Teaching reference "Know the cow by Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Lao Zhuang. As for the "master of health care", it was defined in Wang Xianqian's Zhuangzi Ji Jie in the Qing Dynasty as: "He is the founder of health care in Zhuangzi. "The so-called' health care master' is the main purpose of health care, which is the basic principle that health care should follow." A skilled worker can help a cow "is a fable, through which Zhuangzi explained the truth of keeping in good health.". The first paragraph of the text is about the skillful action and wonderful voice of "knowing a cow by skillful hands". He pressed the cow with his hands, leaned against the cow with his shoulders, stepped on the cow with his feet and leaned against the cow with his knees. He moves extremely freely and makes a brisk squeak. When I entered the knife, I heard a louder sound. These rhythmic sounds are very beautiful, and with my graceful movements, they are just like playing music and dancing, as beautiful as Shang Tang's music and dance "Sanglin" and Yao Shi's music "Quiet Hands". The second paragraph is followed by the praise of the text, which sets off my master's exquisite skills from the side. Wen is curious about the reason why My Mechanic is superb, which leads to the change from the description of phenomena to the pursuit of essence, and from what others see and feel about my personal experience. The third paragraph is my answer to Wen. My first explanation is that what I pursue is the realm of Tao, which has gone beyond the technical level. Then I talked about three stages when I reached the realm of Tao: the first stage was "I saw nothing but a cow"; The second stage is "I have never seen a whole cow"; The third stage is "seeing God instead of seeing, being an official of Zhi Zhi and acting with God". The external expression of "Tao" is that "the knife has been used for nineteen years" and "the blade is like a new research"; The inherent essence of "Tao" is "there must be room for redemption"; The way to reach the realm of Tao is to rely on heaven for justice, to be natural and to be honest. Finally, I will talk about my cautious attitude after reaching the realm of Tao. "As for the race," he will still "dare not take warning, dare not watch, dare not walk late", stay alert and frightened, and move slightly and slowly. Even if you successfully solve the cow, you should carefully clean the knife and put it away when you are satisfied. In the last paragraph, Wen Huijun listened to me and realized the truth of keeping in good health. What is Zhuangzi's regimen? Zhuangzi said in Master of Health Preservation: "Good has no near name, and evil has no near punishment. The governor thinks that you can protect yourself, you can live all your life, you can support your relatives, and you can spend all your years. "Zhuangzi believes that human society is full of complex contradictions. Only when people grasp the social texture like experts can they successfully avoid all kinds of thorny contradictions, so as to avoid being troubled by injuries and pains, so as to achieve the purpose of maintaining health and supporting their loved ones all the year round. It is also a negative philosophy of life. However, the fable "I know cows skillfully" inspires us far beyond Zhuangzi's original intention: everything has its objective laws. As long as we constantly accumulate experience, we can gradually master the objective laws and enter the realm of freedom in practice. Even if we grasp the objective laws and face specific problems, we should be cautious in order to do things well. Zhuangzi likes to reason with fables. In "The Lord of Health Preservation", Zhuangzi first expounded the general outline of this article: "Goodness has no near name, and evil has no near punishment. The governor thinks that the classics can preserve one's health, protect one's life, raise one's loved ones, and last forever." Later, several fables were used to prove that "my skillful hands help cows" is the most wonderful one. This story is vivid and intuitive, visualizing the abstract "Tao Jing" and "the stage of reaching Tao Jing". Zhuangzi's thought is negative and self-centered, but his reasoning method is worth learning. Language Taste Zhuangzi is good at depicting characters through scenes and expressions. For example, "my skillful hand is touching the cow, my shoulder is leaning on the cow, my foot is stepping on the cow, my knee is leaning on the cow, and my knife is naturally playing, all of which are alto." The dance combined with mulberry forest is the first classic encounter. "Through this scene, Zhuangzi vividly described the realm of knowing how to be a skilled worker. His hands, shoulders, feet and knees are in harmony, and his movements such as touching, leaning, walking and squatting are smooth and free. The sounds of "sudden" and "natural" are high and low, and their priorities are in order. His harmonious and graceful movements and rhythmic voice give people beautiful enjoyment when he enters the knife. Zhuangzi compared the mechanic to "the dance of the mulberry trees" and "the meeting of longevity", which was simply a wonderful artistic performance of music and dance. And I am like an artist who is completing a performance art work. This paragraph uses seven consecutive four sentences. The first four sentences write actions, and the last three sentences write sounds, which also has a sense of music rhythm. Another example is: "Although, whenever clan is involved, I find it difficult, so I take a warning and delay action. The knife is very small, but it has been solved, such as the soil commission. Stand with a knife, look around, aim high and hide the knife. "These sentences outline the image of my master through expression description. When confronted with a difficult problem, he looks frightened, focused and unresponsive. After successfully solving the cow, I raised my knife and looked around, full of ambition. My attitude has both changes and contrasts, which is very vivid. In the first paragraph of the article, I only saw the realm of no one, but these words made my image concrete and unforgettable. Zhuangzi's writing about training an expert who knows cows turned out to be a wonderful music and dance performance. Read the first paragraph, feel its rhythm, and appreciate Zhuangzi's description of Jieniu from the perspective of "dancing in the mulberry forest is a quiet meeting". Try to understand the coordinated use of hands, shoulders, feet and knees, the movements of touching, leaning, walking and squatting, and understand the "sudden" and "natural" sounds when cattle are used. Think about it, is what my master has achieved just a reflection of his skill? The purpose of this question is to let students experience and understand the rhythm and sense of rhythm of cattle through the rhythm of sentences. Let the students try to figure out what the skilled worker has achieved, in order to stimulate the students' imagination and let them understand the truth contained in the image. When trying to understand a cow, the hands, shoulders, feet and knees are used in coordination, and the movements such as touching, leaning, walking and squatting are smooth and free, and the sounds of "suddenly" and "suddenly" are staggered. His harmonious and graceful movements and rhythmic voice give people beautiful enjoyment when he enters the knife. Zhuangzi compared the mechanic to "the dance of the mulberry trees" and "the meeting of longevity", which was simply a wonderful artistic performance of music and dance. And I am like an artist who is completing a performance art work. This description is full of artistic flavor, which strongly exaggerates the naturalness, harmony and beauty of my understanding of cattle. From the full text, Ding Dong can reach this state because he is familiar with the natural physiological structure of cattle, and he has reached the state of "meeting God but not seeing", and he can "rely on heaven", "be natural", "be comfortable" and "be at home". The realm of skilled people is not only the expression of skills. As I said, this has gone beyond the general technical level and reached the realm of "Tao". Second, combined with the description in the article, try to figure out what kind of scenes are "arrogance", "freedom" and "complacency". In the third paragraph, the author describes in detail the process of moving the knife around with ease, which makes people believe that there is really an effect of "moving the knife very little, but it has been solved". Find out these descriptions and repeat them in your own language. The purpose of setting questions is to guide students to think deeply about the image description in the text and to cultivate students' imagination ability of "image" through retelling. The text describing "bull without head" is: "At this moment, I met God instead of looking at it. I am in charge of Zhi Zhi and want to do so. "Stubborn Cow describes a scene. My technical workers have fully understood the overall structure of a cow. They no longer regard a cow as a whole cow, but regard it as something that can be disassembled. The description of "being able to navigate with ease" is like this: "According to heaven, we should criticize and guide the big ones, because the skills and experience are certainly not bad, but the situation is excellent!" "There is room for those who have a festival, and there is no thickness for those who have a blade. Without thickness, there is room for recovery. " "Skillful" describes the scene where my skilled knife moves freely between the joints of cattle. The text describing "full of ambition" is: "When you mention it, stand up, look for it everywhere, be full of ambition for it, and hide it with a good knife." "Full of ambition" describes my carefree and contented appearance after successfully solving a difficult problem. The text describing the process of moving the knife is: "as for the clan, I think it is difficult, and it is too late to mend it." The knife is small, but it has been solved, such as land. "Let students use their imagination to retell this paragraph, thus enriching the characters. Understand the meaning of "for" in the following sentences. The purpose of this question is to help students clarify the different meanings of the word "Wei", although I find it difficult (verb, do, do) as far as race is concerned. In this case, it means "solving"), if you are afraid of action (that is, "taking a warning"), you will be regarded as (omitting "knowing" after "doing" instead of "seeing its difficulties"), and your behavior (omitting "knowing" after "doing" instead of "seeing its difficulties") will be late. Four skilled workers said that he "knows what he likes and his technology has improved". Wen Huijun said that he got the "way of keeping in good health" from knowing how to understand cows. What does the so-called "health preservation" mean? In addition to health, The purpose of this topic is to guide students to dialectically understand Zhuangzi's "way of keeping in good health" through their own thinking. The so-called "way of keeping in good health" refers to the method of grasping its laws in the complex contradictions of human society, so as to achieve self-protection. In a dangerous realistic environment, only by grasping the social texture and being careful like an expert can people successfully avoid all kinds of thorny contradictions, avoid being troubled by physical injury and fatigue, and thus achieve the purpose of keeping in good health, supporting the elderly and doing their best all year round. The more general revelation of my understanding of cattle is that everything has its objective laws. As long as we constantly accumulate experience, we can gradually master the objective laws and enter the realm of freedom in practice. Even if we grasp the objective laws and face specific problems, we should be cautious in order to do things well. Try to create a short fable that can inspire people with vivid images. The purpose of the topic is to guide students to further understand fables, which contain the characteristics of human feelings and things in vivid images through image reasoning. Refer to the answer (omitted) related information 1. My expert slaughters cattle for Wen. Where the hand touches, where the shoulder leans, where the foot steps, and where the knee touches, there is a creaking sound (separation of skin and bone), and there is no out-of-tune sound when entering the knife: it conforms to the rhythm of Sanglin dance and Jingtou song. Wen said, "Ah! Great! How did (your) technology reach this level? " I put down my knife and replied, "I am pursuing Tao, which has surpassed (general) technology." When I first slaughtered the cow, I didn't see the whole cow; I haven't seen the whole cow for three years. Now, I touch (the cow) with my spirit, not with my eyes. My vision has stopped, and my spirit is moving. (1) According to the physiological and natural structure of cattle, I broke into a big gap, along the empty space (between joints), according to the original structure of cattle (slaughtering cattle), I never collided with the place where blood is connected and bones are combined, not to mention those big bones! Good chefs change a knife every year because they use it to cut muscles; Ordinary chefs change their knives once a month because they cut bones with knives. Now my knife has been used for 19 years, killing thousands of cows, and the blade seems to have just been ground from the grindstone. There are gaps between the joints of cattle, but the blade has no thickness; Cut into the gap (seam) with a blade without thickness.' It's wide and spacious, and there must be a lot of room for the blade that swims in! So, nineteen years later, my blade still looks like it has just been sharpened. Even so, whenever I meet a place where bones and muscles are intertwined, I find it difficult to start, so I am cautious, focused and slow. The knife moved slightly, and the cow disintegrated and fell to the ground like dirt. At this time, I stood with a knife, looking around, carefree and satisfied; Wipe the knife clean and put it away. "Wen Huijun said," good! I listened to my words and understood the truth of keeping in good health. "2. The Misunderstanding of" Skillful Understanding of Cattle "(Feng) Skillful Understanding of Cattle is a wonderful work in Zhuangzi, with great influence, even people who don't know Zhuangzi are familiar with it and relish it. Understand the skills of cows through skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, skills, The Lord of Health Preservation is the third chapter of Zhuangzi, the main purpose of which is to discuss the importance of health preservation. Generally speaking, it is two sentences: "My life is limited, but my knowledge is also limited. If it is restricted, it will be dangerous. Knowing what you have learned is almost the same. " As for the saying, "Goodness has no near fame, and evil has no near punishment", the Governor thinks that he can protect himself, support his relatives all his life and spend his old age. The first sentence is Zhuangzi's famous saying, calling for "two children", lamenting that life is short, introspecting and seeing through, there is no need to be stubborn and insatiable. Since you can't live a hard life, of course, you will inevitably encounter health problems. How to raise it? Zhuangzi's magic is not unusual: neither too strong (for good, no near fame), nor too fierce (for evil, no near punishment), following the laws of nature (for the length of destiny), keeping healthy, supporting the family (heart) and doing my best. Zhuang Zhou is a philosopher and a poet. Describe my skill, nuanced, vivid, wonderful, wonderful. Let's talk about his skills first, which are based on encounter rather than visual inspection, but they have been solved, so hide them with a good knife. One go, pleasing to the eye, wonderful movements reached the peak, provoked Wen to say that he was good, and had an epiphany on the way of keeping in good health. It seems that this meat eater is not contemptible, and his secret is quite shallow. Do cattle skills pass the way of keeping in good health? Yuetong In fact, Zhuangzi's description of Jieniu's wonderful skill is a concrete and vivid expression of "Tao". The so-called "Tao" realm is seamless and indispensable. The ultimate goal of Zhuangzi's fable reasoning is to expound the core of his philosophy-"Tao". An expert explained cows and suggested that if health care is as natural as understanding cows, it can preserve the freedom of nature and keep the integrity of life, and reach the lofty realm of "Dao" in 19, thousands of cows can solve it, but if the blade is new and not damaged at all, can it not make people think? Keeping in good health and maintaining life is also called. Is it still a health preservation to make yourself exhausted or even unrecognizable? No, that's a broken life. If we can treat life like a skilled person with a knife, all the problems will be solved without causing harm to life. Isn't it wonderful? Here, my technique hints at two points: (1) My technique can dissect the twisted cattle along the natural texture, which means that although the world is complex and dangerous, as long as you act according to your own reason, don't force it, don't make a move, and you will naturally touch everything. (2) Although I am proficient in understanding cows, I am always careful when I understand cows. After solving the cow, although he was full of ambition, he was not complacent and sharp-edged, but hid it with a good knife. Psychological vigilance and behavioral convergence are also ways to "preserve health". Be reasonable, be conscientious, hide the front, and be tripartite confrontation. It can be said that my stunt has given us beneficial enlightenment, and this strategy is feasible. (From Knowledge of Literature and History, No.4, 2002) III. A Proper View of the Law ── An Analysis of Zhuangzi's Works (Wu). According to Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi, there are 52 articles, and there are 32 existing ones. The predecessors divided it into three categories: internal articles, external articles and miscellaneous articles. It is generally believed that seven of them were written by Zhuangzi, and the rest were written by his disciples or later scholars. Zhuangzi's world outlook is complex and belongs to the category of subjective idealism. However, Zhuangzi's works expose and satirize those in power of the ruling class, and their ideological content has certain progressive significance. Zhuangzi's prose is unique in pre-Qin prose, with unique artistic style, rich imagination, strange metaphor, satire and acrimony. In the words of Lu Xun, it is called "Wang Yang's elegant demeanor" (the outline of China's literary history). Firstly, this paper describes the scene where skilled workers know about cows. The author wrote that he knows how to solve the cow's movements: "The touch of hands, the leaning of shoulders, the walking of feet and the squatting of knees are all loud." "The movements of hands, shoulders, feet and knees constitute a complete picture of the cow. Narrating these four movements highlights my skillful hands and feet and vividly depicts the chef's posture. The above is a description of my quick movements, and the following is a description of the beauty of his movements. " Playing with a knife leads to a tenor: Sang Lin's dance is the first classic encounter. "That is to say, the butcher's knife pierced the meat and made an untimely sound, just like the dance of Sanglin, as beautiful as the music of Xianchi. These are all comparative methods. After comparison, exaggeration is formed, and the meaning of words is improved from the previous level. My movements are not only skillful, but also rhythmic and aesthetic. Wen said, "Hey, good! Is this the end of technical cover? "Wen Huijun's appreciation, using two modal particles, is a high praise for my stunt." Is this the end of technology? "How can you be so smart? This question opened the way of writing and aroused my discussion. My master talked about his experience, experience and understanding of the feelings of cattle. " When the first minister solved the cow, he saw nothing but the cow. "When he first slaughtered the cow, he regarded the cow as a whole cow in his eyes. I haven't seen all the cows for three years. After three years, this cow is no longer regarded as a whole cow. I am familiar with the physiological structure of cattle, so it gives me the feeling that it is a freely detachable part. From the feeling of the whole cow to the feeling of the piecemeal cow, it actually reflects my technical improvement. Then, I specifically talked about his feelings when he understood cows. " With God, not through sight, officer Zhi Zhi and desire. According to heaven, approve and guide the big, because it is a matter of course. "My understanding of cattle has reached a high level. He feels that the cow does not rely on the five senses, but on his own feelings. Here, the role of the five senses has reached a mature and sublimated state, and the role of the spirit can be said to be fascinating. What is the reason? My master explained: "According to heaven, it is natural to criticize and guide the big ones. "That is to say, according to the original situation and natural structure of things (that is, cows), separate natural gaps and pass through them. Then, I said how to use the gap to save myself. " Good guys change knives "and change knives every year. What is the reason? This is because he cuts there. "I have to change my knife every month at home", so I have to change my knife every month. What is the reason? Because he missed the blade. My master compared Good Man with Clan Man to show his superb technique. Today's minister's knife took 19 years and solved thousands of cows. If the blade is newly developed. "He said that his butcher knife took 19 years and killed thousands of cows, but the blade was as good as new. So, why can this skilled worker make the butcher knife 19 as sharp as it was at the beginning? This is because he can find a gap in the cow. My master is good at finding, finding and using cracks, and the blade is not as thick as cracks, so there is room for repair. It is handy and can be maneuvered. " It's been 19 years, but the blade is new. "Summarizing the above, it reveals the fundamental reason why thousands of cows were slaughtered in 19 and the blade is still sharp. The above is the general experience of understanding cattle, focusing on finding the gap. What I am talking about below is to understand the special experience of cattle and focus on concentration. "As for the clan, I find it difficult. "My master is not without difficulties, and sometimes he will encounter difficulties. The author's writing in this way actually enhances the authenticity of the article and shows that my husband is not a god, but a good cook who is good at overcoming difficulties in practice. The author wrote like this: "If you are afraid, you will stop, you will act late and rarely use a knife. "Draw a vivid portrait of my behavior." "Fear of abstinence" shows his high vigilance. Look until ",otherwise, fix your sight. "Late behavior", slow action and cautious performance. "The knife is very small." Cut it gently. Because of this serious treatment of the problem, the key will be solved in an instant. As a metaphor, "If the Earth Covers the Ground" shows the results of overcoming difficulties-the "key" on the cow fell to the ground like collapsed soil. Then, it describes the happy mood after overcoming difficulties: "Stand with a knife, look around, aim high, and hide it with a good knife." "Standing there with a knife, looking around, that energy is really lifelike and triumphant, then clean the knife and collect it. The ideological content of this essay is complicated, which reflects the complexity of Zhuangzi's thought. In order to make the problem clear, we want to analyze it from two aspects: First, the original intention of Zhuangzi's exposition. Zhuangzi's My Skillful Knowledge of Cattle is selected from the internal article Master of Health. The so-called "health master" is to raise "life master", that is, to raise spirit. So, how to raise the spirit? Is to be good at finding the gap, concentrate, "according to heaven, criticize and guide the big, because it is natural", avoid contradictions, and protect yourself like a blade. This philosophy of avoiding contradictions and preserving oneself comes from Zhuangzi's philosophy and world outlook. The second is the objective significance provided by Zhuangzi's fables. This fable is the material used by Zhuangzi to illustrate his point of view. This material gives us some enlightenment: to understand cattle, we must master the internal structure of cattle; When dealing with things, we should master the original laws of things. If you master the rules, you can adapt and then do things well. The skilled worker works so fast and beautifully because he has practiced a lot. When I first started practicing, I watched "whole cow"; After practice, "I have never seen a whole cow. "After many practices, the butcher's knife is still sharp in the past 19 years, and it is handy to master things. These views are not inherent in Zhuangzi, but come from this fable. Pay attention to this. Historical records, Lao tze Han Fei biographies, said Zhuangzi is also a fable. This fable of "an expert who knows cows" is also successful in artistic expression. The foregoing description is sufficient and the latter is reasonable. At first, I used sixteen words: "the touch of my hand, the leaning of my shoulder, the stepping of my foot and the squatting of my knee" to write my moving posture when I learned about cows, and then I wrote the beauty of dancing together. With all this, the admiration of Wen has a basis. Only by getting the appreciation of the text can there be expert discussion. In this way, it is very natural to undertake the transformation of literature and meaning. General description is combined with centralized description. When I introduced the experience of knowing cattle, I roughly described my feelings three years ago and the situation of using a knife in 19. And there is a concentrated description in the overview. For example, it focuses on the scene of a skilled worker solving a difficult problem, especially after the problem is solved, "stand up with a knife, look around for it, be full of ambition, and hide it with a good knife", and its pride is vividly on the paper.