Allergic diseases, as a common and frequently-occurring disease, also have an important impact on children's normal growth and health. How to identify allergic diseases? How should parents take care of allergic babies at home? ...
Recently, Director Li visited the Allergy Department of Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University. Under the guidance of the Propaganda Department of the National Health and Wellness Committee, Health Talk was broadcast live by Health Newspaper and Healthy China Government Affairs New Media Platform, which made an authoritative interpretation of the common problems of children's allergic diseases and the public's cognitive misunderstandings.
Children have these symptoms.
Stay alert
The occurrence and development of allergic diseases in children are not achieved overnight. Parents should not ignore some allergic symptoms that children show in their lives.
The so-called prodromal symptoms mainly refer to the early symptoms that have been shown before the allergy is relatively persistent and serious.
One is skin symptoms, such as erythema and rash on children, especially after outdoor activities or eating certain foods (including milk, eggs, pasta, and even some common fruits and vegetables).
Second, nasal symptoms such as runny nose, stuffy nose, itchy nose and raised nose wings, and even some babies scratch and squeeze their eyes, or have slight nasal congestion and snoring during sleep. Some children will have foreign body sensation or chewing-like movements in the pharynx during sleep. Such children often find nasal secretions attached to the posterior pharyngeal wall after physical examination.
The third is "small gestures", such as blinking, reading quickly or sighing when talking.
These phenomena are not easily associated with "allergy". If it is frequent, don't misjudge it as "cold", "hyperactivity" and "sound sleep", and be alert to early allergic inflammatory reactions.
When parents find that their children may be allergic, they can take them to the hospital for blood routine and respiratory inflammation index examination.
Got allergic rhinitis
Don't be careless
Allergic rhinitis is a common allergic disease in children. When children are exposed to certain allergens (such as pollen, mold, dust mites, etc.). ), it will cause non-infectious chronic inflammation of the nose, which can be manifested as seasonal acute attack and sudden aggravation of symptoms.
The most direct symptom of allergic rhinitis is the "strange itching" of the nose. Many children rub their noses with their hands for a long time and gradually form a directional action, which is called "allergic salute", that is, repeatedly rubbing their noses from bottom to top or rubbing their noses in circles. Due to long-term friction, the child's nose is also prone to form nasal stripes. This kind of child will shed a lot of clear nose, even in a quiet state, there will be clear nose flowing out of the nasal cavity.
These are the signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis in children. In addition, some children will have eye symptoms, such as itchy eyes, swollen eyes and blue-purple skin under eyelids (dark circles).
Allergic rhinitis is difficult to heal itself, and early diagnosis and treatment are very important. Parents should not wait for their children to develop moderate to severe allergic rhinitis before taking them to see a doctor. At present, the medical treatment of allergic rhinitis is relatively mature. Among them, disease management and disease prevention are also important links.
It should be emphasized that if allergens are identified, they must be avoided. For example, some children are allergic to pets and should try to stay away from pets; Some children are allergic to mites, so parents should regularly clean, dry or replace mattresses, pillows, sofas, curtains and other household items.
How to distinguish the common cold from allergic rhinitis?
Some parents don't know how to distinguish the common cold from allergic rhinitis. There are three main points here.
One is different symptoms. In addition to nasal symptoms, children with common cold often have mild cough, stuffy nose, fever and fatigue. But there are few symptoms of itchy nose and excessive nasal discharge. Second, the course of disease is different. The course of the common cold is mostly one week, while the course of allergic rhinitis is long or short, which is directly related to allergens. Third, the onset season is different. Common colds often occur in autumn and winter, while allergic rhinitis can be seasonal or perennial.
Recurrent eczema
Cleaning and moisturizing are very important.
Eczema or atopic dermatitis is another common allergic problem in children. Allergic diseases are often a systematic problem. It can be said that skin eczema is a prelude to the natural process of allergic diseases. Children's recurrent eczema is a great challenge to parents' care ability.
How to care for children with eczema?
Generally speaking, the treatment of eczema is mainly based on nursing. Many people think that children with eczema can't take a bath and their skin lesions can't get wet. These are actually cognitive misunderstandings.
First of all, cleanliness is one of the key points of eczema care. There are many microorganisms on the surface of human skin, which cause eczema. If cleanliness is not guaranteed, many harmful bacteria will invade the skin, causing infection and further aggravating eczema.
Parents can prepare 38% warm water for their children and wash them quickly. Be careful not to use any soap or shower gel. After washing, quickly dip a dry towel in water. Then change the child into clean cotton breathable clothes. It is necessary to avoid over-dressing children, for fear of catching cold, so that sweat can't be discharged and eczema can be aggravated.
Secondly, moisturizing treatment is essential, which requires a lot of high-intensity moisturizing. Moisturize for about 30 minutes, and you can use eczema cream.
What should I do if I am always worried that the ointment is not safe?
Under the guidance of a doctor, eczema can be quickly controlled or even cured by using enough epidermal hormones for a full course of treatment.
However, many parents are worried about the side effects of drugs and often use drugs "fishing for three days and drying the net for two days". In fact, this kind of worry is unnecessary.
At present, most of the topical skin hormone drugs used in clinic are weak. Some drugs for external use are not hormone drugs, and some are immunomodulatory drugs, which can inhibit children's immune overreaction. Coupled with skin moisturizing and cleaning care, it can promote the rapid improvement of children's skin barrier function.
Children's self-medication
Unsafe/unsafe
Some people keep all kinds of anti-allergic drugs at home, or buy the so-called eczema "magic medicine" from the Internet. From the perspective of medical workers, we still hope that allergic children can receive treatment under the professional guidance of doctors. Because it is difficult for parents to control drug selection and dose control from a professional perspective.
In addition, parents should be cautious when buying medicines online. Anti-allergic drugs and nasal lavage devices should be purchased in medical institutions and selected under the guidance of doctors.
It should be noted that some parents like to refer to the medication of colleagues or friends and children, and think that what others have used is safe and reassuring. Actually, it is not.
Allergic diseases have strong personalized characteristics. Every child's symptoms are different, and medication is also different. Blind reference to other people's medication will not only fail to achieve the therapeutic effect, but also delay the treatment opportunity.
(This article is organized according to the live content)
Doctor's business card
Xiang Li, Director of Allergy Department of Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, is mainly engaged in medical work and clinical research in children's asthma, allergic diseases and children's lung function. He has rich clinical diagnosis and treatment experience and scientific research achievements in children's bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, repeated cough and asthma in infants, chronic cough, cough variant asthma, hay fever, urticaria and specific immunotherapy. The first members of the national health science expert database.
Brief introduction of "health lecture"
In order to implement the State Council's opinions on the implementation of Healthy China Action, promote the popularization of health knowledge, give full play to the technical support role of experts, and provide scientific health science knowledge for the people, in early 2020, the Health China Action Promotion Office announced the first batch of members of the national health science expert database to the public. In order to mobilize experts to actively participate in popular science activities and form a series of brands, the Expert Database Management Office organized a series of live broadcast activities of "Healthy Everyone Talk-National Health Popular Science Experts", which was implemented by the Healthy China Government New Media Platform, striving to aggregate national expert resources, create excellent popular science columns, and promote them through the Healthy China Government New Media Matrix to expand the spread of authoritative popular science content.
Planning: Fangtong
Text: Xia Haibo