The following lesson plans are for reference only.
My teaching plan for solving cattle.
First, the teaching objectives
(1) Understand from the text that everything has its objective laws. As long as you practice repeatedly and accumulate experience, you can know and master the laws of things like an expert, so as to be "comfortable".
(1) Experience the clear hierarchy and complete structure of this article, and learn its detailed and vivid description and expressive language.
(3) Grasp the meanings of words such as effortless, arrogant, full of ambition and willing. Understand the usage of function words such as "Hu", "Ran", "Wei" and "Yu".
Second, the difficulties and key analysis
(1) What is the structure of the article?
Analysis: The four natural paragraphs of the full text can be divided into two parts.
The first part (1 paragraph): describes a scene where an expert knows about cows. The author uses bold exaggeration (people touch, lean and walk, and the body and bones of the cow are separated) and vivid metaphors to make the way to know the cow extraordinary and sacred. In this passage, the sentence pattern is neat, and the scene of solving cattle is poetically treated, and a labor symphony and a labor hymn are written.
The second part (paragraphs 2 ~ 4): tells the dialogue between Wen and my master. It can be divided into three layers. The first layer (the second paragraph): from the praise of the text, lead to my words. This paragraph plays a connecting role. The second floor (the third paragraph): tells my experience. The third layer (the fourth paragraph): How to preserve one's health points out the theme of this article, that is, Zhuangzi's thought of letting nature take its course.
(2) What is the main idea of this article? What does it inspire us?
The text is excerpted from Master of Health, the main purpose of which is to clarify the spirit, protect the master who nourishes life, and suggest that the way of health is to conform to nature. In the excerpt part, the story of "being an expert knows how to solve a cow" is used to describe the complexity of society as the bones and muscles of a cow. When dealing with the world, we should "abide by heaven", "take reason as heaven" and adopt a cautious and caring attitude of "fearing nature as a warning". We should also take Tibet ("hide the knife") as our own way to achieve it. " Today, when we study this article, we should realize that we can't do anything subjectively. We should gradually master the internal laws of things through repeated practice, and then follow the objective laws to deal with complex social affairs. Only in this way can we be invincible forever.
(3) "My ingenious understanding of cattle" is a virtual fable. What do we need to analyze, study and learn from in terms of expression and description skills?
Analysis: The learning difficulty of this paper lies in the flexible and vivid understanding of its organizational structure, expression skills and language use.
As far as the expression and language skills of the full text are concerned, it can be said that this is a beautiful essay.
The article has profound and thorough reasoning, interlocking levels and strict logic. To write about my experience of knowing cows, first say "the good also know the way" and briefly describe it; Then it describes in detail the three stages of understanding the cow: at first, "what you see is nothing more than the cow", three years later, "beyond the cow" and finally "meeting God but not seeing it". It is written that only in the long-term practical activities, pay attention to groping and accumulate experience can we grasp the internal laws of things. Finally, to open up a new layer, to "fear as a warning" to explain, in order to get the way of nature and achieve the purpose of health preservation, we must also pay attention to be cautious in key places. This goes deeper and deeper, making the truth completely perfect.
The structure of the article is complete and compact, giving consideration to both before and after. Firstly, the article describes my unique skills of solving cattle with a series of verbs, and then sets off my unique skills from the side with literary words, which leads to the following answers. In the third paragraph, by answering questions, I deeply expounded my own experience of understanding cows step by step, so as to get a method that conforms to the laws of nature, does not act rashly, and is good at hiding and accumulating; Finally, the words in the text echo the beginning, indicating that it not only solves the problem of "such a large technical coverage", but also gains a lot from it. This is the way to understand health care.
The language of the article is concise and expressive. Writing the action of herding cattle is described by four words: "touching, leaning, stepping and crawling", which vividly reproduces my skillful skills of herding cattle, and compared with the dance of "Sanglin" with my skillful techniques, the meeting of "Jing Shou" is vivid and colorful; After writing "Jie Niu", I "stand up with a knife, look around and be full of ambition." A few words, a pair of complacent expression jumped from the paper. In addition, idioms from this article, such as "I can't see the whole cow", "I am very comfortable" and "I am full of ambition", are still alive today.
(4) Why did the author avoid talking about the real situation-struggle, blood flow and the sound of screams, but wrote the movements of "dancing in the mulberry forest" and the sound of playing with a knife in the meeting of The First Classic?
Analysis: When the author wrote here, he didn't hear the scream of the cow, but only heard the sweet sound of a knife, suggesting that the cow was "solved" without any pain, indicating that my skills are really superb. Through the description of my graceful and harmonious movements and melodious knife sound, the author makes readers have a desire to know how his stunts are realized. At the same time, structurally speaking, writing this scene not only vividly reproduces my superb skills, but also lays a natural foundation for the following statement of why she did it.
(5) What is the reason for my excellent interpretation skills?
Analysis: I can know from my words that I am skilled. First, the pursuit of "Tao" exceeds the pursuit of technology ("technology"). He did not stop at mastering specific "skills", but took exploring "Tao"-understanding the law of cattle-as the goal of practice. Second, persevere in practice, accumulate experience in repeated practice, explore laws and apply them. It is precisely because of this that he never knew the law ("the whole cow in since the enlightenment") changed to know the law ("beyond the whole cow"), and then became a clever usage (handy). Third, be cautious and respect the law: "Every family is difficult for me, and I take this as a warning. I can't look at it again, go late, and use less knives." I have never been proud.
(6) Wen said that after listening to my introduction, he understood the "way of keeping in good health". What is the relationship between the way of understanding cattle and this "way of keeping in good health"? What does this fable tell us?
Analysis: Although the "Tao" in My Master has different meanings from the "Tao" mentioned in the text (in essence, it is what Zhuang Zhou said), in the latter's view, society is like a cow. Despite the complex contradictions and fierce struggles, there is always a gap to be found. As long as I am like a master, I can "get into a room without thickness" and adapt to the environment. This passive and decadent lifestyle is naturally abandoned by people today. In fact, this is not inherent in my own experience, but is used by Taoism to promote his philosophy of life. Today, people get useful inspiration from the objective content reflected in the story itself. From the difference between the two, we may get such a revelation: only by analyzing objective things from the perspective of materialism can we grasp the laws of science.
Third, the teaching process design
(1) guided self-reading.
Self-study homework.
1. Orthomorphic pronunciation.
y！
Hu 1
Hu #
Xi X.
Ku3n
Qiq @ ng
X0ng
Hu Huan
2. Translate the text sentence by sentence with the help of text notes and reference books.
3. Divide the levels of this article and summarize the main idea.
(2) Discuss the following questions.
1. Summarize the usage of function words such as Wei, Hu, Ran and Yu.
(1) Yes
(1) Skillfully untie the button for the text (preposition, for, to)
I think it is difficult, but it is a warning. The former means solution; The latter means. )
(3) As far as it is concerned, the behavior is late (the two "actions" are synonymous because of the meaning. )
(4) stand with a knife, look around for it, and be full of ambition (two "Wei" are synonymous, because. )
(2)
(1) technical coverage so far? (question modal particles, right? )
(2) into the technology (equivalent to "in", no translation. )
(3) According to Heaven (same as (2))
(4) and the situation is good! (interrogative tone? )
⑤ There must be room for recovery! (Adjective suffix. Emphasize someone's tone. )
however
(1) playing with a knife (onomatopoeia suffix. )
② Because it is (adverb suffix, table "...". )
Although, as for family ... (pronoun, like this. )
(4) Fear of abstinence (adjective suffix, table "...". )
(3) in
(1) in the dance of the mulberry trees (preposition, leading to the object. )
(2) If the blade is new (front, from. )
There must be room for recovery. (preposition, for. )
Although, as for the family (verb suffix. )
2. Discuss the paragraphs and main idea of this article.
Paragraph 4 of this article can be divided into three parts.
The first part (the first paragraph) describes a scene in which my skilled workers solve cows, highlighting my superb skills.
The second part (the second and third paragraphs): The reasons for my superb writing skills.
The third part (the last paragraph): From the story leads to the way of keeping in good health.
3. A detailed and vivid description of the discussion article.
In the paragraph 1, the author describes a scene: knowing how to understand cows. However, the author focuses on action description, and uses five verbs in succession: the overall action description is "solution", and then the hand "touch", shoulder "lean", foot "walk" and knee "walk" are described respectively. This series of artistic and dancing action descriptions has begun to show my proficiency in understanding the skills of cattle. Then the author focuses on the sound he made when trying to understand cows, and uses two metaphors for this sound. When describing the sound, use two onomatopoeic words: "I" and "Xi"; The two metaphors are "the dance of mulberry trees" and "the meeting of the first classics". Vividly describe my movement rhythm, showing a supreme realm.
4. Discuss my dialogue level.
The third paragraph of the text describes my "experience talk". My words can be divided into six layers.
The first layer is "the minister's good path is also good, and he can enter the technology!" This sentence is the general outline of my "experience talk", which summarizes all the contents of the following conversation.
The second layer is about my experience in understanding cattle for many years. When I first learned about cows, all I saw were cows, just like most people did. Three years later, he didn't see the whole cow, which shows that he has a thorough understanding of the overall structure of the cow. No longer regard a cow as a whole cow, but as something that can be disassembled. This is the highest state.
The third layer explains the feeling of this realm in detail: "I meet God instead of seeing him. I am in charge of Zhi Zhi, and God wants to do this". The reason why I, a skilled worker, can achieve this proficiency is "according to the sky", that is, according to the natural structure of cattle.
On the fourth floor, skilled workers talk about the skills of understanding cows from the results of using knives. Guo Liang changed his knife at the age of 65. In 438+09, my master solved thousands of cows with his knife, but its blade was like a "new development". From the results of using the knife, it shows that my master is skilled in solving cows. My master explained the reasons for the different results of using a knife: a good master is "cutting"; Clans are "folding"; Using your own knife is "no room for intrusion", so it is "there must be room for recovery."
The fifth layer says that although I am skilled, I never take it lightly. Whenever it is "difficult to see its shape", then "it is a warning, and it is too late to act again. The knife is very small."
On the sixth floor, I wrote down my proud look after I succeeded in solving the cow: "Stand with a knife, look around, aim high."
5. Discuss the theme of this article.
(Refer to Question 2 of "Difficulties and Emphasis Analysis")
[Small message]
(1) About the author.
Zhuangzi, Zhou, was born in about 369 BC and died in 286 BC. During the Warring States Period, people from the Song Dynasty (now near Shangqiu, Henan Province) were one of the representatives of the Taoist school in the Warring States Period, and they were also called "Laozi School" with Laozi. I used to be a painter. He may be born in a declining aristocratic family, living in poverty, knowledgeable and eloquent. His works have been compiled into Zhuangzi, and there are 33 existing works. This book is divided into three parts: inside, outside and miscellaneous. It is generally believed that the Inner Chapter was written by Zhuang Zhou. The fable of Zhuangzi contains rich dialectics. Zhuang Zhou held a helpless and cynical attitude towards the social changes at that time, and advocated and pursued a spiritual realm of completely restoring people's "natural nature."
(2) Zhuangzi's related thoughts.
1. Zhuangzi advocated "Heaven does nothing". What is Tao? The Great Master Zhuangzi said, "A husband is affectionate and trustworthy, and he is invisible by doing nothing. Can be transmitted but not received, can be invisible. Since its roots, there is no heaven and earth, and it has been solid since ancient times. God is god, born. Before Taiji, it was not high, under the six poles, it was not deep, and its life span was not long, but it was longer than ancient times and not old. " "Zhuangzi's Theory of Everything" said when talking about the wind: "The husband blows the difference and makes it himself. Salty is self-inflicted, who is angry? " This means that the wind is blown by itself, and it is "spontaneous", and it is not the anger of the outside world that makes it make different sounds. This is Zhuangzi's "Heaven does nothing" thought, which is a mysterious and idealistic view.
2. Zhuangzi advocated relativism epistemology. "Zhuangzi Dechong Fu" said: "From the perspective of their own differences, they are more courageous; From the perspective of peers, everything is one. " This is a kind of relativistic epistemology. It means: if you look at it from the perspective of "outsiders", then the liver and gallbladder are separated as far as Chu and Yue; If you look at it from the same angle, then everything is the same.
3. Zhuangzi advocates unconditional spiritual freedom. In Zhuangzi's Happy Travel, it is put forward that "people have no self, gods are useless, and saints are nameless". He put forward an ideal personality of absolute freedom, who doesn't feel his own existence (without me), does not pursue any fame and fortune (reactive power), and ignores the reputation of others (nameless) for himself. Such people are spiritually free.
(3) The full text of Master Zhuangzi and his thoughts.
Health advocate
My life is limited, but so is my knowledge. With the limit, there is no limit, and it is almost there; Knowing what you already know is almost enough. Good has no near name, and evil has no near punishment. The Governor thinks that classics can preserve our health, nurture our life, support our loved ones and last for several years.
translate
Our life is limited, but our knowledge is infinite. It will be exhausting to pursue infinite knowledge with limited life. Then, people who pursue knowledge can only (let themselves) be exhausted.
Do good things without seeking fame and gain, and do bad things without punishment. Let nature take its course, and you can protect your life, preserve your nature, protect your body and enjoy your life.
"I know how to keep healthy for Wen ..." (omitted)
Wen Wenxuan was surprised to see the right teacher. "Who is it?" Is it evil? Heaven and peace? who is it? Yue: "Heaven is also inhuman. Heaven is born unique, and people's appearance is both. Is to know its nature, not its humanity. "
translate
Wen Wenxuan was surprised to see Teacher You and asked, "Who is this? How about one foot? Is it natural or artificial? " (Then, he said to himself): "born this way, it's not man-made. Born with only one foot, people's looks are endowed by (heaven). So knowing is natural, not artificial. "
Zepheasant pecks ten times and drinks a hundred times, and doesn't care about animals in the fan. Although god is king, he is not good at this.
translate
The pheasant on the grass pecked at the food and drank a mouthful of water, but didn't pray to be locked in a cage. (in that way), although strong in spirit, it is not comfortable.
Dead, Qin hung up and came out in three days. Disciple said, "Is it evil not to be friends with Master?" Said, "Of course." "But, you hang up, what can you do?" Said, "Nature. At first I thought it was a person, but now it's not. You come and I go, an old man cries like a son; Crying less is like crying mom. If he knew, someone would have cried without saying anything. It is a punishment to escape from heaven and forget what you have suffered. At the right time, so is the master; Appropriate, the master is also suitable. In times of peace, sorrow and joy cannot enter, and the ancients called it hanging the emperor. "
It means that poverty is the wage, fire is spreading, and I don't know what to do.
translate
Dead, Qin lost. He cried three times and came out. The disciple asked, "Isn't he your friend?" The answer is: "Yes." (Disciple again) asked: "So, is this a condolence?" Qin Shi said, "Yes. At first, I thought he was a perfect person, but now I know he is not. When I went in to pay my respects just now, I saw several old people crying for him, as if they were their own sons. Some young people cry for him as if they were their own mothers. When people are so sad when they cry, they must cry (emotionally) instead of crying. This is a criminal law that escapes from nature, violates the truth and forgets the length of life. It was called escaping from nature in ancient times. Should be born, Lao Dan should be born; Should die, Lao Dan naturally died. Peace of mind, timely adaptation to change, mixed feelings of sadness and joy can not invade our hearts. This attitude was called natural solution in ancient times. "
Oil can be exhausted as a product of combustion, but the flame continues, and I don't know when it will be exhausted.
"Health Master" thought;
Referring to the full text of Master Zhuangzi, we can see that the argument of the full text is in the first paragraph, that is, "the governor thinks about the classics". The author first explains the situation that life is limited and knowledge is infinite, and then points out that it is dangerous to pursue infinite knowledge with limited life; It also points out that the attitude we should hold in life is that "goodness has no near name, and evil has no near punishment". In Zhuangzi's view, "near fame" and "near punishment" are equally dangerous. After putting forward the argument that "life supervises and thinks about classics", it points out its function: "it can protect the body, raise the whole cow, raise relatives and spend the whole year"
The core of the thought of "supervising life and thinking classics" is that everything goes with the flow.
(4) Text translation.
I slaughter cattle for Wen, touching my hands, leaning on my shoulders, stepping on my feet, standing on my knees, all swish, swish and swish when I enter the knife. There is no movement that is not suitable for syllables, which is not only suitable for the rhythm of Sang Wu, but also suitable for the rhythm of the first movement.
Wen said, "Ah! Great! How can your technology reach this level? "
My master put down the butcher knife and replied, "I like pottery, which is beyond the technical field." When I started killing cows, I saw nothing but the whole cow. Three years later, I never saw the whole cow again. Now, I use my mind to understand, not my eyes to see. My sensory perception has stopped, but my mind still has to move. I follow the natural structure, split the gap between tendon and muscle, insert it into the gap between joints, and use a knife along the natural structure of cattle, even if the meridians are connected, there is no obstacle, let alone the big bone. Good chefs change a knife every year. They use it to cut muscles. Generally, chefs change knives once a month. They use it to cut bones. Now, I have used this knife for 19 years and solved thousands of cows, but the blade is as sharp as if it had just been ground from a millstone. There are cracks in the joints of cattle, but the blade is not thick. It is natural to insert a blade without thickness into a seam with a gap. Therefore, I have used this knife for 19 years, and it still looks like it has just been sharpened. Even so, whenever I meet a knot in my bones, I know it's hard to start. I am very careful, so my eyes are focused, my movements are slow, and the range of moving the knife is very small. The cow disintegrated, like mud scattered on the ground. At this moment, I stood there with a knife and looked around. I felt very satisfied and wiped the knife clean and put it away. "
Wen said: "Good! After listening to the chef, I know how to keep fit. "