prevention and control of pests and diseases. Strong disease resistance, mainly termites harm roots, inchworm harm leaves and buds.
(1) To control termites, lime, plant ash or carbofuran can be sprayed in the planting hole before planting. (2) To control inchworm, 20% pyrethroid killing liquid can be sprayed on the tree crown for 2000-3000 times.