I. Jiang Ziya
The story of Jiang Taigong fishing, who is willing to take the bait, has been circulated for thousands of years, and his image is deeply rooted in the hearts of China people, and he can be called the first person to be a late bloomer in China. As the saying goes, if you don't know Jiang Taigong, it's useless to read all the history books.
Jiang Ziya, surnamed Jiang, surnamed Lu, first name, first name, Ziziya. He is honored as Tai, while his title is "teacher is father". People in the last years of Shang Dynasty. Han nationality (Huaxia nationality) is from Weihui, Henan. Boyi, the ancestor of April Mountain, was sealed in Lu (both in Nanyang, Henan) for helping Dayu to control water, so he got Lu. When Jiang Ziya was born, his family had already declined, so when Jiang Ziya was young, he worked as a butcher who slaughtered cattle and sold meat, and also opened a hotel to sell wine. However, Jiang Ziya people are not lacking in ambition. Whether slaughtering cattle or doing business, they are always diligent in studying astronomy, geography and military strategies, and studying the way of governing the country and keeping the country safe, hoping to display their talents for the country one day.
So until the age of 70, Jiang Taigong still had no chance to show himself and remained unknown.
At that time, it was the period when the Shang Dynasty went into decline. Yin is tyrannical, dissolute, corrupt and miserable. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, because Xibo Ji Chang (later) advocated benevolent government, developed the economy, and implemented the policy of building the country and enriching the people through thrift, the national situation became stronger and stronger, and all the people in the world fell in love with Zhou, and all the governors around were looking forward to it. Jiang Shang, full of courage, learned that Ji Chang was recruiting talents in order to govern the country and rejuvenate the country, so he resolutely left the Shang Dynasty and came to live in Panxi River, the territory of the Western Zhou Dynasty on the bank of Wei River, fishing all day and waiting for the change of the world.
Most people fish with a hook, followed by a bait, and then sink into the water to lure the fish into taking the bait. But Taigong's hook is straight, there is no bait on it, it does not sink into the water, and it is three feet away from the water. As he held the fishing rod high, he said to himself, "Fish that don't want to live, if you want, take the bait yourself!" "
One day, a woodcutter came to the stream and saw Taigong fishing with a straight hook on the water without bait. He said to him, "Old man, you can't catch a fish in 100 years!" "
Taigong just smiled and remained unmoved.
This fishing was finally caught. Knowing that he was a strange man, he personally invited him out of the mountain and said excitedly, "My father predicted that only when there were saints in Zhou would Zhou prosper." Are you a saint? I have been looking forward to it for a long time! "
Seeing that he sincerely hired himself, Taigong agreed to work for him. So, Ji Chang personally helped Jiang Shang into the car and went back to the palace together, worshiping him as his surname and calling him "King Tai Gong". From then on, heroes have a place to play.
Later, Jiang Shang assisted King Wen to build a prosperous country, and also helped King Wu Ji Fa, the son of King Wen, to destroy the business, and was made a marquis by King Wu in the State of Qi, thus realizing his desire to make contributions.
Two. Priscilla (female name)
Priscilla can be said to be another late bloomer in China's history, second only to Jiang Taigong. His successful course is tortuous and bizarre. It is an old saying of China: "If the sky wants to descend to Sri Lanka, it must first suffer its mind, work its bones and muscles, starve its body and skin, and empty its body. If you can do whatever you can, you must endure its heart and get what you can't do."
Bai Xixi, Yu Guoren, Bauhinia Bo, married Du, brilliant, but because of poor family, he is in his 30 s and has not achieved much. Du Shi said, "Good people are ambitious in all directions. What's the point of staying at home? " Xi listened to his wife's advice and prepared to go out to make a living. Before leaving, Du killed the only old hen, so there was no firewood to burn, so he had to take down the crossbow as firewood. After a hearty meal, Du Shi hugged his hungry son and said to him, "Don't forget us when you have money." Prissy said goodbye in tears.
When Prissy came to Qi, he wanted to do something for her. Because there was no money to give gifts, no one introduced me. Over time, his life became poorer and poorer and he had to beg all the way. When he came to a small town, a righteous man named Uncle Jian saw Prissy was handsome and could talk, so he took him in. However, Uncle Jian's family is not well-off, and after a long time, family expenses are gradually exhausted. Uncle Jian asked Priscilla, "What would you do?" Prissy replied, "I can raise cattle." Uncle Jian asked him to raise cattle, which were fat and strong. Bai Xixi heard that Zhou Wang likes cows, and everyone who raises cows or donates them to him is highly valued. Uncle Jian advised, "A king who doesn't do business properly and ignores state affairs, but prefers cows, will not come to a good end, so you can't go." Later, Qi Huangong knew nothing about Qi Xianggong, set up his own business and recruited talents. Prissy wanted to apply, and Uncle Jian advised, "Qi Huangong is on the run, and he acceded to the throne at the beginning of ignorance. If he does not succeed, there will be civil strife, so you can't go." Uncle Jian saw that Priscilla was eager to be an official, and it happened that his friend was in Yuguo, so he recommended him. Uncle Jian saw that he was headstrong and didn't listen to advice, but he didn't want him to go. However, due to the long-term turmoil and poverty, Prissy insisted on staying in Yuzhou, and Uncle Jian had no choice but to say goodbye and return to his hometown of Song.
Jin Xiangong sent troops to attack Guo, and borrowed soldiers from Guo. The doctor's palace protested to him many times because his lips and teeth were cold, but he wouldn't listen. Finally, Yu Gong and Xi were captured in the State of Jin. Seeing that Bai is very talented, he wants to appoint him. Bai said, "A gentleman doesn't want to serve his country, let alone his country?" I will follow Yu Gong. "Qin Mugong married Ji Bo, Princess of the State of Jin. When Jin Xiangong saw Xi unappreciative, he gave him to Qin as a dowry. Prissy recalled her tortuous career path and ended up with a humiliating ending as a dowry. It was really cowardly. So he took the opportunity to escape. Later, he went to Chu to release his horse. Qin Mugong heard that Thyme was very talented and ambitious, and sent someone to exchange five sheepskins for Thyme. Baili recommended Uncle Jian to Mu Gongju, saying: "I once listened to Uncle Jian's advice for the second time, so I escaped the disaster for the second time;" The last time I didn't listen to him, I suffered the demise of Yuzhou and became a slave of mankind. Uncle Jian is a hundred times stronger than me. " Mu Gong then ordered him to go to Song State, and asked him to return to Uncle Jian, and named them left and right concubines respectively, calling them "two phases". Finally, Prissy stepped onto the stage, and he was 70 years old.
The two men, Qi Xin, worked together to help Mu Gong, thus finally achieving Mu Gong's thought!
Prissy became the prime minister of Qin, living in a high position and living in luxury, forgetting his wife and children for a time. Du Shi took his son to the State of Qin, and when he learned that Xiangfu wanted to recruit some laundrymen, he applied to enter Xiangfu. Du also heard that Xiangfu's band was hiring, so he recommended himself to the band leader. Du lived in Yuguo Mountain area, which is known as "the hometown of singing and dancing" since childhood. Her beautiful singing moved them and she was recruited as a musician.
One night, after eating and drinking, Prissy asked the musicians to play music as usual. It was Du's turn to sing, and she sang sadly:
Prissy, five sheepskins! Remember to cook chicken, yellow wheat and bolt when you say goodbye; Today is selfless?
Prissy, five sheepskins! Father's food and meat, son's crying and hunger, husband's embroidery, wife's laundry; Rich and selfless?
Prissy, five sheepskins! Before, you left and I cried; Today, you sit and I leave. Hey, husband, rich and selfless?
Hearing this, Prissy felt tears running down his cheeks. Knowing that it was his wife Du Fu, he hurried down to recognize Du Fu and pour out his feelings of long separation. He learned that his son had been practicing martial arts since childhood, and his martial arts was very high, so he recommended Qin Mugong and made him a general. Since then, Prissy's family has been reunited and achieved great success.
Three. Jin Wengong
Those years when Jin Wengong fled were really thrilling, and he had a narrow escape. He was able to rank among the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, partly because of his perseverance and will.
Jin Wengong (697-628 BC), surnamed Zhong, was of the same clan as the Zhou royal family. He was a famous politician in the Spring and Autumn Period, the monarch of Jin State, and one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. The son, who was exiled abroad 19, returned to China to inherit his help because his father made his youngest son the heir. He was 62 years old that year!
In 666 BC, Jin Xiangong sent 32-year-old Zhong Er to guard Pucheng.
656 years ago, persecuted by the rebellion, he left Jiang, the capital of Jin State, and came to Pucheng. His father Jin Xiangong sent Bo Wei to murder Zhong Er, Bo Wei cut Zhong Er's sleeve, and Zhong Er climbed the wall and escaped. Zhong Er's mother is Rong, and he decided to flee to Zhai's place.
Before 65 1 year, when he died, Xun became prime minister and made his son king. Rick killed Qi and Xun and committed suicide. Rick sent someone to welcome him back to China. Zhong Er declined politely at the age of 47.
650 years ago, Zhong Er's younger brother Yiwu ascended the throne of the monarch and established his own Jin Gonghui.
In 644 BC, the Golden Sect killed for the second time. Zhong Er didn't die, so he decided not to stay in Zhai area. He heard that Guan Zhong, the prime minister, had passed away and decided to help Qi. He also hopes to get help and protection from Qi. Zhong Er lived a comfortable life in Qi and gave up the desire of restoration. King Qi gave him 20 carriages and betrothed Qi Jiang, the daughter of Qi State, to Zhong Er.
639 years ago, Zhao Shuai and the thief discussed how to leave Qi one day under a mulberry tree. A slave girl heard their conversation on the mulberry tree and secretly told Zhong Er's wife, Qi Jiang, after returning to the palace. Qijiang is afraid that slave girls will reveal secrets. Instead of paying her, she killed her at once. Qi advised to leave Qi quickly, but refused. So, Zhao Shuai and others got drunk and carried them into the carriage, ready to leave Qi. When Zhong Er woke up, it was too late. He felt very angry and killed his uncle Hu Yan with a gun. Fortunately, he did not succeed. Zhong Er and his loyal ministers came to Cao. Cao * * * was curious to hear that his ribs were linked together, so he took a bath and peeped at his nakedness. Zhong Er bears a grudge because Tso was so rude to him.
In 638 BC, shortly after Chu defeated Song Xianggong's army, Zhong Er came to Song. Song Xianggong entertained him and sent him twenty carriages. Later, when he arrived in Zheng, he refused to receive him. When he arrived in Chu State, King Cheng of Chu hosted a banquet to receive him and asked him how he planned to repay Chu State in the future. Zhong Er replied, "If there is a war between Jin and Chu, I will order the troops to stay away (that is, nine miles)". Yu Zi, a doctor in the State of Chu, suggested that the King of Chu kill Zhong Er immediately, so as not to leave future trouble for himself, but the King of Chu did not take his advice. Finally, when Zhong Er arrived in Qin, Qin Mugong warmly received him and betrothed five women to him, including Qin Mugong's own daughter, Wilbur.
In 636, Qin Mugong escorted Zhong Er back to the State of Jin. Zhong Er acceded to the throne, known as Jin Wengong. After he acceded to the throne, he enjoyed high prestige among the governors. The old minister who served Kim and feared persecution wanted to murder him. They planned to set fire to his palace. Bo Wei heard their plot and wanted to warn Jin Wengong, but Wen Gong refused to let him see it because he had tried to assassinate Wen Gong twice. Bocheng replied that he was under orders and reminded him that "Qi Huangong didn't hate Guan Zhong for shooting arrows at him". Hearing this, Jin Wengong answered Bocheng, who exposed the plot of Luhe. Lu and Zhai Rui escaped, were captured alive and killed.
In 635 BC, Wang Xiangwang's younger brother Wang Zidai launched a riot. Fled to Zheng and eagerly asked for help. At the same time, Qin people are preparing to save. Jin Wengong wants to be the overlord. He took this opportunity to show his power and strength, so he decided to rescue Zhou Wang before the Qin people acted, regardless of the fact that the State of Jin had just been pacified and didn't want the Qin people to get credit. So he promised King Xiang of Zhou, defeated Wang Zidai and escorted King Xiang back to Beijing. In order to thank Jin Wengong for his kindness, King Zhou gave Hanoi, Yang Fan and other areas to the State of Jin.
At this point, Jin Wengong's talent has been fully demonstrated, and he has taken a series of measures. He shared weal and woe with the people and was supported by them. He reduced taxes and penalties in Guanshi, gave alms to the poor and helped people live and work in peace and contentment. He constantly strengthened the strength of the state of Jin, stuck to his credit and established his prestige. At that time, it was Chu in the Yangtze River valley that had the strength to compete with gold. If Jin Wengong wants to succeed, it must expand its territory to the south and confront Chu.
In 633 BC, Shangqiu, the capital of the Song State, was surrounded by Chu troops.
At the beginning of 632 BC, Jin Wengong led an army to save the Song Dynasty. In order to repay the hospitality of Chu when he was in exile, he ordered the army to retreat (90 miles) and defeated the Chu army in Chengpu (now south of Pu County, Shandong Province). Jin Wengong built a palace for King Xiang of Zhou and presented the prisoners of Chen, Cai and Chu to the Emperor of Zhou. Seven monarchs, including Jin, Qi, Lu, Song and Wei, entered into a covenant with Wang, the royal minister of Zhou Dynasty, and were officially called the champions. Soon there will be princes in Wen, and King Xiang of Zhou will also be invited to attend the meeting. He appointed Jin Wengong as the head of the vassal, and ordered him to appease the four sides, and to supervise and punish those who hurt the Emperor Zhou. From then on, Jin Wengong became the overlord among the governors.
Four. Liu bang
Liu Bang should be regarded as a typical late bloomer. His great wind song "The wind rises in the clouds, the Weaver Girl returns to China's hometown, and Andrew bravely defends all directions", which has deeply touched many future generations.
Emperor gaozu Liu Bang (256 BC-BC 195) reigned for eight years, from 202 BC to 195 BC. Zi Ji (formerly known as Ming Ji), a native of Fengyi County, Pei County (now Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province), set out to fight in Pei County (now Pei County, Jiangsu Province). Han nationality. His father Liu Xian (Liu Taigong) has four sons (Liu Bo, Liu Zhong, Liu Bang and Liu Jiao), and Liu Bang is the third of the four brothers. During the Qin Dynasty, he was the curator of Surabaya Pavilion.
In September of the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), Liu Bang assembled in Peixian County to respond to the uprising of Chen Sheng and Guangwu. When he climbed the mountain, all the heroes in the world gathered under his command and called him "Pei Gong". At this time, Liu Bang was 47 years old.
Liu bang's revolutionary cause is progressing very rapidly. In October of 206 BC (only three years), Liu Bang entered the hegemony. Zi Ying, king of Qin, surrendered and Qin perished. After Liu bang entered the customs, he abolished Qin's harsh laws and made three chapters with the elders in Guanzhong: "The murderer dies, and the wounded steal to apologize." Therefore, it is welcomed by the people. After Xiang Yu defeated Qin Jun's main force, Liu Bang took Sean's advice and went to Hong Men. He paid lip service to it. Xiang Yu named Liu Bang Hanwang, ruling Bashu and Hanzhong. Unwilling to be monopolized by Xiang Yu, Liu Bang led the army eastward and launched the Chu-Han War for four years. In the winter of the fifth year of Hanwang, Liu Bang invited Han Xin, Peng Yue and others to lead the troops into the Chu army. Xiang Yu led his troops to break through and commit suicide in Wujiang River. In February of that year (55 years old), Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, made Luoyang his capital, and soon moved to Chang 'an, which was known as the Western Han Dynasty.
It took Liu Bang only eight years to complete the leap from pavilion to emperor, and the speed and achievements of the struggle were unprecedented.
After Liu Bang ascended the throne, he adopted a relaxed policy of rest and recuperation, which not only appeased the people's hearts and condensed China, but also laid a cultural foundation for the generosity of the Han Dynasty. It can be said that Liu Bang truly unified the divided China, and gradually gathered the divided people. He made a decisive contribution to the unification of Han nationality, China and the protection and development of Chinese culture.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Huang Zhong
Huang Zhong's reputation as commander-in-chief of Changsha is not great. It was not until he surrendered to his ancestors that Xiahou was punished in Dingjun Mountain, and he became famous all over the world, and the descendants of celebrities were considered late bloomers.
Huang zhong (? -220) was born in Nanyang, Jingzhou (now Nanyang City, Henan Province). Han nationality. During the Three Kingdoms period, Shu Han was a famous general, and he was appointed as a general. In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he was described as one of the five generals in Shu and Han Dynasties.
Huang Zhongyuan worked as a corps commander under Liu Biao, a warlord in Jingzhou, and lived in Youxian County, Changsha with Liu Pan, a subordinate of Liu Biao. After Cao Cao invaded Jingzhou in the south, he remained a general and was under the command of Han Xuan, the prefect of Changsha. He was nearly sixty when he was under Han Xuan. Although he was brave and good at fighting in the three armed forces, he was not reused. He is just a very ordinary general.
Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Beizheng Jingnan four counties. Wuling satrap Jin Xuan, Changsha satrap Han Xuan, Guiyang satrap Zhao Fan and Lingling satrap Liu Du surrendered. Huang Zhong took refuge in Liu Bei with Han Xuan and entered Sichuan with Liu Bei's army. After Liu Bei and Liu Zhang broke up, Huang Zhong was ordered to attack Chengdu in Jiamengguan, taking the lead in the three armies, regardless of age. After Yizhou took office, he was named General Lakeru.
In 2 19, when Liu Bei attacked Hanzhong in the north, veteran Huang Zhong still led the soldiers and the elite troops of General Xia to kill the enemy heroically in the battle of Dingjun Mountain, and even killed Xia, a famous Wei country, and was defeated and promoted to General Xiliang. In the same year, Liu Bei called Wang Hanzhong, changed Huang Zhong to the post-general, and gave him the post of Guan Nei Hou, on an equal footing with Zhang Fei, Ma Chao and Guan Yu. Huang Zhong's name went down in history. The following year, Huang Zhong died of illness, and he just waited for him. Huang Zhong, Yan Yan and Liao Hua are also known as the Three Masters of Shu and Han Dynasties.
The intransitive verb Li Jing.
Li Jing (57 1-649), a word pharmacist, was born in Sanyuan, Yongzhou (now the northeast of Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province). Outstanding military generals and military theorists in the early Tang Dynasty.
Li Jing was born in an official family and was Han Qinhu's nephew. Grandfather Li Chongyi was once the secretariat of Yinzhou, and Feng Yongkang was the public; Father Li Quanshi Sui, official to Zhaojun Taishou. Li Jing is tall and handsome. Influenced by his family, he has been "literary and skillful" since he was a child, and he is quite enterprising. He once said to his father, "A gentleman will make meritorious deeds to meet the needs of the Lord." His uncle Han Qinhu was a famous soldier in the Sui Dynasty. Every time I talk to him about military affairs, he clap his hands and say, "I can only talk to Sun and Wu, but I am from Sri Lanka." Excavate first worked as a kung fu in Chang 'an county, then as a director in the hall and a driver. Although his official position is very low, his talent is famous among officials in the Sui Dynasty. Niu Hong, the official minister, praised him as "a talented person in Wang Zuo". Su Yang, a great strategist and left assistant minister of Sui Dynasty, also caressed the bed and said to him, "You will sit here eventually!"
At the end of the great cause, Li Jing was appointed as Mayi County (east of Shuoxian County, Shanxi Province). At this time, the peasants' struggle against the tyranny of the Sui Dynasty was surging, and the three main forces led by Dou Jiande in Hebei, Zhai Rang in Henan, Shimi in Jianghuai, Du and Fu Gongyou wiped out the decadent rule of the Sui Dynasty. Li Yuan, who stayed in Taiyuan in the Sui Dynasty, also secretly recruited soldiers and waited for an opportunity. Excavate noticed his motivation, so he "locked himself up and changed" and went to Jiangdu to report the matter. However, when we arrived in Chang 'an, the capital of China, Guanzhong was in chaos, and we couldn't get there because of the road jam. Soon, Li Yuan revolted in Taiyuan (Li See Yuan revolted in Taiyuan), quickly captured Chang 'an (Li See Yuan captured Chang 'an War) and captured Li Jing. Excavate is full of knowledge and ambitious. When he was about to be beheaded, he shouted loudly: "The public is not trying to do great things, but to behead the strong men with personal grievances!" Tang Gaozu admired his words and deeds, and Li Shimin admired his talent and courage, so he was released. Soon, he was called into the shogunate by Li Shimin and served as three guards.
In May of the first year of Wude (6 18), he proclaimed himself emperor and became the king of Qin. In order to pacify the separatist forces, Li Jing followed the king of Qin eastward, pacified the king, proclaimed himself emperor in Luoyang, and awarded an official position with meritorious service. From then on, 47-year-old Jing Li began to emerge.
Li Jing followed the southern expedition to the north and made great contributions in many battles, such as attacking the king, destroying Xiaoxian County and pacifying the rebellion of Fu Gongyou. At the age of 59, he broke the Turkic Li Jie Khan. At the age of 64, he broke the Tuyuhun, and Li Jing's career reached its peak.
Since the Sui Dynasty, Turkic has been a powerful country in the northwest. Excavate and others destroyed the East Turkic, which not only relieved the scourge of the northwest border of the Tang Dynasty, but also washed away the shame that Tang Gaozu and Taizong condescended to be superior to the Turks. Therefore, Emperor Taizong said with emotion: "I heard that the master was worried that the minister would be humiliated and that the master would die of humiliation. Traveling to and from China, the Turks are powerful, and the emperor's father became a vassal in valerian for the people. I have been heartbroken, determined to destroy the Huns, restless, and unwilling to eat. Today, I missed temporarily. I am invincible. I am ashamed of this! " Emperor Tang Gaozu was overjoyed. He called Tang Taizong and his ministers, as well as kings, princesses and princesses, to Lingyange for a banquet to celebrate. On a whim, he played the pipa himself, and Taizong danced, and ministers got up and raised their glasses to congratulate him until late at night.
Soon, Li Jing made contributions to protecting the country and defending the country. In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), I took a group photo with 24 people including Sun Chang Wuji in Lingyange, and honored them as heroes and carried them forward. They were both three parts of Kaifu Instrument.
In the twenty-third year of Zhenguan (649), Li Jing's condition deteriorated, and Emperor Taizong visited his sickbed to pay his respects. Seeing that Li Jing was dying and in tears, he said sadly to Li Jing, "Gong is an old friend in my life and has contributed to the country. If this is the case today, this is a public concern. " On April 23rd this year, Li Jing died suddenly. At the age of 79. The letter of Emperor Taizong was presented to the prefect of Si Tuleideng and Bingzhou. It was handed down by Ban Jian and Yu Bao, and was buried with Zhaoling. Qiao Yue Jason Wu. The tomb is like the story of Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, and the shape of the tomb is like the shape of Yanran Mountain and Tuguhun Mountain, which is an "outstanding achievement". Because of his outstanding military exploits, he often showed great power after his death, saved the people from danger, and the people built temples for him, so in the late Tang Dynasty, Li Jing was gradually deified.
Seven. Su Xun
Su Xun, whose name is Yun, is Lao Quan. Han nationality, Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). Prose writers in the Northern Song Dynasty, together with their sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, are called "Three Sus", and both of them are listed as "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". He is good at prose, especially in political theory, with clear exposition and vigorous brushwork. And Jia.
Su Xun failed to pass the exam, and was recommended by Han Qi as the secretary of the provincial school and the main book of Wen 'an County. It is said that I didn't study hard until I was 27. After studying hard behind closed doors for more than ten years, I have made great progress in my studies. In the first year of Injong Jiayou (1056), Su Shi and Su Zhe were introduced to Bianjing, and Ouyang Xiu, a bachelor of Hanlin, was called. Ouyang Xiu admired his works, such as Power, Balance and Tactics, and thought that they could be comparable to Jia Yi and Liu Xiang, so he recommended them to the court. At that time, officials and scholars rushed to tell stories, and the literary name flourished. In the third year of Jiayou, Renzong called him to Scheeren Hospital to take the exam, but he refused to reply on the grounds of illness. In five years, Jia You was appointed as the secretary of the provincial school bookkeeper. Later, he and Yao Bi, the county magistrate of Xiangcheng (now Henan) in Chen Zhou, wrote the book Taichang Yin Ge Rites. Soon after writing, he died and was posthumously awarded as Guanglu Temple Cheng.
Ceng Gong said that Su Xun "likes to call a spade a spade very much". Su Xun's 65,438+00 books, Tactics, Counting the Enemy, Balance of Power, Secret Books of Shang Dynasty, Enemy System and Book of Shang Emperor, all discuss military issues. In the famous Six Kingdoms, he believed that the downfall of the Six Kingdoms was to bribe the State of Qin. In fact, it is a mockery of the past and accuses the humiliating policy of the Song Dynasty. The investigation of the enemy further reveals that the essence of this policy of bribing the enemy is to cripple the people. The Military System puts forward the idea of reforming the military system, restoring military morality and credibility. The Bill of Rights systematically studies the strategic and tactical issues. In Ji Xiang, he pointed out the strategic mistake that Ji Xiang could not attack Xianyang. He also emphasized the strategic and tactical principles of avoiding reality, attacking the weak with strong force, making good use of surprise soldiers, suspecting soldiers, making a quick decision and winning by surprise.
Su Xun's articles mainly discuss politics with history, inheriting the argumentative tradition of Mencius and Han Yu, with clear arguments and strong arguments. Ouyang Xiu praised him for his "excellent eloquence" and said that "going up and down, fast-forward and fast-out, must be built deep and then stop" ("Epitaph of the Soviet Union in the Lord's Book of Wen 'an County, Bazhou"); But sometimes there is an air of sophistry and pedantry, which is its shortcoming. Su Xun also evaluated his works as "the poet's softness, the poet's simplicity, the softness of Meng and Han, the move and merger, and the simplicity of Sun and Wu" in his book "Going to the Field with Dense Density". Su Xun doesn't write many poems, but he is good at writing five ancient poems, which are quite simple and vigorous. Prose works include Xin Xue, Several Strategies, Power Skill, Traitor Discrimination, Balance and Six Classics, and later generations have fifteen volumes of Jia You Ji.
Eight. Wu Cheng'en
Wu Cheng'en (150 1 year-1582) was born in Sheyang Mountain. Han nationality, a native of Shanyang County, Huai 'an Prefecture (now Chuzhou District, Huai 'an City, Jiangsu Province). The Journey to the West, an outstanding novelist in China in Ming Dynasty, is one of the four classical novels of China.
He came from a family where a small official was reduced to a small businessman. Father Wu Rui, whose handwriting is quite strange, sells "Wen Jie Cai plumes". "Tan is good, but he is a little uneven, so he needs to touch a few angry sighs and feel depressed". Wu Cheng'en was smart since he was a child, and he liked to read wild stories and strange novels. "He loves the biographies written by Niu Zhang Qi, Duan Kegu and other Tang people. He is good at writing things and wants to write a book about them." "When I was young, I was famous in Huai Shang", which was quite appreciated by officials, celebrities and squires.
In the eighth year of Jiajing (1529), Wu Cheng'en went to Longxi Academy founded by Ge Mu, the magistrate of Huai 'an, and was appreciated by Ge Mu. Zhu thought he could "read all the books in the world" and "share half of the painting history with his family". In the twenty-ninth year of Jiajing (1550), he was given a one-year-old tribute student at the age of 40, and went to Beijing to wait for the official, but he was not elected. Six years later, due to the poverty of his mother's hometown, he went to work in other places as Cheng of Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, and often drank with his friend Zhu and delivered food. Eventually, because of being falsely accused, he left home two years later.
Wu Cheng'en lived a different life, upright and upright. The reason why he is so talented and tried and tested is probably related to his unwillingness to please Shangguan against his will. He hates corrupt officialdom, doesn't want to go against his heart, and holds a negative attitude towards the dark reality. He wrote in the poem "Jiro's Song of Seeking Mountains": "The disaster of human beings is not for apes and cranes, but for insects. Sitting in the song room with the five ghosts, I didn't see the four murderers in court. Ye Fu was very grateful, but he felt sorry for his kindness. Wear an evil knife on your chest. You can't hate it. Save the moon has a goal to save the Japanese bow. Are there no heroes in the world? Who can make some contribution to Lin Feng for me and make it last for ten thousand years? " It is believed that the reasons for the "people's disaster" and the ugliness of social reality lie in the rulers' poor use of people and the bad guys such as the "five ghosts" and "four fierce" in power. He wanted to "make a fortune" and "be king" to turn Gan Kun around, but he was short of talents and ambitious, so he could only sigh generously when the wind came. The hardships of life have brought Wu Cheng'en no less pressure than the failure of scientific research. After his father died, he needed to manage all the expenses of the family, but he was unable to support the family, let alone his family. The source of family life, in addition to getting back six dou of rice from the university every month, can only eat the legacy left by my father. Wu Cheng'en, who had tasted the ups and downs of social life, began to think more clearly and deeply about the problems of social life, and used his own poems to fight against unreasonable society.
At the age of 50, I began to write Journey to the West, and wrote the first ten times. Then it was interrupted for many years. It was not until he resigned in his later years and returned to his hometown that he finally finished The Journey to the West's creation which lasted for seven years. At that time, he was almost 80 years old.
Wu Cheng'en's evening scene is bleak, and he makes a living by selling articles. Journey to the West did not make him live a comfortable life in his later years, but it made him famous in history.
Nine. Qi Baishi
Qi Baishi (1864- 1957), a native of Xiangtan, Hunan, is one of the top ten painters in the 20th century and a world cultural celebrity. Qi Baishi 1 864 65438+1October1(22nd of the third year of Qing Tongzhi) was born in Xingziwu, Baishipu, Xiangtan County, and1September 1957 16 (August 23rd of Ding You) died in Beijing at the age of 93. The imperial clan sent Chunzhi, posthumous title, Huang, Zi, Lanting, alias Baishishan, and later died in the name of Qi Baishi; There are a large number of pen names and self-names, such as Da Qi, Mu Ren, Mujushi, Hongdousheng, descendants of the former residence in the Tang Dynasty, borrowing Shan Weng, borrowing the owner of Yin Shan Pavilion, sending Garden, Pingweng, sending Pingtang Owner, President of Longshan, the rich man of three hundred lithographs, and the owner of Bai Shu Pear Flower.
Qi Baishi was born in poverty, did farm work, studied carpentry, and worked as a sculptor in the country at the age of 25. Since then, he has become interested in painting. At the age of 26, he switched from Xiaoxiang and Wenshao to study portraits. At the age of 27, he began to learn poetry, calligraphy and painting from Hu Qinyuan and Shao Chen. At the age of 37, he studied under Wang Kaiyun, a Confucian scholar, and became friends with Li and Yang Du. Qi Baishi lived in his hometown, where he was born: Xingdoutang, Meigong Temple and Jiaruchong Jipingtang. From the age of 40, he left his hometown and traveled to Shaanxi, Henan, Beijing, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Guangdong and Guangxi, enjoying the famous mountains and rivers and making friends with contemporary celebrities. Fan Fanshan, Xia Wuyi and Guo Baosun are all close friends. Painting styles range from meticulous painting to calligraphy, from calligraphy to Wei Bei, and seal cutting from Ding to Zhao. At the age of 55, he fled to the north and settled in Beijing two years later. Chen Shiceng, Xu Beihong, Luo Yinghong, Lin Fengmian, etc.
19 19 years, Qi Baishi was 57 years old and lived in Fayuan Temple in Beijing, selling paintings for a living. At that time, Qi Baishi was not famous in Beijing, and there were not many people seeking paintings. After giving himself money, he decided to turn over a new leaf. "Baishi Cao Shi" said, "I have been painting for decades, but I didn't say what I wanted. From then on, I decided to make a big change and didn't want anyone to know. Even if you starve to death in Beijing, don't pity the public, but the surplus grain can still be one step ahead. "
It was not until 1927 that Qi Baishi got ahead at the age of 65. He was hired as a Chinese painting teacher by Lin Fengmian, president of the National Beijing Institute of Art.. Since then, Qi Baishi has become one of the most famous painters in modern China.
Later, he served as honorary president of Beiping Fine Arts Writers Association, honorary professor of Central Academy of Fine Arts, research librarian of Central Museum of Literature and History, director of China People's Association for Foreign Culture, honorary president of China Painting Academy, chairman of Beijing Chinese Painting Research Association and chairman of National Artists Association. 1July 1949,1September 1953, attended the National Congress of Literary and Art Workers in China twice and was elected as a member of the National Federation of Literary and Art Circles. 1August, 954, elected as the representative of the first National People's Congress; He has a deep friendship with President Mao Zedong and has been received. 1953 1 The Ministry of Culture awarded him the honorary certificate and the title of "People's Artist"; 195565438+In February, German Democracy and China Academy of Art awarded him the honorary certificate of Communication Academician; 1956 In April, the World Peace Council awarded him 1955 International Peace Prize, and an award ceremony was held in September; 1963 was selected as a world cultural celebrity by the World Peace Council. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he said that "the paintings are not for sale to the government". From 65438 to 0946, he resumed his career of selling paintings and managing printing. In the same year, he went to Nanjing and Shanghai to hold a solo exhibition, and served as honorary professor of Beiping Art Institute. He is the author of Poem Grass by Borrowing Mountain, Poem Grass by White Stone, Print Grass by White Stone, Autobiography of White Stone Old Man, etc. There are nearly 100 kinds of paintings such as The Complete Works of Qi Baishi.