jade

Another name

Yu Ying, White, Zhen Xuan, Chunyangzhu, Chiyu, Tianfu and Yanfu.

Bobo mofo

Yu

Latin names of plants, animals and minerals

Nephrite; lazurite/lapis lazuli

Meridian tropism

Lung; Stomach; Heart meridian of hand shaoyin

Chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine

The main chemical composition of 1. nephrite is ca2mg5 [si4o11] 2 [oh] 2 and a small amount of aluminum (al).

2. xiuyan jade is mainly composed of Mg6[SiO 10][OH]8, tremolite and calcite, so it is mixed with a small amount of calcium.

efficacy

Runfei Wei Qing; Eliminate troubles and quench thirst; Sincere; Brighten the eyes

Do textual research

Jade, the first medicinal grade, is recorded in the classic of Yuquan: "Yuquan ... has jade Zagreb. Shenggu. "

1. "Upp Materia Medica" says: "There are jade pieces in Yuquan ... white jade is like a bald man."

2. In Bielu, there is another article called Jade Scraps, which says: "Scraps are like bean clothes ... Lantian (now Shaanxi) was born and can be harvested all the time." There is also a "Yuquan" article, and the cloud "Yuquan ... is born in Lantian, and it is picked all day long."

3. "Notes on Materia Medica" notes "Yuquan" cloud: "Lantian is in the southeast of Chang 'an, and the old jade is beautiful. This is the essence of jade, and the white one is Ming Che, which can be turned into water, hence the name Yuquan. People who are ignorant today are only called Yuer. " Also note the cloud "Jade Scrap": "Jade Scrap is also made of jade, which should not be another thing ... Good jade is found at the junction of Lantian and Xushanting in Nanyang (now Henan), in Rurongshui in southern Japan (now central Vietnam), and it is better to be in Khotan and Shule (now Xinjiang) abroad ... It is really as white as a pig paste, and there is the sound of knocking at the door.

4. "Kaibao Materia Medica" says: "Don't note the clouds, Yuquan is the fountain liquid of jade ... In the" Thirty-six Water Laws of the Fairy Classics ",jade is turned into jade slurry, which is called Yuquan." According to the above, jade used in herbal medicine can be divided into "jade pieces" and "Yuquan". There are two theories about Yuquan: the liquid of Yuquan and the jade as the pulp, but both Illustration of Materia Medica and Yi Yan of Materia Medica question the liquid of spring, saying that there is nothing in Yuquan now, and the word "spring" is the pulp, which is allowed by righteousness. However, jade is a medicine. Because of the different processing methods, it is actually jade pieces and jade paste (spring).

5. The Classic of Materia Medica says: "... Today, Lantian, Nanyang and Rinan can't smell jade, and most of the ritual vessels and riding clothes are in the place where jade is collected-Yunyuhe. Today, Yizhou produces a sacred stone, such as steamed chestnuts, which is called chestnut jade ... but it is pure white. "

6. "Don't talk about materia medica" cloud: "Yizhou Li Yu is the light of Huangshi. Jade is different from stone because it is strong and rational, and the blade of fire can't hurt it. Now ... LiYuQing, small blade can be carved ... "

7. The Outline quoted Taiping Yulan as saying: "Jiaozhou (now Guangxi, Guangdong and Vietnam) produces white jade, Fuyu (now the middle reaches of Songhua River) produces ruby, Koulou (now the north of Changbai Mountain, the middle and lower reaches of Songhua River and Heilongjiang) produces sapphire, Daqin (ancient Roman Empire) produces vegetable jade, Xishu produces black jade and Lantian produces beautiful jade.

To sum up, medicinal white jade, whose hardness is greater than that of Dao, is nephrite (also called Hetian jade) today, and its origin is only recorded in Khotan. Other places of origin recorded in ancient documents are either abroad (such as central Vietnam under Japanese jurisdiction) or there is no real white jade (nephrite) export (such as Nanyang only produces white dushan jade, also known as Nanyang jade). Jiaozhou white jade is a fake jade such as serpentine, calcite and pyrophyllite. According to Chen Zang Qiyun's method of making jade paste, "The artist takes toad venom as soft as mud and dissolves it in water with bitter wine", the only jade that can be dissolved in organic acid and bitter wine (vinegar) is calcite jade (marble) and serpentine jade, that is, "jade". If the jade produced in praseodymium, which is white in color and harder than a knife, is the real jade used as medicine in ancient times, then drugs (especially folk drugs) will be limited because of scarcity and high price.

Classification of families and genera

Silicon compound

Latin name

Nephron; lazurite/lapis lazuli

therapy

Breathe full; Quench thirst; Fear; Eyes; erysipelas

ecological environment

The occurrence of jade mainly includes mountain materials in mines (mostly without skin; That is, the so-called "Jade Ying"), the "flowing water" in the valley (the name of this jade material is similar to the drug name "Yuquan", mostly angular), and the seed material that has been washed and transported repeatedly (mostly angular but skinned; That is, "Pu").

Various exhibitions

1. "Haiyao Materia Medica": "According to the" Record of Foreign Materials ",it is said: Out of Kunlun. Another "Huainanzi" cloud: Out of Zhongshan. There is another cloud: beautiful jade comes out of Lantian, and jade comes out of Yankou. " "Biebao Jing" says: Look at the stone mirror lamp at night, there is red light in it, and you will know that there is jade when the sun rises. "

2. "Materia Medica": "The book conveys the color of jade: red as cockscomb, yellow as steamed chestnuts, white as fat, black as pure paint, which is called jade symbol, and sapphire is unique. Nowadays, five-color jade is often seen in blue and white, sometimes in black, and never in yellow and red. Although it is six gifts, it can't be true. Today, Yizhou produces a kind of stone, such as steamed chestnut, which is called chestnut jade, or cloud topaz, but it is not as moist as ear. But if you eat jade, it will be pure white, and its color will not be taken. "

3. Outline: "According to Taiping Yulan, Jiaozhou has white jade, husband has ruby, dew has sapphire, Daqin has vegetable jade, and Xishu has ink jade. Lantian produces beautiful jade, the color is blue, so it is called Lantian. " "Huainanzi" cloud: the jade in Zhongshan is ripe with charcoal, which does not change color for three days and nights, and is the essence of heaven and earth. Throughout all this, there are many jade-producing places, but if you don't leave now, this place will be afraid of being hurt, so it is more important to pay attention to Yu Yu alone. Gu Li Xuan Zang Bi, Zhang Chi and Bai Huang are famous for their four seasons like heaven and earth. The Book of Rites says: The gas of stone is like Bai Hong, and its gas is found in mountains and rivers. "Natural History" said: Jade comes from the mountains. The corpse says: those who bend the water circle have pearls, and those who bend the water circle have jade. "Ground Mirror Map" says: In February, there was jade in the mountains, and the jade was as fine as a beauty. "Jade Book" says: Jade is mysterious in the mountains and pale in the water. It was born in the mountains, moist, but fragrant in the water. Hidden in pu, literary talent is exposed. Look at this. Jade can be divided into mountain products and aquatic products. Jade from all over the world is mostly in the mountains, and jade from Khotan is also in the river. Its stone is like jade, but also clumsy, clumsy, expensive, clumsy and clumsy. There is a jar of jade in the north, which is white and has an air hole. They are all made of medicine, and they are indistinguishable, but they are all moist. The official is full of fire jade and can cook the tripod; Warm jade can cool cold; Cold jade can cool off the heat; Xiang Yu has fragrance; Nephrite is soft; Seeing jade in the sun and seeing the palace in Japan and China are all treasures on earth. "

Harvest and storage

After excavation, remove the attached sand and impurities.

Allocation of resources

1. Today, the three mountains and two rivers in Xinjiang are jade-producing areas (that is, ancient Khotan) and green ridge Lantian production areas; White jade is mainly produced in Hotan area, also known as Hotan jade. White jade (yellow-green) is also produced in Hualien, Taiwan. Common minerals are columnar tremolite, calcite, serpentine or phlogopite.

2. Jilin, Liaoning and other places.

Contraindications to drugs

Use with caution for people with spleen and stomach weakness; Don't take it for a long time, and it is not appropriate to take it at last.

1. Herbal Notes: "Evil Antlers."

2. "Materia Medica": "Scraps are like peas, which are used to nourish the Tibetan government, and I am the one who completes them; If it is powder, even if people are drenched. "

3. "Outline": "I am afraid of toads being fat."

4. "Lei Gong's Processing of Medicinal Properties": "Fear of Farfalla."

Animal and plant morphology

1. nephrite is a felt-like structure formed by interweaving needle-shaped, fibrous and hairy individuals with a particle size of 0.0 1-0.005438+0 mm or less. Pure magnesium is white or with green tone (including FeO ≤1%); The stripes are white. Almost transparent to translucent, glassy to fatty luster. Cleavage is invisible to the naked eye, and the fracture is uneven. The hardness is 6-6.5. The relative density is 2.90-3.02 or 3.0-3.2 (slightly varying with hue and * * * minerals). Strong toughness, not easy to break.

2. Jade is an aphanitic dense serpentine aggregate. Generally green, light green, but also white, light yellow. Grease luster or waxy luster. The hardness is 2.5-3.5, and the relative density is 2.2-2.6.

Efficacy classification

Medicine for moistening lung and clearing stomach; Medicine for relieving vexation and thirst; Sedative; Mingmu medicine

Identification of raw medicinal materials

Personal identification (1) nephrite is irregular and dense. White, off-white, some with light green tones; The stripes are white. Waxy luster, partly silky luster. The body is heavy, delicate and hard, and it is not easy to be scratched by a knife. After being smashed, the section is like a thorn. No breath, no smell. It is best to be hard, white, defective and moist. (2) Jade is irregular and massive. Light green; The stripes are white. Translucent; Grease luster, greasy feeling to the touch. The hardness is low and can be scored with a knife. It is best to be hard, light green, flawless and oily.

Microscopic identification under transmission polarizer (1) Nephrite: colorless, transparent and protruding. The interference color can reach grade II green; Near parallel extinction; Positive ductility symbol. The cross section is rhombic, with two groups of cleavage seams; Cleavage angles are 56 and124 respectively; Symmetric extinction. Biaxial crystal; Backlight; The angle of the optical axis is quite large, nearly 90.

(2) Under the transmission polarizer of Xiuyu: colorless or microstrip green, fibrous; Low positive outburst to low negative outburst. Interference color grade I gray; Waves recede; Positive ductility symbol. Biaxial crystal; Backlight; Optical axis angle = 30-50.

X-ray diffraction analysis curve: nephrite is mainly tremolite with a small amount of microcline.

Differential thermal analysis curve: nephrite endothermic: 796℃ (large), 9 19℃ (small). The weightlessness begins at 670℃ and ends at 850℃.

Sexual taste

Gan; Ping; nontoxic

Source of medicinal materials

It is cryptocrystalline subspecies nephrite of silicate and amphibole mineral tremolite, or cryptocrystalline subspecies Xiuyu of serpentine mineral.

dosage

Oral administration: decoction, 30-150g; Or make pills. External use: appropriate amount, ground and applied; Or an order.

source

A cursive script

The above contents are for reference only. Please follow the doctor's instructions for all diagnosis and treatment.