According to Records of the Historian, Du Kang, the monarch of Xia Dynasty, was also the "ancestor of brewing" in ancient Chinese legends. Shuo Wen Jie Zi of Han Dynasty said: "Du Kang started brewing. Also known as Shao Kang, the monarch of the Xia Dynasty. "
Because of Du Kangshan's wine-making, later generations regarded Du Kang as Dionysus, and the wine-making circles regarded Du Kang as their ancestor. Later generations used "Du Kang" to refer to wine.
Du Kang's son Heita invented vinegar.
"Why worry? Only Du Kang. "
Source: short songs of Cao Cao in Han Dynasty
Original text:
Singing to wine, life geometry!
For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan.
Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable.
How to solve your worries? Only Du Kang.
Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss.
But for your sake, I've thought it over.
A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan.
I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.
As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it?
The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off.
The weirder, the more useless.
Talk about it, and remember the past.
There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south.
Turn around the tree three times, what branches can you rely on?
The mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep.
The duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart.
Translation:
Singing while drinking, how many years left in life.
Just like the morning dew is fleeting, so much time has passed!
The song at the banquet was impassioned, but the sadness in my heart was hard to forget.
By what to alleviate depression? Only drink wine.
Scholar, you make me miss you day and night.
It is because of you that I have been chanting deeply to this day.
Deer hummed in the sun and ate mugwort leaves in Yuan Ye.
Once talented people from all over the world come to our home, I will entertain guests in blowing sheng.
When can I pick the bright moon hanging in the sky?
Deep worries can't stop.
Guests from afar came to visit me across the criss-crossing fields.
Meet again after a long separation, have a heart-to-heart talk and relive the kindness of the past.
There are few stars in the moon, and a group of nesting magpies fly south.
Flying around trees for weeks without breaking their wings, where can they live?
The mountains do not hesitate to look at the towering rocks, but the sea does not abandon the trickle to see the grandeur.
I would like to be as courteous as the Duke of Zhou, and I would like the heroes of the world to submit to me sincerely.
Precautions:
Sing a song about wine: sing a song while drinking wine. When, it means right.
Geometry: How much.
Going to Japan: the past days; Bitterness: Bitterness, bitterness. Too many days have passed. I used to sigh that time flies.
Generosity: refers to impassioned singing at a banquet. When? There is no practical significance here. The whole sentence means that we should sing with passion and generosity.
Du Kang: According to legend, he was the first person to make wine, which means wine here.
Jοon, leisure in the heart: used here to describe people who are eager to learn. Son, address each other respectfully. Come on, hand in your clothes. Green fern is the dress of Zhou scholars, referring to the learned people here. Long, long-term appearance, describes continuous thinking.
Meditation: Meditation, deep thinking, here refers to the yearning and admiration for talents.
Yo (not you) yo Luming Literature, wild apple. I have a guest who is blowing: Xiaoya Luming Literature in The Book of Songs.
Yo-yo: Deer bark. Ping: Artemisia argyi.
Drum: Playing.
When can I get it? When can I get it? Answer the phone. Answer the phone. Another solution: when reading "chuò", it is a common word, and when reading "quit", it means to stop.
Cross the street: Cross the criss-crossing paths. Strange things go to the path of the field. Money, a north-south path.
Misuse and coexistence: condescending to visit. Waste, here means "waste driving"; Use, and. Save, greet, miss.
Yan: Pass the "banquet".
Three turns (zā): refers to three weeks, describing repeated hovering. Turn, week, circle.
The sea is never too deep: a book called Water is never too deep. It means accepting as many talents as possible.
Spit and feed: extremely humble to the reader.
Creative background:
There are five theories about the writing time of this poem in academic circles. 1. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, based on Su Shi's "Poem on Red Cliff", advocates that Cao Cao recite this poem "Drinking and Writing Songs" before the Chibi War, and the time is set at the end of the 13th year of Jian 'an (2008). The second is the theory of seeking talents, which comes from Zhang Keli's Chronicle of Three Caos: "While seeking talents, we express our eager desire to recruit talents." The time was in the fifteenth year of Jian 'an (2 10). Third, cross-strait harmony and singing originated from ten thousand. He believes that this poem was written in the first year of Jian 'an in Han Dynasty (196), and Cao Cao moved the Emperor Gaozu to Xudu, and Cao Cao made friends with his confidants and sang it. Fourth, eat, drink, and be merry. The exact time has not been verified. This sentence is Shen Deqian's "The Source of Ancient Poetry" Volume 5: "A Short Song". It is also fun to say it in time. Fifthly, Wang Qing hosted Wu Wan Khan at a banquet in May of the 21st year of Jian 'an (2 16).
Appreciate:
"Short songs" is an old topic in Han Yuefu, which belongs to "harmony and flat tone". This means that it was originally the name of a piece of music. The original ancient characters have been lost. There are 24 songs of the same name in Yuefu, the earliest of which is Cao Cao's. How to sing this song, of course, is unknown now. However, in Yuefu's Harmony Tune, there are "long tunes" as well as "short tunes". Jason Wu's Interpretation of Ancient Poems in Yuefu in Tang Dynasty quoted the ancient poems Long song in Full swing, Ge Yanxing and Short Songs Can't Grow by Wei Wendi Cao Pi, Ge Yanxing and Ge Yanxing by Fu Xuan in Jin Dynasty, and The Governor came to Long song to continue short songs. Now we can only understand the musical characteristics of "short songs" according to this little material. Of course, this song "Short Song" originally had corresponding lyrics, that is, "Yuefu Ancient Ci", but this ancient ci has been lost. The earliest short line that can be seen now is Cao Cao's quasi-Yuefu short line. The so-called "quasi-Yuefu" is to make up new words with old Yuefu songs. There are two short songs written by Cao Cao, and here is the first one.
The theme of this "short song" is very clear, that is, the author is thirsty for talents and hopes that all talents will come to him. In his political activities, in order to expand his ruling base among civilian landlords and crack down on reactionary hereditary forces, Cao Cao once strongly emphasized that "meritocracy means promotion", and for this reason, he successively promulgated the orders of seeking talents, promoting scholars and escaping. In fact, "short song" is a "song of seeking the virtuous", and it is precisely because it uses the form of poetry and contains rich lyrical elements that it can play a unique infectious role, effectively publicize his persistence and cooperate with his decrees.
The whole poem is divided into four sections and analyzed one by one.
The first part mainly expresses the poet's sadness about his short life. There are two references to "wine" in the first part. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, wine was favored by Wei and Jin poets. Whether happy or sad, it is not difficult to find the shadow of wine when feeling. In this poem, the first sentence begins with wine, which leads to the poet's sadness about his short life. The last sentence of the first section "How to relieve anxiety? Only Du Kang. " Among them, "Du Kang" is said to have invented wine, which also refers to wine here. Among them, how do we understand the poet's short life? The poet lived in troubled times, witnessed the people's drift from place to place, and was heartbroken, eager to make contributions but unable to change troubled times, thus giving a sigh that life is short.
In the second season, this feeling is even more lingering. The phrase "Qingqing" comes from The Book of Songs Zheng Feng Zi Jin. The original poem is about a girl who misses her lover. The four sentences in the first chapter are: "Qingqing Zi Jin, carefree in my heart. Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message? " Your green collar bothers me deeply. Although I can't come to you, why don't you take the initiative to leave me a message? ) Cao Cao quotes this poem here, saying that he has been reciting it in a low voice, which is really ingenious. He said that "a girl in green is lingering in my heart", which is of course a direct metaphor for missing "talented people"; But more importantly, he omitted two sentences: "Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message?" Because it is impossible for Cao Cao to look for those "talents" one by one, he reminded them in this subtle way: "Even if I don't look for you, why don't you take the initiative to look for me?" From this implicit meaning, we can see that his intention of "seeking the virtuous" is indeed thoughtful and has touching power. And this touching power embodies the combination of politics and artistic creation. Of course, his profound and subtle intentions can't be fully expressed in the literature such as "Asking for a Scholar". As a poem, short songs can express feelings that political literature can't express and play a role that political literature can't. Then he quoted four sentences from The Book of Songs Xiaoya Luming Literature to describe the scene of the banquet, meaning that as long as you come to me, I will definitely stay as a "guest" and we will get along well and cooperate harmoniously. These eight sentences still don't clearly say the word "seeking the virtuous", because Cao Cao writes poems, so he uses allusions as metaphors, which is the performance of "being gentle, respectful and frugal". At the same time, the word "Jun" is also typical in Cao Cao's poems. Originally in the Book of Songs, this "gentleman" only refers to a specific person; Here, it has a wide range of significance: all the "wise men" who read Cao Cao's poem at that time could think that he was the object of Zi Jin's memory. It is precisely because of this that this poem will play a huge social role if it is circulated.
The third section is the focus and care of the above sixteen sentences. The above sixteen sentences mainly have two meanings, that is, worrying about seeking the virtuous and treating the virtuous with courtesy. If compared with music, these can be said to be two "theme melodies" in the whole poem, and the eight sentences of "Clear as the Moon" are the reappearance and variation of these two "theme melodies". The first four sentences are about sadness, not the first eight; The last four sentences are about the arrival of "talents". These are the last eight sentences. On the surface, the meaning is repeated by the first sixteen sentences, but in fact, due to the reproduction and variation of the "theme melody", the whole poem is more restrained and chanting, which strengthens the concentration of lyric. Judging from the literary theme of expressing poetry, these eight sentences are not simple repetitions, but contain profound meanings. In other words, "talents" have come a lot, and we have cooperated very well; However, I am not satisfied. I'm still worried about talent, and I hope more "talents" will come. The bright moon in the sky has been running and will not stop ("stop" means "stop", and Jin Yue's Short Song Xing means "stop"; The definition of "duo" in high school textbooks is: take it as you pick it up. When can I pick it up? In the same way, my idea of seeking the virtuous will not be cut off. This is also a thoughtful expression, because Cao Cao is constantly recruiting talents, so will the latecomers worry about "overcrowding"? Therefore, Cao Cao further said here that his heart of seeking wisdom will not end like the bright moon, and people will have no worries, and they will be given preferential treatment early and late. On this point, the author will make it more clear below. It is just a connecting link and plays a transitional and buffering role.
The fourth quarter further deepened the thoughts and feelings of thirst for virtue. The four sentences "Bright moon in the sky" are not only an accurate and vivid description of the scenery, but also metaphorical. Shen Deqian, a poet in A Qing, said in The Source of Ancient Poems: "There are four few stars in the moon, and there is no one to rely on for strange people." In fact, it means that people who are hesitant are at a loss in the situation of the Three Kingdoms. The poet inspired them with the scene of crows circling trees and "what branches to rely on" Don't be half-hearted, be good at choosing branches and live, and come to me quickly. Finally, the four sentences in Duke of Zhou make the finishing point, which clearly shows that I hope all the people will come to me, Cao Cao, and point out the main idea of the whole poem. With regard to the allusion of "Duke of Zhou vomited food", it is said that Duke of Zhou himself said: "Son of King Wen, brother of King Wen, uncle of King Cheng; I am also the son of heaven, and I am not the light of the world. However, if you hold it for three times and vomit for three times, you still fear losing the people of the world. " This seems to express the poet's feelings.
Generally speaking, short songs, like other poems of Cao Cao, such as Good Li Xing, Duijiu, A Bitter Cold Journey, etc. , is a highly political poem, mainly serving the political line and strategy implemented by Cao Cao at that time. However, its political content and significance are completely integrated into the rich lyrical artistic conception. The whole poem gives full play to the specialty of poetry creation, accurately and skillfully uses metaphor, and achieves the goal of combining reason with emotion and touching. In the era of Cao Cao, he was able to achieve the expected social effect according to the special laws of lyric poetry, and this kind of creative experience is obviously worth learning. At the same time, because Cao Cao's emphasis on "meritocracy" at that time had certain progressive significance, his highly artistic performance on the theme of "seeking talents" should also be affirmed by history.
About the author:
Cao Cao (155-220 Gengzi in the first month), whose real name is Meng De, aunt Geely, born in Peiguoqiao (now Bozhou, Anhui), is of Han nationality. An outstanding politician, strategist, writer and calligrapher in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. After Cao Pi, the founder of the Cao Wei regime in the Three Kingdoms, proclaimed himself emperor, he was honored as Emperor Wu, with the temple name Taizu. Cao Cao is good at writing poems, expressing his political ambitions and reflecting the tragic life of the people in the late Han Dynasty. He is ambitious, generous and sad. Prose is also neat, which opens and prospers Jian 'an literature and leaves precious spiritual wealth to future generations. Historically, it was called Jian 'an Style, and Lu Xun rated it as "the founder of reforming articles". At the same time, Cao Cao is good at calligraphy, especially at carving grass. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Huaiguan named it a "wonderful flower" at the end of Shu.