Sima Guang wrote a lot in his life, including Sima Zheng Gong Wen, Ji Gu Lu, Su Shui Ji, Xu Qian and so on.
Personality assessment
Sima Guang is an outstanding thinker and educator who is filial to his parents, friendly to his brothers, loyal to the monarch and trustworthy, respectful and frugal, upright and upright, gentle and courteous. Historically, Sima Guang was once regarded as one of the three saints of Confucianism (the other two were Confucius and Mencius). Everything he does is measured, and everything he says and does conforms to etiquette. When he was in Luoyang, every time he went to Xiaxian to sweep the grave, he had to pass through his brother Sima Dan's home. Sima Dan is almost eighty years old. Sima Guang still serves him like strict father and protects him like a baby. Growing up, he never said anything casually. He said: "I have nothing better than others, but I have never concealed what I have done in my life." His sincerity comes from nature and people all over the world respect and trust him. People in Luoyang, Shaanxi Province follow his example, compare with him and learn from his good character. People do bad things and say, "Does Sima Jun really not know?"
Sima Guang is indifferent to property and material enjoyment and has no hobbies, but he is not proficient in learning. He didn't like Buddhism and Taoism and said, "The subtle meaning of Buddhism and Taoism can't exceed my book, but I don't believe it's absurd." He owns three hectares of land in Luoyang. After his wife died, he sold his land as funeral expenses. He lived on bread and simple clothes all his life until his death.
However, Sima Guang's political career is not outstanding. He is regarded as a typical representative of China ancient literati's conservative thought. Although he thought that "Wang Anshi's new law can be superior to the old one", he was actually dissatisfied with Wang Anshi, so he returned the land seized by soldiers with his life to Xixia without compensation, regardless of the pros and cons. In the future, the dispute between the old and new parties will become a dispute between passion and power, and will no longer focus on the operation of state affairs.
The Song Dynasty suffered many wars and defeats, and the national situation has reached an urgent point. Sima Guang still insists on patriarchal clan system and ethical principles to govern the country, but he can't come up with effective policies and guidelines except the new law. Zhu praised Sima Guang, but said that "Yuan sages spoke the truth behind closed doors" and "Wen Gong's theory didn't take care of each other before and after, and he (Zhang Dun) caught the disease one by one and knocked him unconscious".
History book evaluation
History of Song Dynasty: Ning Xinfa sickens people, there is chaos in the sea, and advice is insufficient. Judge honestly and discard it. Ministers who amass wealth are advancing day by day, and the people will be abused by them for twenty years. When the time is right, the Illuminati will retreat, if this situation lasts for a lifetime. The sage and gentleman in the world, as well as the mediocre husband and foolish woman, lead them to look at each other every day and shout, may they not go to court. Does everyone just need a little talent and wisdom to get this? The prosperity of virtue is also sincere.
Historical evaluation
Zhao Xu: ① Sima Guang is straight. (2) No matter who else is, I have resigned from the proceedings. I have only seen this person since I acceded to the throne.
Lv Gongzhu: Confucius is a saint, but Lutz is still pedantic. Mencius was a great sage, and people at that time called him pedantic. Kuang Guang can't get rid of this name. Generally speaking, worrying about far-reaching things is almost pedantic.
Wen Yanbo: ① Your practice is beyond the reach of today's people and needs the help of the ancients. (2) Yan Bo stayed in Beijing and sent people to investigate the matter in the Liao Dynasty. He replied: "When I saw the main banquet in the Liao Dynasty, the ministers performed a play. Those who wear clothes will grab things and hold them in their arms, and some people will pounce on them from behind with whips. Said: Sima Duan knows evil! " Shi Jun is clear and clear, in Yidi.
Cheng Yi: Many readers! Not miscellaneous, Sima, Shao (Shao Yong), Zhang (Zhang Zai).
Shao Yong: ① You are a down-to-earth person. (2) You are nine people.
Su Shi: Public loyalty and filial piety, courtesy and integrity, are out of nature. Growing up, his words were never false. He is eager to learn, greedy for money, like a stench, sincere and natural, and the world believes in him. Resting in Los Angeles, going back and forth to the suburbs of Shaanxi, and learning from them, learning from them, frugality, there are some shortcomings, saying: "You are really ignorant!" Learning everything, music, calendar, astronomy, books are wonderful. Special gifts for the evening festival are the methods of crown, marriage and funeral, which are suitable for all ages. I don't like to release it. In the old days, its text was like jade grain silk medicine stone, and there must be an applicable and useless text, without a word.
An Min: People are fools, but they don't know the significance of building monuments. But people like Sima Xianggong, who call honesty at home, are now called evil, and the people can't bear it.
Shao Bowen: Gaidi knows the way to govern the country. The key lies in being a servant, remonstrating with Taiwan, fearing heaven and loving the people, and abiding by the laws of his ancestors. Zaifu's names are Fu Bi, Han Qi and Wen Yanbo, and Qiu's names are Tang Jie, Bao Zheng, Sima Guang, Fan Zhen and Lu Huiyun. Alas, Yi and Kang, the literature and scenery of the Han Dynasty, there are many people, but also people beyond. That's why there is Song Zhisheng.
Zhao Kui: Sima Wengong is not close to sex and doesn't take money. Although I am corrupt, I admire him very much.
Ye Ji: Maintaining seniority means employing people. Li Ling, Wang Dan, Wang Zeng, Lv Yijian, Fu Bi, Han Qi, Sima Guang and Lv Gongzhu can't compare with them. But if we test their efficacy and their talents, we will definitely regard qualifications as the benefits of employing people.
Zhang Shi: Sima Wen changed the new law or advised him to nip in the bud. He said, "If it had been the Song Dynasty, this would not have happened!" Regardless of one's own interests. Although I am a saint, I say so. Close to the "final organizer".
Zhu: ① Filial piety and friends are the natures of honesty, frugality and integrity. They are eager to learn, as hungry for food, as disgusting as wealth and interests; Sincere and natural, the world believes. Retreat between Luo and Shaanxi Luo, be virtuous, learn and be frugal. Something is wrong: you are so ignorant! Knowledgeable and omniscient. Wen Gong is both wise and brave. It is very important for him to rule the country and level the world! Its scale is slightly larger and it is learned. He is strict and upright.
Wang said: a gentleman can't be strong in the world, he only cares about people's hearts. Zhan Ran has no desire, but pushes it with sincerity, making the world return to benevolence, and the plan is settled. He will serve the British Sect with righteousness, take the big family as righteousness, take Taoism as god, make a name for himself, serve the philosophers with virtue, and be safe with great manners. If he forgets the world, he will return to Los Angeles. Therefore, when he was born, China looked forward to his use, and when he died, he stopped crying and thought about his virtue. It can also touch people's hearts, which is caused by manpower and has not existed since ancient times.
Lv Zhong: (1) A person who is more expensive than a minister is not only because he has the material and wisdom in the world, but also because he has the virtue of serving the world. Wang Anshi easily changed the old law, and it was implemented under a pseudonym, which was enough to win people's trust. Sima guang, who lived in Luo for fifteen years, was appointed prime minister of the world. But An Shi is a powerful minister, and Wen Gong is an important minister. (2) Heaven will be a country of Lu people, and you must be a gentleman first. Heaven named Yuanfeng Yuan You and made Sima Guang win the first issue. God will make Yuan You a saint, but Sima Guang will not leave in a few years. When it is, the new law has changed, the gentleman is not exhausted, and the villain is not exhausted. Today, the party meeting is tomorrow. The light is still there, and the gentleman is still standing. There will be no harm from cronies and no revenge. The survival of a whole is also the foothold of chaos control for 200 years.
Wang Yinglin: The theory of Ouyang Zi (Ouyang Xiu) is easy to understand, but it is "irrelevant" or on its loss. Sima Gong's knowledge is the essence, but the phrase "So is Wang Ba" refers to its shortcomings. I believe it's hard to say!
Ni Qian: Gong Zhi was very famous in the Song Dynasty.
Sun Chengen: Ning Jian, honest and honest. The fortune was spun dry and given to Kun. If you have done nothing wrong, you can learn something. One virtue is pure Confucianism, and a hundred years of Qing Festival.
Li Tingji: Sima Guang entered the phase and all new laws were suspended.
Zhang Sui: ① Paulus Johannes, a relative, always asked the scholar-officials, "Is selfishness enough?" People asked him strangely, and the public said, "If you don't have enough food and clothing, Anken will go into battle lightly for the imperial court." Yuan Shigong said: "Learn thoroughly, keep your words close to your feelings, and don't force truth to discipline people." If you are a public official, you can talk about it. (2) Wen Gong's draft of Zi Tong Zhi Jian is hundreds of volumes, but it is smeared upside down and has no cursive characters, so it is self-covered.
Xie: Song Dynasty figures, such as Wang Zeng, Li Yun and Sima Wengong, inherited each other, Koulaigong (Kou Zhun) and Zhao Ruyu responded, Han Han Qi's virtue, Li Gang's rebellion, Di Qing, Cao Wei, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and other generals.
Lin Shi was right: at any stage of the country, Ren Dong in Judah; With bandits' materials, there is little subversion. Although the cloud tower will fall, it can't be supported by a tree; But there is no lack of turning death into life and seeking safe mediation and remedy. If you don't grasp the danger and help, you are useless. Since ancient times, I have been seeking to stand by, or take a dream, or start fishing, so that salt can restore the universe and worship the summer and the sky. No matter Han, Tang, Song Quansheng, Xiao (), Cao (), Bingji (), Wei (), Fang (), Du (Du Ruhui), Yao (Yao Chong), Song (Song Jing), Yue Han (Han Qi) and Fu (). ..... one person prospers the country, it's true!
Wang Fuzhi: ① Since this century, Hebei talents, such as Li Taichu (Li Ling), Liu Qizhi (Liu Anshi) and Sima Jun, have been regarded as one of the morning stars. (2) Bi said to Wen Gong: "The plan to go all out in the world is very clear. The money accumulated by all walks of life should be returned to the local officials, so that the son of heaven can know that the world is rich and the government that abuses the people can be obtained." If it's so big! Through ancient and modern governance. Jin Wengong stirred up and couldn't keep up. If you can't keep up, it's a common problem in politics, and Wen Gong can't help it. There are three diseases: one is to cherish fame and waste reality, the other is to guard against procrastination, and the third is carelessness and uncertainty. (3) Ma and Lu are not really worried about their country, but they are angry and have nothing left. In an instant, I let go of the minister and wiped away in the misty rain, feeling complacent. I don't know that there are people who are full of ambition, women who can't rely on them, people who don't know how to obey the laws of ignorance, people who don't know how difficult it is to complain, people who don't show off outside, and people who pin their dreams at one stroke. There's a saying that Feng Gong is the patriarch, and he's making progress every day to change his plans. Erxiong was dazzled, thinking that only by stopping this kind of politics, abandoning this kind of party, calling this person back and restoring this kind of law, then the art of consolidating the country and the people would not be more than this. Oh! Is it enough to reward the emperor's heart, the emperor's ancestors, comfort the lonely people in the four seas, break the treachery in the northwest and allow them to be ministers?
Michelle Ye: Sima Guangli's behavior in North Korea is just and peaceful, and there is nothing to discuss. There are not only ministers in the Song Dynasty, but also rare in past dynasties.
Li Guangdi: ① Apart from Wu Hou (Zhuge Liang), such as Guo (Guo Ziyi), Gong (Fan Zhongyan) and Sima Wengong all have the meaning of Mencius. (2) the marquis has this means, waste more people than Paulus Johannes. Wen Gong is a good man, how can he compare with Wu Hou?
Cai Shiyuan: His ancestral home was studied by Zhuge Wuhou, Lu and Sima.
Gu: Honest and clean, rooted in nature, learn from others. Growing up, I was cautious and didn't make mistakes because of the change of things. Therefore, the article is not impulsive, porridge like millet can satisfy hunger, and ginseng can be sick.
Songs of heroes of past dynasties: ① Sima Li attacked the new law and dared to speak out. (2) the song dynasty said six gentlemen, Ming Dow Lianxi Yichuan people. The horizontal canal is the same, and the writing is really natural.
Shi: Be familiar with the place names in outland of China. Signing a sentence to live in the Soviet Union is a pro-grievance.
Lu Yimeng: King Qian Wusu used a police pillow, and Sima Wengong also used a police pillow. The same is true of Xingwang Qinzheng.
Cai Dongfan: (1) In the end, Anbang depends on its age, which is clear as soon as it is borrowed. How can the sky not extend public life? Sit and let the good things fall once. (2) behind the scenes, this time, it was in harmony with Wen Gong, and only one reform, that is, the court was clear and the people praised it. ..... But Sima Guang, as a generation of upright people, still lost to Cai Jing, and the villain prostrated himself and did his best. After that, the person who criticized Sima Guang was the first in Beijing. The evil party was rich and didn't hear about it, so it was resurrected. People call it high softness, and evil is too strict. I call it still wide. After the old age, it is better to endure the aftermath.
Anecdotes of characters
Family influence
Sima Guang's honesty in his life should also be educated by his father. When he was about five or six years old, he tried peeling walnuts, but he couldn't. My sister wants to help him, but she can't leave. She left first. Later, a maid peeled walnuts for him with hot soup. When her sister came back, she asked, "Who helped you?" When he lied to his sister that he did it himself, his father scolded him: "How dare a boy lie?" Sima Guang never dared to lie. When he was old, he wrote it on paper, always encouraging himself to die and never telling a lie. Shao Yong's son Shao Bowen has also read this paper. A Qing Chen Hongmou said, "Sima Guang's life is based on sincerity and does not bully." The word "sincerity" was also used by later generations to define Sima Guang's coffin.
To break a jar and fall to save a friend
Once, Sima Guang and his friends were playing in the backyard. There is a big water tank in the yard. A child climbed to the edge of the tank to play and accidentally fell into Tanqueray. The water tank is very deep, and it seems that the child is going to have no roof. When other children saw that something was wrong, they cried and cried in fear and ran outside to ask adults for help. However, Sima Guang used his quick wits to pick up a big stone from the ground and hit it at the water tank. Bang, the water tank broke, the water in the tank came out, and the submerged child was saved. Xiao Sima Guang is calm and smart, and he has been like an adult since he was a child. This accidental event made Xiao Sima Guang famous, and people in Tokyo and Luoyang painted it and spread it widely.
Sell horses honestly
Sima Guang wants to sell a horse, which is pure and beautiful in color, tall and fierce, and gentle in temperament. Unfortunately, he got lung disease in summer. Sima Guang said to the housekeeper, "This horse has lung disease in summer. This must be told to the buyer. " The housekeeper smiled and said, "Who is like you? How can you sell horses and tell the problems that others can't see! " Sima Guang disagreed with the housekeeper and said to him, "How much a horse is worth is a trivial matter. Telling people the truth will ruin the reputation of being a man. We must be honest in life. If we lose our integrity, the loss will be even greater. " The housekeeper was ashamed after hearing this.
Low profile and indifference
Sima Guang is indifferent to luxury. In "Training Thrift to Show Health", he mentioned that his elders would dress him in gorgeous clothes after hours, and he always took them off with a blush. In the first year of Bao, he was received by Injong. At the banquet, everyone put flowers on their heads and played freely, but Sima Guang sat in a dangerous position without flowers. After being reminded by his peers, Sima Guang barely put on a small flower.
Sima Guang has an old servant who has always been called a "gentleman scholar". On one occasion, Su Shi came to Sima Guang's mansion and couldn't help laughing when he heard the servant's address. He said jokingly, "Your master is not a scholar, but a prime minister. Everyone is called' Shi Jun Xianggong'! " The old servant was surprised. Later, when they met Sima Guang, they all respectfully called him "Shi Jun Xianggong" and said happily, "Fortunately, Master Su taught me ..." Sima Guang sighed, "My old servant was taught badly by quilt Zhan."
Resolutely concubinage
In the Northern Song Dynasty, the literati lived a prosperous life, and concubinage and whoring prevailed. Sima Guang, Rainbow Anshi and Yue Fei are very few people who don't take concubines or keep prostitutes. After more than 30 years of marriage, his wife, Mrs. Zhang, had no children. Sima Guang did not take it to heart, nor did he think about concubinage and having children. Mrs. Zhang is worried to death. On one occasion, she bought a beautiful woman behind Sima Guang's back, quietly put it in the bedroom, and then went out on an excuse. Sima Guang saw it, ignored it and went to the study to read. The beauty followed her to the study. After putting on airs, she took out another book, flipped through it and asked coyly, "Excuse me, sir, what is Zhong Cheng?" Sima Guang stood ten feet away from her with a straight face and handed him a reply: "Zhong Cheng is an official, not a book!" The beauty was bored and left disappointed.
On another occasion, Sima Guang went to her husband's house to enjoy flowers. Mrs. Zhang and her mother-in-law secretly arranged a beautiful maid. Sima Guang was rude and said angrily to the servant girl, "Go away! Why did you come to see me when my wife was away? " The next day, all the guests of the Zhang family knew about it and admired it very much, saying that it was like a replica of "Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun" growing old together. Only one person smiled: "It's a pity that Sima Guang can't play the piano, but only kick the tortoise!" " When Mrs. Zhang was childless for life, Sima Guang adopted his brother's son "Sima Kang" as his adopted son.
Sima Guang and his wife live together. Luoyang Lantern Festival is famous all over the world. On the Lantern Festival, Mrs. Zhang wants to go out and watch the lights. Sima Guang said, "There are lights at home, so why go out to see them?" Mrs. Zhang said, "Not only the lights, but also the tourists." Sima Guang smiled and said, "Look at people? Strange, am I a ghost! "
Bury your wife in a typical way
When Sima Guang edited Zi Tong Zhi Jian in Luoyang, his residence was very poor, so he set up another basement for research. At that time, minister Wang also lived in Luoyang, and his mansion was very luxurious. Nave has built three floors, and the top floor is called Chaotian Pavilion. Luoyang people joked: "Wang Jia drilled into the sky and Sima entered the ground." After Sima Guang's wife died, poor Sima Guang didn't think of burial, and he didn't have the money for his wife's funeral. He wants to pawn the only three hectares of barren land, put the coffin in mourning and do his husband's duty. Sima Guang has been an official for nearly 40 years, so big that even his wife is a typical burial. Rereading history makes people think deeply.
As the saying goes: three years to clear the magistrate, 100 thousand snowflakes and silver. In feudal society, most people studied hard at the cold window and entered the official career in order to show off their family background, prosperity and wealth, and get the favor, shadow and descendants of future generations. In front of these people, Sima Guang's incorruptibility is even more commendable. In March of the eighth year of Jiaqing, Song Renzong gave Sima Guang more than one million yuan and countless silk treasures, but Sima Guang was unmoved. When Sima Guang was old and weak, his friend Liu Xianliang planned to spend 500,000 yuan to buy a maid for him. Sima Guang politely refused. He said: "For decades, I dare not eat meat often or wear coarse silk cloth. How dare I spend 500 thousand to hire a maid? "
Books and old facts
In the Ming Dynasty, Chou Ying drew a picture of heaven alone, and in the Ming Dynasty, Chou Ying drew a picture of heaven alone.
Sima Guang's family has a rich collection of books. When he lived in Luoyang, he bought 20 acres of land and built a "unique paradise" with more than 10 thousand books on literature and history. He also established a "reading library", in which 5,000 copies of Jing Shan were opened and 2,400 copies of Writing Oracle were obtained. Good at protecting books, from Er Fu to Chongyang, every year, books are put on file to be exposed on sunny days. The console table is clean and covered with wormwood, but every household sits up and reads. When reading a book, don't hold it empty-handed, lest your hands get wet with sweat. After collecting books for decades, his books are still as good as new.
Luoyang street film club
Luoyang map for the elderly
After Sima Guang retired to Luoyang, thirteen people, including Wen Yanbo and Fu Bi, admired the past of Bai Juyi's Nine Presbyterian Church, and gathered the old sages of Luoyang. He believes that Luoyang customs value age over official positions, so he built an "old-age hall" in Zisheng Hospital, calling it "Luoyang Old-age Club" and asked Huan to draw a portrait in it. At that time, he was seventy-nine, Wen Yanbo, Si and Si were seventy-seven, Wang Shanggong, a court doctor, was seventy-six, Feng Hangji, a secretary supervisor of Zhao Bing, Liu Ji and Wei Zhou, was seventy-five, Chu Jianzhong and Wang 72, a court doctor, and Zhang Wen and a bachelor of Long Tuge, a court doctor, were seventy. At that time, Xuanhui told Wang to stay in Beijing (Daming House) and wrote to Wen Yanbo who wanted to attend their rally. Wang is seventy-one. It's just that Sima Guang is not seventy years old, and Wen Yanbo has always valued him, so he invited him to join the partnership with the old example of the Tang Dynasty. Sima Guang didn't dare to be behind Fu and Wen, because he was a junior. Wen Yanbo didn't listen, so Zheng Huan passed the portrait of Sima Guang from behind the scenes, and then passed the portrait of the king to Beijing. So thirteen people attended the meeting, and they bought wine and wrote poems for fun. At that time, there were many famous ancient temples in Luoyang, with bamboo pavilions as the scenery. Sima Guang and others are all white-bearded, dignified and beautiful. Every time we get together, Luoyang people follow.