It can also be divided into two categories: gradually tightening water purifier and self-cleaning water purifier. Progressive water purifier is also called progressive water purifier. Its internal piping design is the standard mentioned above. It consists of PP cotton, granular carbon, compressed carbon, RO reverse osmosis membrane or ultrafiltration membrane, and post-activated carbon. Usually, these five stages are connected end to end. There is only one channel in the internal pipeline, and dirt is deposited in the filter element, so it needs to be disassembled and cleaned manually regularly to ensure the normal operation of the machine. At present, most products on the market belong to this category.
The other is a more advanced self-cleaning water purifier that has appeared since 2008. Two channels are designed in the machine, and a washing water channel is added. There is a complete channel for washing water and purified water, and both of them do their own thing to make the water flow. When the washing water as ordinary domestic water passes through the channel, the raw water side of the filter element in the machine, especially the membrane filter element, is washed, so as to realize self-cleaning, and the intercepted pollutants are combined in time by using the waste water at the head and tail of the washing faucet. Generally speaking, the self-cleaning water purifier is equivalent to installing a garbage disposal device on the pipeline, which can clean up the dirty things at any time without leaving them in the machine. The traditional non-self-cleaning water purifier is equivalent to putting several trash cans in the room, and the dirt is usually temporarily stored in the machine, so it is necessary to regularly discharge the sewage and often disassemble, clean and replace the filter element.
2, according to the application points
There are two main types of water purifiers: household water purifiers and outdoor water purifiers. Household water purifier is a small water treatment equipment in modern families. Household water purifiers also include Lexin water purifiers, faucet water purifiers, stage water purifiers, wall-mounted water purifiers, horizontal water purifiers, and clean buckets. Outdoor water purifier is a portable drinking water protection device when engaged in outdoor activities. When in use, it does not need to be installed on the tap or under the pressure of tap water, but only needs manpower to purify outdoor natural water such as rainwater, streams, rivers and lakes into sterile and safe drinking water, which can be directly drunk without harmful substances such as suspended pollutants. Outdoor water purifiers mainly include individual water purifiers, sports net kettles, water purification cups and automatic water purification vehicles.
3. According to the structure of the filter element.
Water purifiers are divided into reverse osmosis water purifiers, ultrafiltration membrane water purifiers and energy water machines according to the composition of filter elements. The purification effects of the three water purifiers from strong to weak are: R0 reverse osmosis water purifier, ultrafiltration membrane water purifier and energy water purifier.
The reverse osmosis water purifier comes standard with five stages of filtration, namely: PP cotton, pre-granular carbon, pre-compressed carbon, RO reverse osmosis membrane and post-activated carbon (also called small T33). Reverse osmosis water purifiers are divided into wall-mounted water purifiers and kitchen-mounted water purifiers according to their shapes and functions.
Ultrafiltration water purifier is mainly ultrafiltration membrane, supplemented by other filter elements such as activated carbon (excluding energy filter element). Ultrafiltration water purifiers are divided into vertical and horizontal types according to installation methods. The vertical ultrafiltration water purifier consists of PP cotton, granular activated carbon, compressed activated carbon, external pressure ultrafiltration membrane and T33. The horizontal ultrafiltration water purifier consists of stainless steel shell, internal pressure ultrafiltration membrane and KDF.
Energy water purifier is also called energy machine. Water purifiers include mineral fossils, living fossils, small molecular stones, alkaline spheres, magnetized stones, etc. It is beneficial for human body to absorb, and it is called energy water purifier (energy water purifier), and it is also called active water purifier in the industry.
At present, the most advanced water purifier on the market combines three technologies to improve water quality in many aspects, such as purification, mineralization, activation, magnetization and alkalization. Purification effect, half-width of water, hardness of water, oxygen content of water, PH value of water and negative ion content of water are reference standards for comprehensive evaluation of water quality.
Treatment method of water purifier:
1. softening
Refers to water whose hardness (mainly calcium and magnesium ions in water) has been removed or reduced to a certain degree. In the process of water softening, it only softens the water, but it can't improve the water quality. Water without softening can easily lead to acclimatization, vomiting and diarrhea.
2. Distillation
Is to boil water, then collect steam, cool it and condense it into liquid. Distilled water is extremely safe drinking water, but there are some problems to be further discussed. Distilled water is strongly opposed by many health experts because it contains no minerals and has extremely low oxygen content. In addition, distillation has high cost and energy consumption, and it can't remove volatile substances from water.
3. Boiling method
It refers to drinking tap water after boiling, which is an ancient method and widely used in China. Boiling water can sterilize, but it cannot remove some chemicals and heavy metals. Moreover, tap water contains a small amount of chlorine gas for sealing, which produces chloroform when boiling, which is extremely harmful to human body. Even if its content is extremely low, it is still very harmful to drink for a long time.
4. Magnetization method
It refers to the treatment of water by magnetic field effect, which is called magnetization treatment of water. The process of magnetization is that water passes through the magnet in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field lines, that is, the process of magnetization is completed. China's magnetized water treatment technology is still in the initial stage of practice and research, and the deepest research abroad is in Japan. Because there is no scientific consideration for water magnetization in China, magnetized water is not within the scope of pure water, but is included in medical care.
5. Mineralization method
It refers to adding mineral elements (such as calcium, zinc, strontium and other elements) beneficial to human body to water on the basis of purification. Commercially available water purifiers generally add medical stone to the water purifier to achieve the purpose of mineralization. In order to prevent some unscrupulous merchants from exaggerating publicity and causing market confusion, the Ministry of Health has clearly pointed out that "wading products are not allowed to publicize any health care function", and consumers who need health care can only look at the introduction of filter elements in many products to see if they meet the demand.
6. Ozone and ultraviolet sterilization
These aspects can only sterilize, but can't remove heavy metals and chemicals in water. After being killed, the bacteria remains in the water and becomes a pyrogen.
7. Electrolysis
The electrolysis of pure water began in Japan. This equipment is called electrolyzer. It first purifies water and then carries out electrolytic activation. Its alkaline activated water corresponds to the PH value of human internal environment, which is healthy for human body and suitable for drinking. Acidic activated water can be used for washing face and bathing, and has cosmetic effect. However, the benefits of electrolyzed water to human body need further discussion.
8. Activated carbon adsorption
Can be divided into the following three forms
8. 1 granular activated carbon is commonly used, and it is mostly made of carbon-containing substances such as essence, coal quality and fruit shell (core) by chemical method or physical activation method. It has a large number of micropores and specific surface area, so it has strong adsorption capacity and can effectively adsorb organic pollutants in water. In addition, during the activation process, some oxygen-containing functional groups are formed in the amorphous part of the surface of activated carbon, which makes the activated carbon have chemical adsorption, catalytic oxidation and reduction properties, and can effectively remove some metal ions from water.
8.2 Silver-infiltrated activated carbon combines activated carbon with silver, which not only absorbs organic pollutants in water, but also has bactericidal effect, and bacteria will not grow in activated carbon, thus solving the problem of high nitrite content in effluent of water purifier. When water passes through activated carbon impregnated with silver, it will slowly release silver ions, which will play a role in disinfection and sterilization. Activated carbon has a good effect on removing color, odor, chlorine, iron, arsenic, mercury, cyanide and phenol. In water, and the sterilization effect is above 90%, so it is used in small water purifiers.
8.3 Fiber Activated Carbon Organic carbon fiber is a new adsorption material formed by activation treatment, which has developed micropore structure, huge specific surface area and numerous functional groups. Foreign countries have made remarkable achievements in solvent recovery and gas purification by using fiber activated carbon. A lot of research work has also been done in the application of water treatment.
9.RO reverse osmosis membrane
RO reverse osmosis is a popular international machine (also known as terminal water purification equipment) that filters raw water (physical method) by reverse osmosis and directly produces pure water for human consumption. Municipal tap water whose water quality meets the Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water Quality (200 1) issued by the Ministry of Health of China is used as raw water. The raw water is pre-filtered by two activated carbon filter elements (1 granular activated carbon, 1 sintered activated carbon) and 1 PPF spray filter elements, and then the pre-filtered water is forced to pass through RO (reverse osmosis) with a pore size of one ten thousandth of a micron. English reverse osmosis) membrane, and finally the pH value of water is adjusted by silver-loaded activated carbon (also called small T33) made of fruit shell (coconut shell) (to make the prepared purified water taste sweet and mellow), so as to prepare purified water. RO reverse osmosis water purifier introduces advanced ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis technology and accessories from the United States, and produces the most advanced purified water device for household and group use in China. The device produces high-quality water, which is safe, stable and reliable in operation, simple in operation and small in occupied area, and can most effectively remove calcium, magnesium, bacteria, organic matter, inorganic matter, metal ions and radioactive substances in water. The water purified by this device is clear and sweet. The device is suitable for families, hotels, hotels, hospitals and other enterprises and institutions to drink clean water.
Compared with bottled water, the purified water produced by RO reverse osmosis water purification mechanism is fresher, more hygienic and safer. It has a wide range of uses: it can be drunk raw or boiled. The most prominent feature in this respect is that the kettle or electric thermos will never scale again. Pure water for cooking is more hygienic and delicious; Bathing with pure water can remove impurities from the skin, moisturize the skin and play a natural beauty effect; It can provide water for small household appliances such as humidifier, steam iron and beauty instrument. And there will never be an annoying scale; When used together with an ice maker, the ice cubes made are crystal clear without any peculiar smell.
Reverse osmosis: Reverse osmosis was originally developed by NASA with the support of the government. It cost billions of dollars and has been studied for many years. The principle of reverse osmosis is to apply a pressure greater than the natural osmotic pressure on the raw water side, so that water molecules can reverse permeate from the high concentration side to the low concentration side. Because the pore size is much smaller than hundreds or even thousands of times that of case virus and bacteria, all kinds of viruses, bacteria, heavy metals, solid soluble substances, polluted organic substances and calcium and magnesium ions can not pass through the reverse osmosis membrane at all, thus achieving the purpose of softening and purifying water quality.
10. Micropore (micro) filtration …
It is a microporous filter membrane made of cellulose or polymer materials, which uses its uniform pore size to intercept particles, bacteria, colloids and so on. In water, so that they can be removed without a filter membrane. This microporous membrane filtration technology, also known as particle density filtration technology, can filter micron or nano particles and bacteria.
1 1. ultrafiltration
Ultrafiltration principle: Ultrafiltration is a pressure membrane separation technology, that is, under a certain pressure, small molecular solutes and solvents pass through a special membrane with a certain pore size, while large molecular solutes cannot penetrate and stay on one side of the membrane, thus partially purifying large molecular substances. Ultrafiltration principle is also a principle of membrane separation process. Ultrafiltration micropores are less than 0.0 1 micron, which can completely filter out harmful substances such as bacteria, rust and colloid in water and retain the original trace elements and minerals in water.
Ultrafiltration membrane: it is a microporous membrane with uniform pore size, and the rated pore size range is 0.00 1-0.02 micron. Ultrafiltration membranes are divided into inorganic membranes and organic membranes according to different membrane materials. Inorganic membranes are mainly ceramic membranes and metal membranes. Organic membranes are mainly made of polymer materials, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethersulfone (PES), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and so on. The newly developed PVC alloy ultrafiltration membrane in China is improved from ordinary PVC materials, which has the advantages of good hydrophilicity, high punching accuracy and corrosion resistance.
Ultrafiltration water purifier: The water produced by ultrafiltration water purifier can not only completely filter out harmful substances such as bacteria, rust and colloid in the water, but also retain the original trace elements and minerals in the water to supplement our daily needs. This kind of water is not only safer than boiled water, but also healthier than pure water, which can really meet our daily drinking and water demand to some extent.
1 1, hydrogen-rich (negative) method
Using electrolysis technology, hydrogen is generated, while a small amount of hydrogen dissolved in water generates H3O+. As a non-toxic and harmless inert gas, hydrogen will not cause any harm to human body, while hydrogen and a small amount of H3O+ dissolved in water will react with reactive oxygen radicals harmful to human body to generate water. Hydrogen-rich method originated from Japanese technology, and other countries have not studied it enough. There is little research on this block in China, and the deepest one is Shizhen Hydraulic Institute, where retired Professor Song Hongchang of Chinese Academy of Sciences is located. Some technologies have surpassed those of Japan. Although hydrogen-rich technology is of great significance, its application is extremely narrow at present. The water used in hydrogen-rich technology must be compound purified water, which must contain minerals in addition to being clean. Previously, the water used for hydrogen-rich technology in Japan still needed to be below 60℃. With the establishment of a special water research institute in China, the research team led by Professor Song Hongchang has been able to use hot water to enrich hydrogen.
12. Composite type
When one process is difficult to remove harmful substances from water, two or more processes are adopted, which is called compounding. Like activated carbon adsorption? Ultraviolet sterilization and activated carbon adsorption? Reverse osmosis, activated carbon adsorption? Microfiltration (ultrafiltration), polypropylene microfiber? Live charcoal? Microfiltration (ultrafiltration), etc. Among the composite water purifiers, the membrane technology composite water purifier has excellent water purification performance, especially in removing microorganisms (bacteria, algae and so on). ). Some excellent water purifiers can directly drink raw water, which has been welcomed by consumers and has become a hot spot in the development of water purifiers.