2. Sports: First, it refers to a social activity with physical exercise as the basic means, combined with natural factors such as sunshine, air and water and health measures, with the aim of strengthening physical fitness, improving health and enriching social, cultural and recreational life. Physical education plays an important role in promoting normal physical development, improving mental health, enhancing social adaptability and cultivating all-round talents. Second, it refers to the educational activities that guide students to learn and master the basic knowledge and skills of physical education in the school education environment, so as to form their awareness of physical exercise, improve their physical activity ability and promote health. Physical education is not only an effective means of education, but also an important content of education.
Competitive sports: refers to the systematic and scientific training and competition for cultivating excellent sports talents and creating excellent achievements.
Social sports: refers to mass sports activities that citizens voluntarily participate in with the main purpose of improving physical and mental health.
Lifelong sports: it is the sum total of sports that people keep on doing for various needs in life.
3. Health: refers to a state, which is not only free from disease and weakness, but also perfect in physical, psychological and social aspects. A person can only be considered as a truly healthy person if he maintains a good state in physical, psychological and social adaptation. Physical education is an important means to promote health.
4. Physical health: refers to a person's good physical quality, normal function and good mental state. As a study in the field of physical health, students are required to understand the knowledge of nutrition, environment and health care related to sports, develop their physical fitness and improve their physical health.
5. Mental health: it includes two meanings: first, it refers to the state of mental health, in which individuals not only feel good about themselves, but also are in harmony with society; The other refers to the principles and measures to maintain mental health and reduce behavioral problems and mental illness. Physical activities have a positive impact on promoting people's mental health. As a study in the field of mental health, students are required to learn to adjust their emotional state through physical activities, enhance their self-esteem and self-confidence, and form a strong will quality. Social adaptation refers to the process that individuals adjust their behavior habits or attitudes in order to adapt to the social living environment. In social life, each individual has his own unique way to deal with people and things, and has the desire and need for interpersonal communication, cooperation, friendship, respect, reputation and achievement. The satisfaction of all these needs depends on individual's social adaptation, and at the same time, they can promote individual's social adaptation. Individual's social adaptation includes a series of autonomous adaptation behaviors, which are usually manifested in specific adaptation methods such as adaptation, self-control, assimilation, obedience and obedience. People who often participate in sports activities will improve their social adaptability. As a social adaptation in the field of learning, students are required to cultivate a good spirit of cooperation and competition, form harmonious interpersonal relationships, and learn how to acquire physical education and health knowledge in modern society.
6. Sports participation: refers to the attitude and behavior of students to actively participate in sports activities. Students who often participate in sports activities can cultivate and develop their interests and hobbies in sports, form the habit of physical exercise, and make sports activities an important part of their lives. As a learning field, sports participation requires students to have the attitude and behavior of actively participating in sports activities, master the knowledge and methods of scientific fitness, and form the habit of insisting on physical exercise.
7. Motor skills: refers to the ability to effectively complete special movements in sports, including the ability to coordinate work between different muscle groups under the adjustment of the nervous system. As a sports skill in the field of study, students are required to learn, master and apply basic sports knowledge and skills, form certain sports specialties, and lay a good foundation for lifelong sports.
8. Physical fitness: refers to the ability of various organs and systems of the human body to show their functions in sports activities. Physical fitness includes physical fitness related to health and physical fitness related to sports skills. The former includes cardiopulmonary endurance, flexibility, muscle strength, muscle endurance, body composition and so on. And the latter includes speed, strength, agility, coordination, balance, reaction, etc. Necessary for engaging in sports. Some of the physical components are not only health-related physical fitness, but also physical fitness needed to improve sports skills.
9. Social adaptation: refers to the process that individuals adjust their behavior habits or attitudes in order to adapt to the social living environment. In social life, each individual has his own unique way of dealing with people and things, and has the desire and need of interpersonal communication, cooperation, friendship, respect and being respected, reputation and achievement. The satisfaction of all these needs depends on individual's social adaptation, and at the same time, they can promote individual's social adaptation. Individual's social adaptation includes a series of autonomous adaptation behaviors, which are usually manifested in specific adaptation methods such as self-control, assimilation, obedience and obedience. People who often participate in sports activities will improve their social adaptability. The standard requires students to form harmonious interpersonal relationships, cultivate good spirit of cooperation and competition, have good sports ethics and a certain sense of social responsibility.
10, sports participation: refers to the attitude and behavior of students to actively participate in sports activities. Students often participate in sports activities, which can cultivate their interest in sports, form the habit of physical exercise, and make sports activities an important part of life. "Standard" requires students to form the attitude and behavior of actively participating in sports activities, and apply scientific methods to participate in physical exercise to form the habit of physical exercise.
1 1, sports skills: refers to the ability to effectively complete special movements in sports, including the ability of different muscle groups to coordinate their work under the adjustment of the nervous system. The standard requires students to learn a variety of sports games and physical activity methods, and master and apply basic sports knowledge and skills.
12, physical fitness: refers to the ability of the functions of human organs and systems in sports activities. Physical fitness includes physical fitness related to health and physical fitness related to sports skills. The former includes cardiopulmonary endurance, flexibility, muscle strength, muscle endurance, body composition and so on. And the latter includes speed, strength, agility, coordination, balance, reaction, etc. Necessary for engaging in sports. Some of these physical fitness components are not only health-related physical fitness, but also physical fitness needed to improve the level of sports skills. Physical fitness is an important part of physical fitness.
13. Specific goal: The overall goal of the course is refined and decomposed into five aspects and four levels, so as to reflect the corresponding level of learning achievements that students in different classes should achieve in all aspects. According to the different nature of learning content, the standard divides five learning categories, namely, sports participation, sports skills, physical health, mental health and social adaptation. These five aspects are interrelated and influence each other. According to the characteristics of students' physical and mental development and learning content, the Standard establishes four learning levels in the compulsory education stage. The first level is equivalent to 1 ~ 2, the second level is equivalent to 3 ~ 4, the third level is equivalent to 5 ~ 6, and the fourth level is equivalent to 7 ~ 9.
14. Emerging sports: The emerging sports in the Standards refer to sports that are popular internationally, but are newly developed or created in China, deeply loved by young people and suitable for school development.
15. Learning field: refers to the learning category divided according to the nature of learning content in physical education and health courses.