Qiu Chuji was born in 1 148, a native of Shandong, whose real name is "Changchun Zi". He studied under Wang Zhongyang, the founder of Quanzhen Sect, and was one of the famous "Quanzhen Seven Sons". 12 17 became the fifth head of quanzhen religion. At that time, due to frequent wars and sufferings of people's livelihood, many people joined Quanzhen Sect to seek spiritual sustenance, and Quanzhen Sect became famous in the north. And 70-year-old Qiu Chuji, with beautiful hair, blue eyes and square eyes, is said to be proficient in "the art of longevity" and "the art of governing the world". These rumors also reached the ears of Genghis Khan, who led an army to the west to explore China. At this time, the great Khan was in his ear, and he felt that his energy was declining and his old age was approaching. People around him advised him that Qiu Chuji, who is over 300 years old, must have the ability to live forever. Such a fairy should be invited quickly. So, in 12 19, Genghis Khan wrote a humble and sincere letter and sent Liu Zhonglu to invite Qiu Chuji.
At first, Qiu Chuji was embarrassed to receive the imperial edict. Quanzhen always advocates abstinence and quiet, and doesn't want to have anything to do with troubled times politics. To this end, he refused the invitation of Jin and the Southern Song Dynasty. However, Qiu Chuji assessed the situation and thought that Mongolian rulers were likely to rule the country. For the development of Quanzhen religion, he finally decided to petition. At the same time, he also wants to take the opportunity to persuade Mongolia to sweat less and kill innocent people.
1In the early summer of 222, Qiu Chuji finally arrived at Daxue Mountain (now Hindu Kush Mountain) and met Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan was very happy when he saw that Qiu Chuji was really a sage like type, so he came straight to the point and begged him for the elixir of life. Qiu Chuji is obviously mentally prepared. He said: "There is only a way to live, and there is no medicine to live forever." People who are short-lived are all because they "don't know the way of hygiene." The way to preserve one's health is to "clear one's heart and lack desires", that is, "one is to get rid of distractions, the other is to reduce selfish desires, and the third is to maintain peace of mind."
Khan suddenly lost his front hoof while hunting and shooting a wild boar, but the wild boar was afraid to pounce on Genghis Khan. Afterwards, Qiu Chuji remonstrated, saying, "Heaven has the virtue of good life. Your majesty is old now, so he should go out hunting less. Falling off a horse is God's warning to your majesty. And the wild boar dare not approach, it is God who is protecting your majesty. " Genghis Khan was convinced of this and said to the people around him, "As long as it is the advice of the gods, I will certainly do it in the future." When Genghis Khan crossed the bridge, the bridge was suddenly broken by lightning. Qiu Chuji said that this is God's warning to Mongolians who are not filial to their parents. So Genghis Khan told the people of China to obey the instructions of the gods and be filial. Qiu Chuji also advised Genghis Khan many times that the art of governing the country should be based on "respecting heaven and loving the people", and should sympathize with the sufferings of the people and protect their lives.
Although these "secret recipes" formulated by Qiu Chuji were not really needed by Genghis Khan and were not fully recognized by him, they alleviated the cruel killing of * * * by Mongolian rulers to some extent. Emperor Kangxi once praised: "When you stop killing in one word, you will know that you have made great contributions to saving the world."
In the spring of 1223, Qiu Chuji stayed with Genghis Khan for a year. Not adapting to the plateau climate and missing his homeland, Qiu Chuji decided to return to the East. In March, Khan reluctantly bid farewell to Qiu Chuji and gave him many treasures, but he was declined. So Genghis Khan issued a letter to exempt Quanzhen believers from taxes and sent five thousand cavalry to escort him home.
Qiu Chuji, anxious to return, completed the whole journey in only four months. Genghis Khan also issued an imperial edict, asking whether his return trip was smooth and whether his life was normal now, and said, "I often miss immortals, and immortals should not forget me!" " "Later, Genghis Khan gave Qiu Chuji the official seal of Khufu, and ordered Yanjing Province to give the imperial garden of the former ruler to Quanzhen Sect to build a palace view. Since then, Qiu Chuji has been able to carry forward Quanzhen religion, build Taoist temples, take charge of Taoism in the world, and achieved the status equivalent to that of a Mongolian teacher. Qiu Chuji also rescued a large number of people from the Central Plains with official seals, and rescued 20,000 to 30,000 people who were taken into slavery by the Mongols. 1227, Qiu Chuji died at the age of 79. After his death, disciple Li Zhichang took over Quanzhen Sect.
During Yuan Taizu 15 and 18 years (1220 ~ 1223), Zhu Ji of A Qiu was summoned to visit the Great Snow Mountain in the Western Regions, and A Qiu of Yuan Taizu was treated with courtesy. A Qiu ordered him to take charge of Taoism, build temples and enter its heyday. In the process of development, O constantly invaded Buddhist monasteries and publicized the theory that "Laozi became a Hu", which caused the monks' dissatisfaction with O and led to the eight-year (1258) dispute between Buddhism and Taoism. As a result, Quanzhen Road failed. The imperial edict of Xianzong ordered Quanzhen Daoism to return more than 200 monasteries it occupied, and caused Taoist priests to burn Laozi's Hu Jing and its engraving. In the 18th year of Yuan Shizu-Yuan Dynasty (128 1), Asheng Daoism was debated again, and Ah Quanzhen Daoism ended in failure. The imperial edict burned all other Daoist classics except Tao Te Ching, and Ah Quanzhen Daoism suffered a heavy blow. In Yuan Chengzong, the O-ban was gradually relaxed and Quanzhen Road was restored. In the Ming Dynasty, the court attached importance to the road of justice, while the road of quanzhen was relatively weakened. After entering the Qing Dynasty, it declined.
There are many historical materials in the early period of Quanzhen Daoism, including Wang Zhongyang's works and Beiqizhen's works. The religious history includes Qin Zhi 'an's Record of Jin Ping Mei, Li Daoqian's Chronicle of Qizhen, The True Biography of Zhong Nanshan Zutingxian, Ganshui Fairy Source Record and so on. But there are not many historical materials in the later period. The Daoyuan in Changchun written by Chen Ming in Qing Dynasty and the New Taoism in Hebei in the Early Southern Song Dynasty written by Chen Yuan today have made some textual research and discussion on the history of Quanzhen Taoism.