Technical specification (including operation specification) is the concretization of technical standards and specifications, and it is a technical regulation on construction technology, operation method, use of equipment and tools, construction safety technology, etc. of building installation project according to the requirements of technical standards and specifications.
2. Briefly describe the relationship between deflection value of subgrade top surface and compactness.
The deflection value of the top surface of subgrade is the deformation value under load, which reflects the overall strength of subgrade, while the compactness reflects the compactness of each compaction layer of subgrade. Only when the compactness of each layer meets the requirements can the subgrade deflection value meet the requirements.
What are the main types of special subgrade?
Subgrade in landslide area, rockfall area, debris flow area, karst area, permafrost area, loess area, expansive soil area, saline soil area, aeolian sand area, snow damage area and salivation area.
What are the common diseases of embankment slope?
Dike slope collapse, gully, protective body sliding, protective erosion, rapids hanging, etc.
5 What is flexible pavement?
Flexible pavement refers to the pavement with low stiffness and low tensile strength, which mainly depends on compressive strength and shear strength to bear the vehicle load. Except cement concrete pavement and block pavement, all types of pavement are flexible pavement.
6 What is rigid pavement?
Rigid pavement refers to the pavement with high rigidity and high bending and tensile strength, generally referring to cement concrete pavement.
What are the requirements for the maximum particle size of 7-graded macadam as base and subbase?
When graded macadam is used as base, the maximum particle size of macadam should not exceed 40mm (square hole sieve), and when used as subbase, the maximum particle size of macadam should not exceed 50mm (square hole sieve).
8 How to evaluate whether the compacted specimen meets the requirements?
After the last layer of sample is compacted, the height of the sample beyond the top of the test tube shall not exceed 6mm. Samples with excessive height shall be invalid.
9. What's the effect on the quality if the asphalt-aggregate ratio is too large?
The correct choice of asphalt-aggregate ratio is an important factor to ensure the quality of asphalt pavement. Too much asphalt is not only wasted, but also causes diseases such as flooding, softening, oil package and packaging.
What's the effect on the quality if the ratio of 10 asphalt aggregate is too small?
Too little asphalt is used, the mineral aggregate is not firmly bonded, and the compaction is loose, pitted and permeable, which leads to the early damage of the surface layer.
1 1 What requirements should the asphalt pavement base meet?
(1) has sufficient rigidity and strength.
(2) It has good stability.
(3) The surface is smooth and dense, and the camber is consistent with the surface layer.
(4) Good combination with the surface layer.
How to evaluate the area of honeycomb pits on 12 concrete surface?
(1) Honeycomb pits appear after concrete pouring and form removal, and the honeycomb depth is less than 1cm.
(2) In a component, the pit area of each inclined plane shall not exceed 1% of the surface area.
(3) When pits appear on several sides of the component, the degree of honeycomb pits of the component should be expressed by the side with the highest percentage of pit area.
What are the disadvantages of 13 cement concrete pavement?
(1) with seams;
(two) can not be opened to traffic immediately after the construction;
(3) Difficulties in excavation and repair;
(4) The sunlight is too reflective;
(5) The demand for cement is large;
(6) Too much preparation before pouring concrete.
What are the manifestations and characteristics of 14 hole collapse?
The characteristics of hole collapse are that the water level in the hole suddenly drops, small bubbles appear at the orifice, the slag output increases obviously without footage, and the load of drilling rig increases obviously.
15 What are the main factors that affect the strength of concrete?
(1) Quality of raw materials, sand, cement and water
(2) Grading composition of aggregate
(3) Mix proportion and water cement ratio
(4) Mixed mass
(5) Transportation
(6) Vibrating and leveling
(7) Maintenance
(8) Temperature
16 what should I do before pouring concrete?
Before pouring, the supports, templates, steel bars and embedded parts shall be inspected. Sundries, accumulated water and dirt on steel bars in the formwork shall be cleaned up and kept quiet. The template should have gaps and be packed tightly, and the inner surface of the template should be coated with release agent.
17 basic requirements for dry masonry flaky
(1) When laying, large stones should be selected, and staggered joints should be packed tightly without looseness.
(2) The edge of masonry should be straight, smooth and firm.
18 which piles are generally needed for midline survey?
(1)20M pile or 50M pile;
(2) Increase 100m piles;
(3) 100m pile and km pile;
(4) piling at the beginning, middle and end of the curve;
(5) Please enter the secondary title of the indicating pile.
19 what are the commonly used instruments for highway measurement?
Compass, theodolite, level meter, tablet, hand-to-line instrument, infrared range finder, total station.
What are the main factors that affect the angle measurement results?
(1) collimation axis and horizontal axis error
(2) the leveling error of leveling tube
(3) Error caused by irregular operation
(4) Errors caused by natural conditions
(5) reading errors.
There are several kinds of wires commonly used in 2 1 expressway.
Closed conductor, auxiliary conductor, branch conductor.
What is the main content of restoring alignment?
Measurement and recovery of (1) traverse intersection;
(2) Repetition and recovery of the turning point of the conductor;
(3) restoring the middle pile in the route;
(4) Re-survey and additional leveling base points along the line.
What are the main items of bridge completion survey?
(1) Please enter the text for measuring the centerline and span of the bridge.
(2) Measure the dimensions of pier or tower and anchor;
(3) Check the bridge deck elevation.
In bridge construction, under what circumstances should the leveling points set on both sides of the river be checked for elevation?
When the width of the river is greater than 150m, river-crossing leveling shall be carried out to check the elevation of bench marks on both banks.
What are the methods of elevation lofting?
(1) level direct measurement method, suitable for flat places;
(2) The hanging steel rule method is suitable for deep foundation pit or high pier;
(3) The trigonometric leveling method is suitable for deep foundation pits or high piers.
When measuring instruments appear, they are considered unqualified.
(1) is corrupted;
(2) overload or misoperation;
(3) The display is abnormal;
(4) functional problems;
(5) Exceeding the specified weekly inspection and confirmation interval;
(6) The integrity of the instrument seal has been destroyed.
As a material of surface concrete, what characteristics must it have?
High bending tensile strength, high wear resistance, good frost resistance and as low as possible expansion coefficient and elastic modulus.
What are the unconfined compressive strengths of 287 days?
(1) In non-frozen areas, wet cultivation was carried out at 25℃ for 6 days, and water immersion 1 day.
(2) Wet cultivation at 20℃ for 6 days and water immersion for 65438 0 days.
29 whether the asphalt used for the asphalt surface layer is good or not, what should I choose according to it?
According to regional climate conditions, construction season temperature, pavement type, construction method, etc.
30 Pavement cement concrete requires high gravel. What are the main technical indexes of crushed stone in the specification?
Crushing value index, acicular particle content, silt content and organic matter content of crushed stone.
3 1. What is the content of the quality inspection stage?
A:
(1) incoming inspection, such as raw material inspection.
(2) Construction process inspection, such as process inspection and concealed engineering inspection.
(3) Final inspection, such as completion inspection and project completion inspection.
32. What is the basic content of construction quality inspection, evaluation and acceptance of building engineering?
Answer: Sampling inspection of partial and sub-project contents, inspection of construction quality assurance data and inspection of project appearance quality.
33. What should be done in time after the subgrade earthwork is basically completed?
Answer: The construction unit should restore all the piles, and check the center line and elevation of subgrade, subgrade width, slope gradient, intercepting ditch and drainage system together with the quality supervision personnel according to the requirements of the design documents, and make a renovation plan according to the inspection results to carry out the renovation of subgrade and drainage ditch.
34, the types of sand, according to the particle size distribution is how to name?
Answer: Sandy soil can be divided into three categories: coarse sand, medium sand and fine sand, with coarse sand particles with a particle size of 2-0.5 mm accounting for more than 50%; Particles with a particle size of 0.5-0.25mm account for more than 50% in medium sand and 0.25-0.074mm in fine sand.
35, how to calculate the crushing value of aggregate?
Answer: The aggregate crushing value is tested twice in parallel. After each test, the ratio of the calculated fine material quality to the total test amount is the aggregate crushing value, which is expressed as a percentage, and the result only needs to be taken after one decimal point.
36, asphalt concrete construction process, drainage ditch
What sampling work should be done for the green mixture?
Answer: Marshall stability, flow value, porosity, saturation, asphalt extraction test and mineral aggregate gradation after extraction.
37, asphalt mixture ratio design including those items?
Stage?
A: There are three stages: target combination design, production combination design and production combination verification.
38. What is the compressive strength of cement concrete?
Answer: The concrete compressive strength specimen is a cube with a side length of 150mm as the standard specimen. The concrete strength shall be subject to the standard curing of the specimen for 28 days and the strength measured by the specified method.
39, the design of cement concrete mixture ratio is divided into several steps?
Answer: (1) Calculate the preliminary mixture ratio;
(2) put forward the benchmark mixture ratio;
(3) Determine the mixture ratio of the laboratory;
(4) Conversion of "field mixture ratio".
40, according to the gradation principle of asphalt mixture.
How many types of structures can be divided into?
Answer: Suspended dense structure, skeleton gap structure and discontinuous grading structure.
What are the advantages of 4 1 and SMA asphalt pavement?
Answer: It has the advantages of anti-sliding, wear resistance, compactness, durability, anti-fatigue, anti-rutting and reducing low-temperature cracking.
42. What does quality management mean?
A: Establish a quality policy, implement all the functions and work contents of the quality policy, and evaluate and improve the work effect.
43. What systems does the quality control work system include?
A: Regular meeting system, coordination system, acceptance system and quality responsibility system.
44. What method can be used to reinforce the wet and weak foundation?
A: Chemical consolidation and drainage consolidation.
45. What are the applicable scopes of bored piles?
Answer: (1) dense soil layer, no groundwater;
(2) Weathered rocks without groundwater;
(3) There is a small amount of groundwater, and the soil layer or weathered rock layer is relatively dense.
46. What are the structural characteristics of bridge engineering pile foundation?
Answer: Solid section, hollow section, large buried depth and many forms of pile group arrangement.
47. What is the basis for the division of bridges and small bridges in the Technical Standard for Highway Engineering?
Answer: The total length and standard span of the bridge.
48. What are the main geosynthetics commonly used in asphalt pavement?
Answer: Plastic grille, glass fiber grille, geotextile.
49, used as cement concrete expansion joint plate, should meet what conditions?
Answer: No deformation during construction, high elastic recovery rate and good durability.
50. What are the granular subbase suitable for highways at all levels?
Answer: Graded gravel subbase, graded crushed stone subbase and interstitial crushed stone subbase.
5 1. What are the types of bridge foundations?
Answer: Rigid foundation, pile foundation, pipe pile, open caisson, diaphragm wall, etc.
52, the applicable conditions of underground continuous wall?
Answer: It is suitable for underground retaining walls, water retaining cofferdams, bridge foundations bearing vertical and lateral loads, underground structures with large plane size or complex terrain, and can be used to remove soil layers with high underground confined water such as karst in time.
53. What are the main construction technologies of bridge superstructure?
Answer: segmental cantilever balanced construction, hole-by-hole construction, incremental launching method construction, swivel construction and cable hoisting construction.
54, commonly used stent calculation should consider what factors?
Answer: Design load, camber, settlement value, etc.
55. Generally speaking, various loads and external forces acting on highway bridges are divided into several categories.
Answer: Permanent load, variable load and accidental load.
56. Before using the hanging basket to pour the main girder, the hanging basket must be preloaded. What is its purpose?
Answer: (1) Verify the reliability of the hanging basket;
(2) eliminating inelastic deformation;
(3) Determine the actual deformation of the hanging basket under different loads.
57, after tensioning prestressed reinforcement, how to deal with the hole?
Answer: After the prestressing tendon is tensioned, the channel shall be washed clean, the accumulated water shall be blown away, and grouting shall be carried out as soon as possible. Each index of mud must meet the design or specification.
58. After the prestressed tendons are tensioned, how to inject mud into the tunnel?
Answer: grouting pump is used to start grouting from the lowest point of the beam, and the grouting holes at both ends of the beam are grouted at one time until the specified consistency of cement slurry fills the whole channel.
59, in order to ensure the strength of lime stabilized soil base, what should be controlled in the construction?
Answer: (1) The amount of lime and ash are uniform;
(2) Mixing uniformity of lime stabilized soil;
(3) Compaction of lime stabilized soil;
(4) Maintenance of lime stabilized soil.
60. The main feature of highway engineering projects is linear structure, which requires a lot of investment. What type of highway construction industry does it belong to?
A: capital-intensive and labor-intensive.
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