Of course, due to the excessive water demand and the relative scarcity of surface water resources, the groundwater pressure in North China Plain is increasing. The exploitation of groundwater in local areas and sensitive aquifers has caused adverse consequences such as land subsidence, deterioration of groundwater quality and ground collapse. , the regional groundwater level is greatly reduced, which leads to problems such as aquifer drainage and increased cost of groundwater exploitation. Therefore, it is urgent to protect groundwater resources.
In recent decades, the North China Plain has been supporting the rapid development of the national economy at the expense of over-exploitation of groundwater and sacrificing the environment. Only Hebei Province over-mines 2-4 billion m3 every year. The shortage of water resources in North China Plain has been recognized. The crisis of water resources is imminent, which not only needs to consider the sustainable development of the national economy and the future macroeconomic planning, but also threatens the practical problems of our human survival.
The water problems in the North China Plain are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
(1) Regional water circulation conditions have changed greatly. A series of water conservancy facilities in the upper reaches of the river caused the river to dry up, and the continuous decline of groundwater level caused the thickness of vadose zone to increase, which significantly reduced rainfall recharge and river recharge. Repeated over-exploitation has not given groundwater a chance to recuperate, forming a vicious circle of over-exploitation, over-exploitation, deeper and deeper water level and environmental degradation.
(2) The temporal and spatial distribution of water resources is not compatible with the layout of productivity. It is a serious violation of the laws of nature to build industries that need a lot of water and plant a lot of water-consuming rice in places that lack water.
(3) The rapid deterioration of water environment has aggravated the shortage of water resources. Decades of experience tell us that the road of governance while developing is correct in developing countries.
To fundamentally solve the problem of water shortage in North China Plain, besides the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, there are still many unreasonable phenomena in decision-making, planning and utilization in North China Plain that are uncoordinated or contrary to sustainable development. We should recognize the aspects that need to be improved in the utilization and management of water resources: ① optimize the allocation of local surface water, groundwater, sewage, external water and other water sources within the regional scope; (2) Make planning theory, decision-making method and quantitative means more scientific, and make water measurement decision for new projects; Saving and tapping potential is a long-term and arduous task, especially for agricultural irrigation water, we must make full use of legal means, administrative intervention means and economic leverage. All this should be based on a clear understanding of one's home, and the investigation and evaluation of groundwater potential in North China Plain can be said to be the key to correct decision-making.
In addition, in the analysis of groundwater supply and demand, the potential of groundwater utilization is also mentioned from the specific departments of groundwater utilization. However, this evaluation method separates the evaluation and utilization of groundwater resources, and the concept of groundwater potential is not unified, which is not convenient for the management, development and utilization of groundwater.