Xuzhou, called Pengcheng in ancient times, originated in Peng Zu. Peng Zu is a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. He is a famous old birthday star, who lived 800 years (according to the calculation method at that time, his age should be 200 now, but according to the test, it is almost 120 years old). Good at guiding health, diet and sexual qigong. Because he is good at cooking, he is called the originator of China cooking and the first chef in China. It is said that he cooked wild chicken soup (chicken soup) and dedicated it to Emperor Yao Feng Hou, thus establishing Da Peng State. In Xuzhou, there are all kinds of snacks in the north and south of the Yangtze River. Xuzhou people like to eat and are influenced by it. There are many cuisines in Xuzhou, and Peng Zu is called the first gourmet. Catfish sauce dog meat and Ming Di's fragrant hoof have historical origins. Looking for the remains of Peng Zu: There is a 520-mu Pengyuan in the southern suburbs, which contains Peng Zu white marble sculpture, Pengzu Temple and the Great Peng Ge, and has become an activity place for overseas Peng descendants to come to Xuxungen to worship their ancestors. Every year, overseas Chinese and Peng descendants all over Kyushu in the Central Plains come to Xuzhou to seek roots and worship their ancestors. Some Xuzhou people also depend on their children in Peng Zu.
(2) Liu Bang
Xuzhou is the hometown of Han Gaozu, the first cloth emperor in China history. His birth is mysterious. It is said that Emperor Gaozu's mother got pregnant from the rain and stopped the dragon on the bridge. The bridge where she was pregnant is in Lianglou Village, northeast of Fengxian County today. In order to avoid chaos when he was a child, Emperor Gaozu moved to a place about three miles north of Peicheng. Therefore, there is a saying in the local area that "Emperor Gaozu raised a lot".
When Emperor Gaozu was 30 years old, he served as the director of Surabaya in charge of public security on the bank of Surabaya in Zhidong Yili, Pei County. Eight years' tingchang career is of great significance to Emperor Gaozu. During this period, he got to know a group of people such as Xiao He, Fan Kuai and so on, who played an important role in his later political activities.
In July 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Guangwu revolted in osawa Township, and in September, Emperor Gaozu swore an uprising on the banks of Sishui River. Since then, Emperor Gaozu's influence has been growing. After eight years of war, he resisted Qin, overthrew Chu and finally established a unified Han Dynasty.
In the tenth year of Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Gaozu returned from the rebellion and passed through Peixian's hometown to host a banquet in Peigong. 120 teenagers were also selected to form a choir to help sober up. When the wine was warm and the ears were hot, Emperor Gaozu drummed and sang a poem: The wind blows and clouds fly, the weaver girl returns to her hometown in the sea, the brave soldiers guard everywhere, and the children sing along. Song, high-impedance sword dance, very sad. I said to the elders in Pei County: Wanderers are homesick. Although I take Chang 'an as my capital, my soul will return to my hometown after a hundred years.
After Gaozu left Pei, Pei wanted to show the emperor's prestige. He hired a good craftsman to carve Song of the Big Wind on a stone, and built a platform 100 feet high, on which he erected a monument. According to legend, the tablet Song of the Big Wind was written by Cai Yong in the Eastern Han Dynasty. After more than two thousand years of ups and downs, it has been passed down to this day.
(3) Xiang Yu and the Circus
Xiang Yu (232 BC-202 BC) was a native of Xia Xiang (now Suqian, Jiangsu). He is eight feet long, can carry a tripod and is very talented. In 209 BC, Wuzhong and the Rebels joined hands to destroy Qin. In 206 BC, Pengcheng, the capital, established its position as the overlord of the Western Chu State, dominating the world. In the Chu-Han War, the defeat killed him in Wujiang River. Its statue was built in the summer of 1987 and is 285 cm high. It stood in the wind, its helmet penetrated the armor and stepped on the rock. It looks reserved, dignified, willful and fierce.
The circus stage is one of the earliest existing monuments in Xuzhou, a famous historical and cultural city. In 206 BC, after Xiang Yu, the hero of the world, destroyed Qin, he established himself as the overlord of the West Chu, making Pengcheng his capital, and built a platform to watch horses on the Nanshan Mountain in the south of the city, hence the name.
Many buildings have been built on the stage in the past dynasties, such as Taitou Temple, Sanyi Temple, Mingguan Temple, Polycrystalline Silicon Academy, Songcui Mountain House, Monument Pavilion and so on.
(4) Liu Xiang
Liu Xiang (77- 6 BC) was a scholar, bibliographer and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. The real name was changed, the word was correct, and the number was Pei (now Pei County, Xuzhou). The fourth grandson of Wang () in the early Han Dynasty. The biography of Gu Liang in the Spring and Autumn Period. He used to be an exhortation doctor and Zong Zheng. Political affairs are accompanied by yin and yang disasters, and many letters have been written to illegally exert the exclusive rights of consorts. When he became emperor, he was appointed as Doctor Guanglu and eventually became the captain of Zhong Lei. He reviewed the Royal Library and wrote China's earliest bibliography book Bielu. He wrote 33 pieces of ci and fu, including Nine Sighs, most of which have been lost. The original collection has been lost, which was compiled by Liu in Ming Dynasty. His other works, Biography of Hong Fan's Five Elements, New Preface, Shuoyuan and Biography of Lienv, still exist today. And the Five Classics Yi Tong, also lost. Qing Ma Guohan's Book of Collection of Jade Letters in Mountain Rooms.
Liu Xiang edited the Warring States Policy. Liu Xiang named this book "The Warring States Policy", and at the same time named that complicated and colorful history-the name of "The Warring States Policy" came from this, which was also an extra gain for Liu Xiang to edit and proofread "The Warring States Policy".
(5) Zhang Daoling
Zhang Daoling (date of birth and death unknown) was a famous religious leader in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the founder and leader of Tianshidao. Real name is Ling. Pei Guofeng (now Xuzhou) was born. He studied Taoism in the mountains, wrote 24 Taoist books, used water spells to cure diseases, and called his disciples to preach. Those who are taught by it, out of the rice five fights, call it "rice road five fights", and people call it "rice thief" After his death, Chen Heng, Sun Lu and others. He is a world leader, regarded as "Zhang Tianshi" by post-Taoism, and their Tao is also called "Stone Heaven".
(6) Liu Yuxi
Liu Yuxi (772-842) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. The word Meng De was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). In the ninth year of Zhenyuan, he was promoted to the first place in imperial academy, entered the course of erudition and macro-speech, engaged in the Huainan shogunate, and served as the censor. Wang brought the used things into the forbidden area, discussed them with him, and said everything. Transfer it to Yuan Wailang and sentence him to a salt and iron case. Uncle Wen was defeated and demoted to Lianzhou secretariat, while Daozhong was demoted to Langzhou Sima. When you are down and out, you don't talk to yourself, but you spit and satirize the distance. Quite vulgar and good at witchcraft, according to the poet's intention to taste. Relying on his voice, he wrote more than ten poems on bamboo branches and sang them in Wuling Creek Cave. Live for ten years, call it back. I will buy Langbu, and I will ridicule the poems about flowers in Xuandu. I am not happy in power and will stab Bozhou back. On the basis of mother's old age, Pei Du changed to Lianzhou, Qiankui and Erzhou. After a long time, he was recruited as a doctor. He also revisited Du Xuan to watch poems and divided the company into the East Capital. Academic qualifications are still recommended for Langzhong and Ji Xian. Degree, out of Suzhou, moved to Youzhou, with two states, moved to the prince guest company. I am good at writing poems, especially in the late festival. Unfortunately, sitting on waste and suppressing non-cooperation are based on articles. With Bai Juyi, he got a lot of rewards, and Bai Juyi tasted his poem: Liu Pengcheng Mende, a great poet. Its front is looming, and its bravery is even smaller. He also said that his poems should be protected by sacred objects, which is highly valued by celebrities. In Huichang, we will check the history of the Ministry of Justice. At the age of 72, he was awarded the book of ministers. Eighteen volumes of poetry, now twelve volumes.
(7) Li Yu
Li Yu (937-978), born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu), was originally named Zhong Yin. The sixth son of Li Jing, Stegosaurus, succeeded to the throne in the second year (96 1), and was known as the Empress of Southern Tang Dynasty in history. When Li Yu ascended the throne, the Southern Tang Dynasty was a vassal state of the Song Dynasty. Facing the pressure of Song Dynasty, he resigned himself to stealing peace. In 975, Song Jun entered Jinling, captured the queen, and the Southern Tang Dynasty perished. Song dynasty. Song Taizu was considered disobedient. Li Jing and his father are both good at poetry and calligraphy, and the words are good at expressing their feelings with simple lines, and their feelings are sincere. Wang Guowei's poems on earth were rated as beautiful. After taking the medicine given by Song Taizong, he died. Historically, she was called Li Houzhu, the Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty.
Li Yu is a bad king in politics and a writer, poet and poet in literature. His main achievements are in poetry. His early works mainly reflect court life, such as Sauvignon Blanc and Huanxisha. After he was captured, he made a great breakthrough compared with the previous period. Representative works include Yu Meiren, Broken Array, Langtaosha, Meeting You Huan, etc.
Li Yu's life is a trick of fate. He is a scholar, but he doesn't understand politics. A song "Young Beauty" asks how much sorrow you can have, just like a river flowing eastward becomes a swan song.
(8), Su Dongpo
To the east of Qingyun Bridge in Xuzhou City, a yellow high-rise building with double cornices stands on the levee on the south bank of the Yellow River, which is a newly restored yellow building.
Taohuawu in history was built on the east gate of Xuzhou city 900 years ago in August of the first year of Yuanfeng, Song Shenzong (1078), after Su Shi, the magistrate of Xuzhou, led Xuzhou soldiers and civilians to overcome the flood. In the tenth year of Xining (10 1 1), Su Dongpo was transferred from Mizhou (Zhucheng, Shandong) to Xuzhou. Su Shi did many good things for Xuzhou people year after year in November, and also wrote many famous articles describing Xuzhou customs.
Su Shi has only been in Xuzhou for three months, when the Yellow River flooded and the flood forced Xuzhou. Su Shi is a fan of pro-Dutch, a grass builder and a native of building houses, so he never goes home. Under his organization, command and influence, the army and the people United as one, and finally avoided the disaster of flooding. Su Shi's feat of "being handsome, a blessing in disguise, knowing that it is not a blessing" won the gratitude and respect of Xuzhou people by the court. In order to prevent the threat of flood to Xuzhou, Su Shi built a dike to strengthen the shore and raised the tower on the other hand. In February of the first year of Yuanfeng, two-story buildings were built at the east gate of the city. Because "water is restricted by soil", he painted it with loess and named it Huangta, which means "soil is better than water". On September 9th, the Double Ninth Festival, Su Shi gave a big banquet for guests, held a ceremony and played music to celebrate the completion of Taohuawu. He happily wrote a poem "Peach Blossom House in September" as a souvenir. Since then, Taohuawu has become a historical attraction in Xuzhou.
In addition to Taohuawu, Xuzhou has many historical sites and touching legends related to Su Dongpo, including Su Causeway and yunlong lake, which is also a water control project. Dongpo is drunk, and now there is an inscription "Dongpo Stone Bed"; Su Shi and Zhang, a hermit of Yunlong Mountain, drank wine in the crane pavilion to express their feelings; Kuaizai Pavilion named after Su Shi's Kuaizai This Fu; The legend of "Red Island", the old road of the Yellow River, is that "Miss Su gave her life to dive, and her red makeup is now in the yellow water" (meaning: the flood is about to flood the city, and the rich gentry want to escape, and the common people follow. When a wizard said that he would sacrifice to Poseidon and recruit a woman, Su Dongpo's righteous sister in Xuzhou jumped into the water and disappeared, leaving only her red silk floating on the water. The water immediately retreated a few feet. The memory of the island). All these have pinned the love and nostalgia of Xuzhou people for Su Dongpo.
(9), Chen Shidao
Chen Shidao (1053-11kloc-0/) was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). One of the six gentlemen of Sumen, an important writer of Jiangxi Poetry School. Shao Shi worked for Ceng Gong and never wanted to be an official. Later, he was Professor Xuzhou and Dr. imperial academy. Poetry, prose and ci, especially poetry creation, are highly respected by the world. His poems are based on Du Fu, also called Huang Tingjian. He is the author of a collection of poems and essays, Houshan Collection, Houshan Tan Cong and Houshan Shi Hua.
(10), Gan Long
Qianlong was in power for 60 years, and * * * visited Xuzhou four times, all of which stopped on the way to southern China. The main purpose is to "read the river", that is, to investigate the water situation of the Yellow River and the river prevention project in Xuzhou.
In the 22nd year of Qianlong (1757), Li Beihang abandoned the ship and landed in Xuzhou. Soon after the disaster, the hungry people were everywhere, the plague was prevalent, and it was a miserable scene. The accompanying minister advised the emperor not to go to Xuzhou in person and insisted on visiting Xu. He wrote in the poem "Disaster Still Exists": "Disaster still exists. As the ancients said, it must be Ju-Hang Seo, and officials should stop it. Go to Guan Minfan, rather endure summer to avoid this. " Emperor Qianlong attached great importance to the "people" and went to the disaster area without avoiding the plague. It can't be said that it is a performance of diligence and love for the people.
After this inspection, Qianlong instructed the local government to build a palace to facilitate living in Xuzhou again. Qianlong Palace is located at the foot of the scenic Yunlong Mountain. Ganlong is very satisfied with the palace. He personally wrote two couplets for the palace, "The famous garden is surrounded by green water, the wild bamboo is green" and "The outdoor peak is beautiful, and the front steps are deep".
After the end of the Qing Dynasty, most of the buildings in the Qianlong Palace were destroyed due to the Cultural Revolution. There are three halls and three east-west apartments at the foot of Yunlong Mountain (next to Xuzhou Museum). Now this former palace has become a place for social education and public entertainment.
(1 1), Li Keran
The teacher in the room, Li Keran (1907- 1989), is from Xuzhou. Former Professor of Central Academy of Fine Arts, Vice Chairman of China Artists Association, President of Chinese Painting Research Institute and member of CPPCC. At the age of 65,438+03, he studied traditional landscape painting with Xiang Xianqian and Shi Zhi. 65,438+0929 was admitted to Hangzhou (International West Lake Art College) with excellent results and was admitted as a graduate student. He studied oil painting under the famous French painter Claudot, and was deeply influenced by Pan Tianshou and Lin Fengmian. He studied painting under Qi Baishi and Huang, and taught in many art colleges. 1943 was employed as a lecturer of Chongqing Institute of National Arts, engaged in the teaching, creation and work of Chinese painting. After liberation, he served as professor of Central Academy of Fine Arts, vice chairman of China Artists Association and president of Chinese Painting Research Institute. He is good at landscapes, rewrites his life, introduces the shading method in western painting into Chinese painting, and harmoniously blends the techniques of western painting into the profound traditional pen and ink and modeling images, and has made outstanding achievements. Mr. Keran's landscape painting is profound and profound, which promotes the evolution and sublimation of national traditional painting with distinctive artistic personality. He is not only a master who has cultivated painting for more than 70 years, but also made important contributions to the development of artistic concepts. Many of his works are collected by major museums at home and abroad. The album includes Li Keran's paintings and Li Keran's paintings.
After the founding of New China, he devoted himself to the innovation of Chinese painting. With the motto "What is valuable is courage, what you want is soul" and "Go in with the greatest skill and fight with the greatest courage", the ancient landscape painting art has gained new life. Mr. Keran's landscape is profound and profound, which promotes the evolution and sublimation of national traditional painting with distinctive spirit of the times and artistic personality. With Mr. Keran's self-contained educational thought, there appeared the "Li Keran School" which was active in painting circles. He is not only a master of painting who has worked hard for more than 70 years, but also made important contributions to the development of artistic concepts. His influence has already surpassed the art world and is highly praised by all parties.
Many of his works are collected by major museums at home and abroad. The album includes Li Keran's paintings and Li Keran's paintings.
Artistic feature
Li Keran's ink-and-wash paintings swept away the refined literati habits, especially the basic tone formed by sad black, which deeply captured people's feelings. However, under the restriction of this sad melody, even if there is a trace of elegance in the painting, it will be caused by this "black world".
After 1954, he took nature as his teacher and went to Jiangnan many times to explore the changes of "light" and "ink" and formed a unique style, which can be summarized by "black", "full", "rising" and "astringent". There is no doubt that Li Keran has created a new pattern in the world of ink painting.
His picture structure makes people feel a thousand-year-old China landscape painting. A Fan Kuan-style full composition, the mountain is approaching, the waterfall condenses into a white seam, carved inch by inch with heavy tones, and goes deep into every corner of the picture, showing the largest and richest content on a piece of paper.
Since 1943, Li Keran has been engaged in the teaching and creation of Chinese painting, and later studied under Qi Baishi and Huang, devoting himself to the research of national traditional painting. In 1950s, a revolution took place in the field of Chinese painting, advocating new Chinese painting. So after 1954, he went to Jiangnan many times to explore the changes of "light" and "ink". Li Keran has a solid sketching skills, and his works make people feel the China landscape that has stood for thousands of years. Fan Kuan-style full composition, the mountain is coming, the waterfall condenses into a white seam, and it is portrayed inch by inch with heavy tones, which goes deep into every corner of the picture and shows the largest and richest content on every piece of paper. Li Keran's ink painting swept away the refined literati habits, especially the basic tone of sad black, which deeply captured people's vision. The value of Li Keran's landscape painting mainly lies in his creative exploration of new schema and profound spiritual strength.
(12), Kyle
Kyle (19 18- 1976), a famous composer, music theorist and music educator in China, was born in Xuzhou, Jiangsu. He studied in the Chemistry Department of Henan University, and then joined the third detachment of Henan Anti-Enemy Support Association under the instruction and guidance of Xian Xinghai. After 1937, he engaged in anti-Japanese propaganda activities, arrived in Yan 'an from 1939, worked and studied in the Music Troupe of Lu Xun Art College, got the guidance of Xian Xinghai, Lu Ji and others, and recorded and sorted out a large number of ethnic materials. Later, he engaged in music activities in the Northeast Liberated Area, and served as the vice president of China Conservatory of Music after liberation. He composed more than 200 music works in his life, which made outstanding contributions to the development of modern music culture in China. Among them, the songs are Nanniwan, We Are Democratic Youth, We Workers Have Strength, Luliangshan Chorus, Yangko, Couple Literacy, Zhouzishan (with Zhang Lu and Liu Chi), White-haired Girl (with Zhang Lu and Xiang Yu) and so on. ), the marriage of Xiao erhei, and the orchestral northern Shaanxi group. 1On July 27th, 976, musician Kyle passed away.
In the research of music theory, he not only made a special study on Xian Xinghai, but also wrote Biography of Xian Xinghai, which covered the development of new opera, the reform of traditional opera music, revolutionary music tradition, mass music life, etc. He wrote more than 200 books and papers such as Speech of Chinese Folk Music and Songs of the Times. He has made great contributions to song creation, opera creation and music theory, leaving a rich legacy for people. 1978, some of his songs were published in Selected Works of Kyle. Elegant Music, which was created by him collectively, is the most formal Nuo music in China.