Ganoderma lucidum is a polyporaceae fungus. The dried fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum can be divided into Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum. Its head cover is semicircular or kidney-shaped, and its upper case is very hard and shiny. The lower surface is composed of many small bacteria tubes, and there are many small particles in the bacteria tubes, which are botanically called "spores". One side of the skull has a long handle, smooth and moist, and the surface looks like transparent varnish.
The growth habit of Ganoderma lucidum is also very characteristic. Most of them grow beside broad-leaved tree piles such as oak trees, and they like to live in places with dense vegetation, short light, fertile topsoil and loose water.
The appearance of Ganoderma lucidum is composed of mushroom umbrella and handle, and it can be divided into six colors: red, yellow, white, blue, black and purple. Only Ganoderma lucidum is cultivated in large quantities, and 85% of the effective components are concentrated in mushroom umbrellas, so the so-called velvet ganoderma lucidum has few effective components.
Generally speaking, the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum are mostly 1 year old, and most of them have mushroom caps and >: stigmas.
Mushroom hats are semicircular, kidney-shaped, shell-shaped and so on. There are concentric rings or radial longitudinal stripes on the surface. Most of them have the same luster as paint, and the colors are gray, yellow-brown, purple-red, purple-black and so on. Because of the different growth and maturity, there are sometimes several different color areas on the mushroom cap. Generally speaking, the growth area is located at the outermost edge of the mushroom cap, so the color is the lightest and the inner color is getting darker.
The handle is also lacquered, and the color is the same as or darker than the cap. The handle is also lacquered, and the color is the same as or darker than the cap. Others, such as the tongue and the vault tongue, are directly attached to the host, so they only have short basal stems or sterile stems.
The internal structure of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body is also an important basis for seed classification. It can be clearly divided into three parts from top to bottom, namely, the shell of the uppermost epidermis, the middle vein and the lower tube.
■ The cap is composed of specialized reticulate hyphae, and the color and lacquer luster of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body are related to the structure of this layer.
■ The color and microstructure of bacterial flesh layer, the length and color of bacterial tube layer, the size, shape and density of bacterial pores are all reference indexes for interspecific classification. At present, there are about 150-200 species of Ganoderma lucidum with specimen records in the world.
The quality of Ganoderma lucidum cultivated with logs is better, because the growth conditions can be controlled, and the quality is more stable and safer than that of wild Ganoderma lucidum without any side effects. Japanese biologist Yukio Naoi pointed out that not every kind of wild Ganoderma lucidum can be taken. Without careful cultivation and care, the quality of wild Ganoderma lucidum is very poor. When people found it, Ganoderma lucidum was either aged or eaten by insects, and some even contained toxins. After three years, the active ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum began to decompose by themselves.
Scientific research shows that the pharmacological components of Ganoderma lucidum are very rich, among which the effective components can be divided into ten categories, including Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum polypeptides, triterpenoids, 16 amino acids (including seven essential amino acids), protein, steroids, mannitol, coumarin, alkaloids, organic acids (mainly including fumaric acid), trace elements such as germanium, phosphorus, iron and calcium. Ganoderma lucidum has a two-way regulating effect on human body, and the diseases it treats involve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, digestive system, nervous system, endocrine system, respiratory system and motor system. Especially for preventing and treating tumors, liver diseases, insomnia and aging.