Liang's son is nine years old and very clever. Junping Kong thought of his father, but when his father was away, he shouted. In order to set fruit, the fruit has bayberry. Confucius pointed out to his son and said, "This is the fruit of your family." The son replied, "I haven't heard that peacock is a master of poultry."

In Liang State, there is a family named Yang. He has a nine-year-old son who is very clever. One day, Junping Kong came to visit his father. It happened that his father was not at home, so Junping Kong called the child out. The child brought Junping Kong fruits, including bayberry. Junping Kong pointed to Yangmei and showed it to the child, saying, "This is the fruit of your family." The child immediately replied, "I haven't heard that peacock is your bird."

Bo ya Jue xian

Boya is good at playing drums, but Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. Boya Guqin, looking at the mountains in the distance, Zhong Ziqi said, "Well, I am like Mount Tai!" Determined to run water, Zhong Ziqi said, "Good, like a river!" Zhong Ziqi will understand what Boya said. Boya swam in the shadow of Mount Tai. When he died in the rainstorm, he stopped at the bottom of the rock and felt sad, so he played the drums with the help of the piano. At the beginning, it was Lin Yu's operation that made the voice of mountain collapse louder. Every time a song is played, Zhong Ziqi needs to be poor for its benefit. Boya gave up the piano and sighed, "Good, good! The child listens to her husband's voice, and the imagination is still in my heart. Why should I run away? "

Zhong Ziqi is a good listener. Boya Guqin, looking at the mountains in the distance, Zhong Ziqi said, "Well, I am like Mount Tai!" Determined to run water, Zhong Ziqi said, "Good, like a river!" Zhong Ziqi will understand what Boya said. When he died as a child, Boya said that there was no bosom friend in the world, but he broke the piano and never played drums all his life.

Boya is good at playing the piano, while Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. When Boya played the piano, he thought of the towering Mount Tai in his heart. Zhong Ziqi listened with admiration: "Good! This piano sounds like the towering Mount Tai! " When Boya played the piano, he thought of the surging river in his heart. Zhong Ziqi praised: "Well, the piano sounds like a rushing river!" Boya's ideas, Zhong Ziqi can accurately tell his thoughts. After Zhong Ziqi's death, Boya thought that no one in the world knew his confidant better than Zhong Ziqi. So, he broke his beloved piano, cut the strings and never played the piano for life.

2. What are the new curriculum standards of classical Chinese stipulated in the new textbook of People's Education Edition? The requirements for reading classical Chinese are: to be able to read simple classical Chinese, to understand the basic content with the help of notes and reference books, and to recite 80 excellent poems. The new curriculum standard puts forward higher teaching requirements and evaluation requirements for classical Chinese teaching in middle schools: "Read ancient poems, and consciously improve your appreciation taste and aesthetic taste through accumulation, perception and application. The new curriculum standard clearly puts forward the teaching goal of classical Chinese for us, evaluates students' reading of ancient poetry and simple classical Chinese, and focuses on the process of students' memorization and accumulation, whether they can understand the theme of poetry with the help of notes and reference books, rather than examining the mastery of knowledge such as morphology and syntax. " The knowledge of morphology and syntax should not be the key content of the exam, but should be a yardstick for our innovation in classical Chinese teaching.

We can break it down into the following goals:

1, read the text smoothly and master the sentence reading of the text;

2. Understand the common notional words and function words, so as to understand the general idea of the sentence;

3. Understand the thoughts and feelings contained in the text;

4. Memorize the paragraphs or articles required to be recited in the text and the ancient poems and articles recommended to be recited in the outline.

5. Understand the main artistic features and expressions of the text.

Stylistic analysis of classical Chinese in junior high school

The review of classical Chinese in junior high school is a difficult point in the review of senior high school entrance examination. Reviewing according to style can make students master all kinds of classical Chinese comprehensively and systematically, and the effect will be better. The styles we came into contact with in junior high school are as follows:

Travel Notes: It is a kind of prose style that describes travel experiences. Travel notes have a wide range of materials, which can describe the beauty of famous mountains and rivers, record the peculiar richness of local customs, reflect the daily life of a person and a family, and also record the major events of a country and express the author's thoughts and feelings. The style of writing is relaxed, vivid and informative, which gives people rich social knowledge and a good feeling. Travel notes are either argumentative, such as the story of Yueyang Tower, or scientific, such as the Three Gorges in Li Daoyuan. There are also those with * * * colors, such as Liu Zongyuan's The Story of Little Stone Pond.

Say: it is a style used in ancient times to explain things through narration, discussion or explanation. This style often adopts the technique of expressing meaning by holding objects. Such as Ma Shuo by Han Yu and Ailian by Zhou Dunyi;

Statement: the style of stating an idea or thing. Such as Zhuge Liang's "Model";

Irony: In ancient times, people were euphemistically persuaded to accept the opinions of their subordinates through metaphors and hints. Zou Ji satirized Qi Wang Nengchen;

Preface: one of the ancient styles, written for farewell. There are many words of praise, praise or encouragement. For example, Song Lian, a writer in the Ming Dynasty, wrote "Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang";

Inscription: An ancient writing carved on an object to warn oneself or state achievements, called "inscription". Such as Liu Yuxi's "Humble Room Inscription".

Junior high school classical Chinese reading exam kaodian

Classical Chinese reading in the senior high school entrance examination mainly examines the classic paragraphs in the class.

(a) test sites mainly include:

1, common sense of literature (accurate and skilled, not confusing, good handwriting, paying attention to articles and literature knowledge related to this article)

2, font, pronunciation (look for it, read it correctly, pay attention to variant characters, polyphonic words, and interchangeable words)

3. Dictation (the ancient prose specified in the textbook) (accurate and skilled, with standard writing, no typos, white characters, no words, few words, no cursive script, no simplified words, neat fonts and clear handwriting. Pay attention to famous sentences, thematic sentences, descriptive sentences, rhetorical sentences)

4. The translation of notional words (mainly based on the notes in the book, accurate and comprehensive, special usage, attention should be paid to the "what's the meaning here" in the notes. )

3. The classical Chinese texts that need to be mastered in the senior high school entrance examination are Zou Ji's Irony to Be Tested, Peach Blossom Garden, Three Gorges, Humble Room Inscription, Little Stone Pond, Yueyang Tower, Ailian Night Visit to Chengtian Temple, Watching Luo, Seeing the Sea, Drinking, and Watching the Sea. I heard that Wang Changling left and asked Long Biao to send him away. Enjoy Letian Yangzhou's first dinner ceremony, watch wheat cutting, spring outing in Qiantang Lake, Yanmen Taishouxing, Chibi, Bo Qinhuai, notes for a friend in the north on a rainy night, untitled, happy, fisherman's lofty sentiments, Huanxisha, boarding Feilaifeng, Jiangchengzi, water turning around, visiting Shanxi village, breaking the array, crossing Dingyang, clearing the sky and sand, and making a living.

That's all.

4. How do primary school students master the most basic classical Chinese? Pupils have a strong thirst for knowledge and curiosity. In primary school, you'd better cultivate your good accumulation habits. The formation of good habits is the most basic thing for a person. So I suggest that this child find some poems that he is interested in, accumulate them by himself, and communicate with his classmates when he has time!

Cultivate interest

Some students complained that we don't need classical Chinese today, so why should we learn "whatever"? This statement is very poor: First of all, classical Chinese is the bearing form of all ancient cultures in China. Medicine, mathematics, astronomy and geography are all written in classical Chinese and have been handed down to this day. To cultivate students' interest in learning classical Chinese, they should actively read classical Chinese after class. They can read some story-telling and easy-to-understand classical Chinese, especially some idiom stories that students are familiar with (or have learned from the text before), such as "Zheng Ren buys shoes", "Yang Miao" and "stealing clocks". You'd better try to read it yourself.

Read classical Chinese well

Compared with modern Chinese, classical Chinese is more difficult to learn. Compared with modern Chinese, classical Chinese is quite different in terms of words and sentence patterns. However, the study of classical Chinese, like the study of modern Chinese, needs to proceed from the whole, that is, from the "text".

First of all, we should read the full text skillfully, make the text fluent and grasp the meaning of the text on the basis of reading. So we must read classical Chinese well and read it smoothly. The reading requirements of classical Chinese are: first, slow down the reading speed; Second, pause appropriately; Third, read the tone of different sentences. For example, the correct pause of "thinking about shooting with bows and arrows" in learning games is "thinking about shooting with bows and arrows"; "Why is it wise?" Read the tone of rhetorical questions; "Yes, yes" should be pronounced in a positive tone.

Read classical Chinese

How to read it? The quickest way is to combine the notes in the text. On the basis of reading the text well and thoroughly, I try to understand the general meaning of each sentence in combination with the characteristics of language expression I usually master. At the same time, carry forward the spirit of independent cooperation, unite and cooperate with other students, so as to understand the main content of the text.

5. The more opposing views on "Do you want to learn classical Chinese well?". The better. We don't advocate writing classical Chinese, because we modern people speak and write modern Chinese. For example, classical English can't be used in the United Nations. Of course, the CPC Central Committee should use modern Chinese when making statements and engaging in business activities. So we primary and middle school students should focus on learning modern Chinese. I think we should learn some classical Chinese. The purpose is to understand the literary talent of our ancient culture in China and the splendor of our ancient culture in China, which will make them a little interested and have a little sense of national pride, but the main time and energy should be spent on learning modern Chinese well. At present, classical Chinese in high school textbooks accounts for 50%. We have studied more than 50% and got less than 20%. Therefore, our study of classical Chinese is overwhelmed. Those rural areas with low education level can't even teach modern Chinese, let alone classical Chinese. I think the basis of learning modern Chinese well is to learn standard modern Chinese well. The vernacular has always had its own products. It didn't evolve from classical Chinese. Modern vernacular Chinese evolved from modern vernacular Chinese, and modern vernacular Chinese evolved from medieval vernacular Chinese. I don't agree with Mr Han. He said that only by learning classical Chinese can we learn vernacular Chinese well, which is misleading. For example, you get drunk after eating, and you get drunk after drinking. You can't say I'll get drunk, can you? ! Mr. Zhu Ziqing said that vernacular Chinese is much more refined and rigorous than classical Chinese. Why not take the time to learn it? Classical Chinese cannot be regarded as a necessary learning condition for modern Chinese. If we learn classical Chinese well, we can certainly learn vernacular Chinese well. I don't think there is an inevitable logical connection. Kong Yi, for example, is full of words, but his classical Chinese is not good. Learning classical Chinese doesn't need to learn vernacular Chinese, but you can learn from the vernacular books you are in contact with now. Lu Xun and Guo Moruo are both literary masters, but they also write vernacular Chinese. They experienced the era of classical Chinese and the situation of classical Chinese, so in the May 4th period, they proposed to oppose old literature and advocate new literature through new culture. If every pore of Lu Xun is soaked in the sauce jar of classical Chinese, he can't be the main leader of the New Culture Movement. He used modern ideas, modern concepts and modern thinking. We should speak in classical Chinese, publish articles and engage in negotiations. It is an iron fact that classical Chinese has no vitality until now. Man has created all the knowledge, and no one in the world can master it all. Therefore, our society must have a division of labor, in the words of ordinary people, beating gongs to sell sugar and doing their own work. In Han Yu's words, there is specialization in the technical field. After entering the university, it is necessary for these people who study the history of Chinese mathematics to master classical Chinese. However, in other words, we do not advocate that all primary and secondary school students devote a lot of energy to learning classical Chinese, because most of them will be workers, farmers, businessmen and leading cadres in the future, and they may not need it. I can say that in our Chinese Department, ancient Chinese is the most troublesome course for China students. Some of our college students say that reading a few pages of ancient Chinese before going to bed at night can replace taking sleeping pills. I think I have never been particularly interested in classical Chinese since primary school, because I don't have that kind of learning environment. As a primary school student, when you told him, "Let's straighten my cloudy sail and build a bridge in the deep sea," he didn't understand the meaning at all. He can only shake his head and back. Parents watch their children recite these things all day, and it must be very uncomfortable when their children are struggling to recite them. I think there is another simple reason. Our language is used for communication, so let everyone understand it first, that is to say, primary school students should learn to communicate with others first. In addition, in any case, parents now teach their children in dialects when they are born. They should go back to the basics and apply what they have learned. Some people speak vernacular or classical Chinese, and they are all in Chinese. The basic function of language is communication. This is spoken and written language, or a tool for thinking. I admit it. Classical Chinese is concise, but sometimes it is too concise for us to understand. While we were studying the story of Yueyang Tower, we participated in the interpretation of a word. In the textbook, "next year" means the third year, but our Chinese teacher said it was just revised in the new textbook this year, and then I felt that this made me doubt. The annotation of classical Chinese was given by predecessors, but it was later changed, so we learned it. So there is no need to learn classical Chinese. I want to ask you a question. On April 22nd, China Education News put forward the view that "you can't find your way home without learning classical Chinese". What I want to ask you is, where is our home? Mr. Lu Xun said, I opened the history, which is full of benevolence, righteousness and morality. After watching it carefully for a long time, I saw two words eating people from the cracks. This country is a home full of ethical procedures of monarch, minister and son and strict feudal hierarchy. This family has no human rights, no equality and no law. Should we take the teenagers back? We want to inherit the excellent cultural heritage, but we don't need to know it deeply. Classical Chinese itself has certain depth and difficulty. It is impossible for everyone to understand and understand the truth. Since it is difficult, why can't it be passed down like classical music and folk dance? I'm not asking you, but I want to distinguish one of the most basic concepts: learning, appreciation and edification. What we disapprove of is the proportion of strong classical Chinese in basic education, rather than opposing the edification of classical Chinese. There are two different concepts in the mentality of contacting classical Chinese. One is the national historical and cultural tradition accumulated behind me for thousands of years. We can rely on it as a big tree, not as a burden to each of us.

6. Three hundred and fifty classical Chinese words required by middle school students (you read it wrong, it is 120). The classification of 120 required by senior high school students in classical Chinese is 1 Love your son, choose a teacher to teach him (love) 2 Qin loves luxury, and people are homesick (like, like) 3. Leisure) 4 Make the three countries love their places (pity, leisure) 5 Give a lotus flower out of the mud without dyeing (love, appreciation) 6 The ancient heritage of love is also (grace) 7 Love without seeing it, scratching your head (hiding, hiding) 2 An 1 Wind and rain do not move like a mountain? (Stability) Why put a person in a quiet place.

(Safe) 3 Then rest for one night (Comfortable) 4. It is best to be peaceful and make a good alliance (comfort) 5. Wang Ping camped ten miles from the mountain. The general greeted him, and he wanted to be safe. Adequate food and clothing (health) 8. When he came, it was 65438+ make-safe) 3. Can't complain (passive) 3 General's body is firm and sharp, (put on or put on his body) 4 Yinze Panfa (spread by "put on") 5 Sleeping in one day, lying on the ground (quilt) 6 Snowy mountains and mountains, covered by several states in South Vietnam 4 times (covered) 1. I hope Bo has the courage to make a statement. Doubled) 4 Every holiday season, I miss my relatives (more and more) 5 times 1. Where I plant trees, I want to relax, and the cover (roots or stems of herbs) is also (fundamentally) opposite to my roots. Basic) 3 This is called losing the original heart (original, original) 4. It's difficult to keep its original today, and it's not difficult to record it by hand. If it has its own chapter (a memorial or letter from a courtier to the emperor) 6, it is called a lost chapter. Suppress its success or failure (investigate its origin, check) 7. If it stops printing three or two books (quantifiers, units of measurement of books) 8. Boasting modesty 4 Confucius despised his trifles (despised) 7 soldiers 1, gathered in Xianyang (weapons, ordnance) 2 Zhao Yisheng set up soldiers for Qin, and Qin did not dare to move (soldiers, troops) 3, so he went to the army to make plans, followed by cutting (tactics, tactics) 4 or so (killing people with weapons) 5 Military symbol: ancient transfer coupons, and then I was ill for a long time. Be affectionate (understand, understand). Four people can observe (observe and see white) with their own bodies. Five people are clear enough to observe the end of autumn. Six people can observe without fish (be smart). Wearing Chao 10+0 (Zhao Chenchen). Like every dynasty, two people often claim to be sick (see, bye). Worship) 4 So I went to the imperial court to see Wang Wei (Imperial Court) 5 and devoted my heart to him for six years, but I didn't listen to the Imperial Court (Imperial Court) 7. I sit south to north (right, right) 1 1, but I can't destroy a hair of the mountain (used for emphasis, sometimes it is equivalent to "Lian-Du-"people sending slaves to live (once) 3. Hou Sheng said nothing (unexpectedly) 4. He is tall and twice as old (he is a relative separated from himself for two generations) 5. Energy (increase) 12, journey 1, as a servant (driving, riding, riding) 2. Riding) 4 riding in Ezhu, looking back (boarding) 5 to Chen, six or seven hundred riding in the car, (Sheng quantifier, one car and four horses for one ride in ancient times) 6 riding in Weixian, Niu Erqi Division (4) 1 30% 1 Di Gancheng (sincere) 2 died of defeat, sincere (true) sincere)/kl Eliminate the residue and filth for the Han family (except, except) 3. Promote advantages and eliminate disadvantages (shift, shift) 4. Demolition of Wei Yan's abandoned shrine site for burial (renovation and repair) 5. Remove the right prime minister and a Tang envoy (slowly) 15 words 1 and Hou Sheng once sent me a word and a half (words, words) 2 All words are called Fu Jian (words, texts) 3 Moving to the DPRK as an excuse (excuse) 4 I will not avoid it even after I die, and I have a drink and quit (refusal) 5 Here I am. 8 Be knowledgeable and strong, know how to control chaos, and be good at rhetoric (rhetoric: the rhetoric of entertainment) 9 The king of Qin was afraid that he would hit the wall, but he politely refused (politely refused, politely apologized) 10 Recently resigned from the crime (command) 16 Riding to see Cong 1 Pei Gong Danri (following is very chaotic (learning) Later, her aunt died in battle (participated), 7 came from Ruyun (with people), 8 wanted to die (indulged), 6. Its seal was to give the group income (the next closest relative of the clan), 7 cooperated and formed an association, and became one (communication).

East-west horizontal, north-south vertical. Union: the strategy of six countries to unite against Qin in the Warring States Period) 8. It is worthy of the name, but it is still worthy of Cao's engagement (engagement, official name) 9. Cheap can do, be sure to report to me 10. However, you are all grandfathers of Qu Yuan's leisurely rhetoric (leisurely, unhurried and unhurried) 17. Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle. It's almost the same as Yu Tong (probably, I'm afraid) 18 dang 1 Mulan dang (right, right) 2. When it rents (offsets) 3. When there is a big stone flowing in the middle (blocking, resisting) 4. North invited traitors to meet (host, host) 5. Reading Dou E gourd is a crime.