The watchman said,' This is not my monarch. Why does it sound like my monarch?' Nothing else, there are similarities. Note ① Fan: Place name, the old city is twenty miles southeast of Fan County, Shandong Province, and it is the main road between Wei and Qi.
② Wide residence: Mencius' "wide residence" refers to benevolence. As "Under Teng Wengong" said: "Live in the world and stand in the right position in the world."
③ Dieze Gate: the gate of Song Dynasty. From Fan Yi to Qidu, Mencius saw the son of the King of Qi from a distance and sighed, "How important it is to change one's position, raise one's health and change one's physique! Isn't he also the son of human beings? " Mencius said, "You have many rooms, horses, cars and clothes, most of which are the same as others. You are so because of your position."
What's more, what about people in the widest position in the world? When the king of Lu arrived in Song State, he shouted at the gate of Song State. The gatekeeper said,' This man is not our king. "Why does his voice sound like our king?" There is no other reason, but they are in the same position. "
The next part (raising but not loving being a pig) is dedicated to raising and not loving being a pig. Mencius said: "Eat 1 and love, but make love;" Love without respect is also a beast. Respect, money will not.
Respect is false, and a gentleman cannot be detained. Note (1) Eat: Verb, make it eat, extended to support.
2 coins: refers to gifts. Yes; Send.
Mencius said: "feeding without love is like raising pigs;" Love without respect is like keeping birds, dogs and other animals. Respect comes before giving gifts.
Only formal respect, a gentleman can't stay in vain. The reason why a gentleman teaches five is Mencius said: "The reason why a gentleman teaches five is that those who change with time, those who have virtue, those who have wealth, those who have answers and those who have private love.
These five things are taught by gentlemen. Note (1) Finance: general "things".
Shu: Pass "Uncle" and pick it up. Ai (Yi): Same as "cut", take.
In other words, Shu and Ai are synonymous. "Private Shu Ai" means "private Shu", which means that you are not a direct student, but you admire yourself and teach yourself privately. This is also the meaning of the so-called "Sanguisorba officinalis".
Mencius said: "A gentleman educates people in five ways: just like timely rain; Have perfect moral quality; Have the ability to cultivate; The answer to the question; There are also private disciples who influence others to become academic. These five are the ways for gentlemen to educate people. "
The next part (the master does not change the waste rope ink of my poor work) The master does not change the waste rope ink of my poor work wholeheartedly. Gong Sunchou said in the original text: "The Tao is high and beautiful. If it is natural, it is unattainable; Why not in a few days? " Mencius said, "A great craftsman does not change rope ink for clumsy work, nor does he change winning percentage for clumsy shooting." . A gentleman leads without sending, and jumps.
Those standing in the middle, and those who can follow. "Note ① Winning rate: the standard of bow drawing.
Gong Sunchou said, "The Tao is very high and good, but it is as high as reaching the sky. Why not make it barrier-free and let people work hard every day? " Mencius said: "A clever craftsman will not change or abandon the rules because of poor workers, nor will he change the standard of drawing a bow because of poor archers.
The gentleman didn't shoot an arrow, but pretended to shoot one. He made a proper appearance, and those who have the ability to learn followed him. "
The next chapter (martyrdom) is dedicated to martyrdom. The original Mencius said: "There is a Tao in the world, and you are martyred with the Tao; There is no way in the world, you are a martyr. I have never heard of anyone being martyred for pottery. "
Mencius said: "If the world is politically clear, it is necessary to do things with virtue; When the world is dark, defend morality with life. Never heard of sacrificing morality and giving in to others. "
Understand that "there is a way in the world, and you have to die with it" is "there is a way in the world" (The Analects of Confucius? Taber), that is, "the state has the way to be an official" ("The Analects of Confucius? Wei Linggong "), that is," reaching is good for the world "("Mencius? Dedicated "). However, it seems that "being martyred without morality in the world" is more heroic than "hiding without morality", "being pregnant without morality in the country" and "being immune to poverty", while "there is no harm to benevolence if there is a benevolent person with lofty ideals" (The Analects of Confucius? Wei Linggong ").
To die is to be a martyr. Only traitors can be martyred.
Of course, from a deeper understanding, "if there is no Tao, it will be hidden", "if the country has no Tao, it will be rolled up" and "poverty" can be said to be a manifestation of "martyrdom", because it is to give up the so-called "future" for the sake of "Tao" rather than giving up life. As long as you are unyielding and treacherous, you will not be martyred for the Tao.
"Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those who have high status and high positions? They will never tolerate others showing them a sincere face! " (Li Bai) Although this is not "killed", it is only "immunity", but it is a typical example of not wanting to be a martyr. Although not heroic, but also righteous words.
Next article (Ask for advice with an open mind) Ask for advice wholeheartedly with an open mind. The original Gong Duzi said, "Teng Geng (1) is at the door. If he is polite, why doesn't he answer? " Mencius said, "Ask questions in the name of (2) Expedience, virtue, seniority, honor and labor, and reason, but none of them will answer. Teng is even more embarrassing. "
Note 1 Teng Geng: the younger brother of Teng studied under Mencius. 2 x: rely on it.
Gong said, "Teng Yin is studying under your door. It seems that he should be treated with courtesy, but you don't answer his questions. Why? " Mencius said: "I didn't answer the question by my own strength, by my own talent, by my age, by my own merits, by my long-term friendship." There are two kinds of these five kinds. "
The next article (the sharp one, the slow one) is the slow original.
Mencius said in classical Chinese: "In this way, a small country can't resist a big country, a small number can't resist a large number, and a weak force can't resist a strong one.
At present, there are only nine countries with thousands of miles of land in the world, and Qi's land accounts for only one ninth. Taking one-ninth of the land to conquer nine-eighths of the land is different from the confrontation between Zou Guo and Chu State? Why not go back to the source and find a solution to the problem? "Now, your majesty as long as you commanded, a benevolent government, all people who want to do it are willing to do it in your court. The tiller is willing to farm in your field. People who do business are willing to do business in your market. Tourists are willing to travel to your country. Those who hate their monarch are willing to tell your king.
If you can really do this, who can fight with you? "。
3. The translation of the full text of The Analects of Confucius Mencius requires a minimum of 0.27 yuan for a librarian to view the full content > Original Publisher: Interpretation of Mencius in the Department of Foreign Languages of Zhang Jiaoyuan (Chapter 9) (1) Q: "Go to the field and cry in the sky. What is he crying about? " Zhang Wan asked, "Shun went to the field and reported to heaven. Why did he tell and cry? " Mencius said, "Resentment is also."
Mencius said, "I miss my parents because of their grievances." Zhang Wan said: "'Parents love it and don't forget it; My parents hate it, they work hard and have no complaints.
But avoid hate? "Zhang Wan said:"' Parents like themselves and are happy without forgetting their parents; Parents hate themselves, but they don't blame their parents for being sad.' So Shun is complaining about his parents? Yue: "I'm interested in asking Yu:" Shun, if you go abroad, you'll hear my life; I don't know if I cried to heaven, my parents.
Gong Ming said, "I know right and wrong." Husband is open and filial, why not? 2. I try my best to plow the fields, and * * * is just my son's job. If my parents don't love me, what is it to me? The emperor ordered his nine sons, nine men and two women, and hundred officials, cattle and sheep granaries to be prepared, so as to make the matter of mu of land go smoothly and many people in the world move away.
If you go against your parents, you are like a homeless poor man. Everyone in the world likes it, and people's desires are not enough to solve their worries; Lust, what people want, a wife and two daughters, is not enough to solve their worries; Rich, what people want, rich in the world, but not enough to solve their worries; Expensive is what people want, and expensive is the son of heaven, which is not enough to solve their worries.
People are happy, lustful and rich, and no one can solve their worries, but obeying their parents can solve their worries. If there are few people, admire your parents; Know lewd, desire less love; If you have a wife, you admire your wife; I admire your being an official, but I am not enthusiastic about you.
Daxiao admired his parents all his life. Those who reward at 50 will show Dashun. "
Mencius said: "(Before) Changyi once asked the public:' Go to the field and listen to your solution; Telling and crying to the sky is like this for parents, and I still don't understand it. Said,' This is beyond your comprehension.
4. Translate Mencius' classical Chinese saying: "Thus, a small country cannot be an enemy of a big country, a sparsely populated country cannot be an enemy of a populous country, and a weak country cannot be an enemy of a powerful country.
At present, the total land area of China is about 9 million square miles, while the total land area of Qi is only/kloc-0.00 million square miles. What is the difference between taking one-ninth of the strength as the enemy and taking the other eight-ninth as the enemy? This road is impassable, why not start with Ben? Now, if we reform and cultivate benevolence, all the scholars in the world will regard Qi as an official, all the cultivators will cultivate land in Qi, all businessmen will do business in Qi, all travelers will pass through Qi, and all those who hate their monarch will complain to you.
Sure enough, who can stop it? "。
5. Mencius' original text and translation G. * * * kk8.cn Dai Yingzhi said: "First, the levy of going to the city has declined. Please relax and wait for the next year. So what? " Mencius said: "Today, some people are busy with their neighbors' chickens every day, or tell them,' It's a gentleman's way. Say:' please damage it, the next year will be full of chickens. If you know it is wrong, it will be too late. Why wait until next year? "
Dai Yingzhi, a doctor in the Song Dynasty, said: "The tax rate is very low, and taxes on checkpoints and markets are exempted. This year is out of the question. How about reducing it first and implementing it next year? " Mencius said, "Now there is a man who steals a chicken from his neighbor's house every day. Someone told him,' this is not a gentleman's behavior.' He said,' I want to reduce it. I'll steal one every month first, and I won't steal it at all next year. If you know this behavior is improper, you should stop it as soon as possible. Why wait until next year? "
6. Mencius said: "There is no industry that can sustain life for a long time, but there is always kindness. Only people with lofty ideals can do it. As for ordinary people, there is no fixed industry, so there is no long-term heart. If there is no long-term goodwill, there will be (there will be) disobedience and resistance, and there will be nothing to do. When (they) commit crimes, punish them with criminal law, which is to frame the people. How could the ruling benevolent monarch do such a thing to frame the people? Therefore, the wise monarch stipulates the inheritance rights of ordinary people, which will certainly enable them to support their parents in this world and their wives and children in the future; You can have plenty of food and clothing when you grow up, and you won't starve to death when you grow up badly. Then urge them to do good deeds. So it is easy for ordinary people to follow the monarch. It is now stipulated that the people's property can't support their parents all over the world, nor can it support their wives and children in the future. In good years, they always live in hardship, and in bad years, they are bound to starve to death. In this way, only save yourself from death, it is too late, where can you be polite? The king really wants to practice benevolent government, why not return to the original? Mulberry trees are planted in a house with five acres of land, so that 50-year-old people can wear silk clothes; Domestic animals such as chickens, dogs, pigs, etc., regardless of the season (breeding), 70-year-old people can have meat to eat; One hundred acres of land will not delay the farming season, so that a family of eight people will no longer starve; Pay attention to school education, and remind them repeatedly on the principle of filial piety, so that white-haired old people will no longer walk on the road with things on their backs. Old people wear silk clothes to eat meat, and ordinary people don't go hungry and freeze, so if the world can't be unified, there is no such thing. "
7. What is the full text of Mencius Liang Wang Hui and its translation? Liang said: I am in the countryside, and I devote myself to the countryside.
If Hanoi is fierce, the people will move to Hedong and the millet will move to Hanoi; Hedong is also fierce. People who observe the politics of neighboring countries have no intention like me.
There are no more people in neighboring countries, and there are no more people in my country. Mencius said to him: Wang is belligerent, please use the metaphor of war. Drum filling, weapon company, abandoning armor and dragging troops away.
Or stop after a hundred steps, or stop after fifty steps. What if the pot is too black? Say: no! Straight is not a hundred steps, but it is also a walk.
If Wang knows this, there is no hope of being more than his neighbors. If you don't go against the farming season, the valley can't take food; If the number (ù) does not enter the pool (wū), the fish and turtles will not be able to eat; Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used.
Valley and fish turtles can't be eaten, and wood and wood can't be used, which makes people lose their lives (sāng) and die without regret. Keeping in good health and dying without regret is the beginning of kingly way.
Five acres of houses, the trees are mulberry trees, and fifty people can wear clothes. Chickens, dolphins and dogs () and livestock () can eat meat for 70 people without wasting time.
A hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family of several can be hungry; I respect the teaching of Preface very much and apply it in the sense of filial piety. White prizes will not be placed on the road. Seventy people eat clothes, silk and meat, and the people are not hungry or cold. However, people who are not wàng are not here.
Liang said: I am loyal to my country. When there was a famine in the north of the Yellow River, the people there were moved to the east of the Yellow River, and the grain from the east of the Yellow River was transported to the north of the Yellow River. The same is true of the famine years east of the Yellow River. No one cares more about seeing the monarch of a neighboring country preside over political affairs than I do.
But there are not many people in neighboring countries, and neither are I. Why? Mencius replied: Your Majesty likes fighting. Allow me to use the metaphor of fighting. When the drums are drummed, the weapon blades have collided, throwing armor and dragging the weapon to escape.
Some people stop after running a hundred paces, while others stop after running fifty paces. What do you think of (it) running only 50 steps and laughing at others running 100 steps? Hui Wang said: No.
Just didn't escape to the hundred paces, which is also an escape! Mencius said: If your majesty knew this truth, he wouldn't have to expect the people in his own country to increase compared with those in neighboring countries. If you don't go against the busy farming season, you can't eat all the food.
Fish and turtles won't eat until they enter the pond for fishing with dense nets. Cut down trees according to the season, and the wood will not be used up.
Food, fish and turtles can't be eaten up, and firewood can't be used up. There is nothing wrong with letting the people feed people and bury the dead. People can't live in poverty, and the dead can't be buried. This is the beginning of kingliness.
Planting mulberry trees next to a five-acre residential field allows you to wear silk clothes at the age of 50. Livestock raise chickens, pigs, dogs and other poultry and livestock. Don't miss the breeding season. You can eat meat at the age of 70.
A hundred acres of arable land will not delay its production season, and families of several people will not go hungry. A Collection of Notes on Liang Zhang's Sentences is quoted from Mencius.
Mencius, a collection of Mencius' speeches during the Warring States Period, recorded the dispute between Mencius and hundred schools of thought, the words and deeds of his disciples, and the lobbying of princes, and was compiled by Mencius and his disciples (Zhang Wan, etc.). Mencius recorded Mencius' thoughts on governing the country, political views (the debate between benevolent government and Wang Ba, people-oriented, respecting the right and wrong of the monarch's heart, people ruling the country, and following the monarch is light) and political actions. It was written in the mid-Warring States period and belongs to Confucian classics.
His theoretical starting point is the theory of good nature and advocates the rule of virtue. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu called Mencius, The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean the Four Books.
Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been regarded as a family heirloom. References:
Mencius Liang Wanghui went to Baidu Encyclopedia.
8. The full-text translation of The Analects of Confucius and Mencius was originally published by the Foreign Languages Department of Zhang Jiao Yuan.
Interpretation of Mencius on Zhang Wan (9 chapters) (1) Zhang Wan asked: "Shun went to the field and he cried in the sky. What is he crying about? " Zhang Wan asked, "Shun went to the field and reported to heaven. Why did he tell and cry? " Mencius said, "Resentment is also." Mencius said, "I miss my parents because of their grievances." Zhang Wan said: "'Parents love it and don't forget it; My parents hate it, they work hard and have no complaints. "But avoid resentment?" Zhang Wan said: "'Parents like themselves and are happy without forgetting their parents; Parents hate themselves, but they don't blame their parents for being sad.' So Shun is complaining about his parents? Yue: "I'm interested in asking Yu:" Shun, if you go abroad, you'll hear my life; Crying in the sky, crying in my parents, I don't know. "Gong Ming said loudly,' I know right and wrong. Husband is open and filial, why not? 2. I try my best to plow the fields, and * * * is just my son's job. If my parents don't love me, what is it to me? The emperor ordered his nine sons, nine men and two women, and hundred officials, cattle and sheep granaries to be prepared, so as to make the matter of mu of land go smoothly and many people in the world move away. If you go against your parents, you are like a homeless poor man. Everyone in the world likes it, and people's desires are not enough to solve their worries; Lust, what people want, a wife and two daughters, is not enough to solve their worries; Rich, what people want, rich in the world, but not enough to solve their worries; Expensive is what people want, and expensive is the son of heaven, which is not enough to solve their worries. People are happy, lustful and rich, and no one can solve their worries, but obeying their parents can solve their worries. If there are few people, admire your parents; Know lewd, desire less love; If you have a wife, you admire your wife; I admire your being an official, but I am not enthusiastic about you. Daxiao admired his parents all his life. Those who reward at 50 will show Dashun. Mencius said: "(Before) Changyi once asked the public:' Go to the field and listen to your solution; Tell to the sky, cry to the sky, that's what parents do, I still don't understand. "Gong Gao Ming said,' This is beyond your comprehension.
9. Mencius Encyclopedia Translation 1 "Bao Zhuang Meets Mencius" Bao Zhuang went to see Mencius and said, "I went to see the King, and the King and I talked about music. I have nothing to say."
Then he asked, "What do you think of the music?" Mencius said: "If the king likes music very much, then Qi will probably be well governed!" A few days later, Mencius came to see Xuan Wang and asked, "Your Majesty once talked with Bao Zhuang about loving music. Is that so? " Wang Xuan's face changed and he said shyly, "I don't like the quiet and elegant music of my predecessor. I just like the music that is popular now." Mencius said, "If you are very happy, the State of Qi will be easy to govern! In this matter, the current pop music is similar to the ancient elegant music. "
King Yi of Qi said, "Do you know why?" Mencius said, "Which is happier, entertainment alone or with others?" King Xuan said, "It is better to have fun with others." Mencius said, "Which is happier, entertainment with a few people or entertainment with many people?" King Xuan said, "It is better to have fun with most people."
Mencius said, "Then I will say that entertainment is king!" If the king is playing music, people will complain to each other sadly when they hear the sound of the king ringing the bell, beating the drum and playing the flute. Our king likes music. Why should we be so poor? Father and son can't meet each other, and brothers and wives are separated. "If the king is hunting, people will complain to each other sadly when they hear the king's horses and chariots and see the glory of the flag:' Our king likes hunting, why are we so poor? Father and son can't meet each other, and brothers, wives and children are separated.
There is no other reason, just because we don't entertain with the people. "If the king is playing music, when people hear the sound of the king ringing the bell, beating the drum and playing the flute, they will smile and tell each other,' Our king is probably not sick, otherwise how can he play music?' If the king is hunting, the people will hear the noise of the king's horses and chariots and see the gorgeous flags. They will all smile and tell each other,' Our king is probably not sick, otherwise how can we hunt?' There is no other reason, just to entertain the public.
If a king can be kind and selfless, his favorite music will become more and more elegant, such as a gentle breeze and drizzle. Rites and music are natural and heartfelt. The joy of the people is the joy of the monarch. If the world is satisfied with this, what the king has is what the people have. This is the way to truly rule the world with great colleagues.
If the king entertains with the people and shares his inner joy, then he will be popular all over the world! "Music can be king in the world." The weather and season favorable to combat are not as good as the geographical situation favorable to combat, and the geographical situation favorable to combat is not as good as the people's hearts and internal unity in combat.
A small town in Lisan, a city outside Qili, surrounded and attacked it, but could not win. Encircling and attacking it must be a favorable condition for obtaining the weather season, but it can't win, because the weather season conducive to combat is not as good as the geographical situation conducive to combat.
The city wall is not high, the moat is not deep, the weapons and equipment are not bad, and the food is not small, but the defenders abandon the city and flee. This is because the geographical situation favorable to the battle is not as good as the popular will and internal unity in the battle. Therefore, we can't rely on the boundaries of territory to calm people's hearts, consolidate national defense, and deter the world from relying on the strength of weapons and equipment.
People who practice benevolent policies will have more people to help and support him, while those who do not practice benevolent policies will have fewer people to help and support him. With so few people helping him, all his brothers and sisters will betray him.
Many people helped him to the extreme, and everyone in the world surrendered to him. With the condition that people all over the world submit to him, they will attack those who betray him physically and by their brothers. Therefore, those who practice benevolent government will either not fight or win.
Born in sorrow and died in happiness, Shun was appointed from the field and promoted from the work of building walls, Glue was promoted from the work of selling fish and salt, Guan Yiwu was promoted from the prison officer, Sun Shuai was promoted from the seaside to the court, and Priscilla was promoted from the street to the photo. Therefore, God is about to place a great responsibility on such a person. First of all, we should make his heart ache, make his bones and muscles tired, make him hungry, make his skin thin, make him down and out, and make what he does turn upside down and never be happy. Through these, we can alert his heart, strengthen his character and increase his talents that he does not have.
People often make mistakes before they can correct them; Inner difficulties, blocked thinking, and then you can make a difference; All this is shown on the face, expressed in words, and then understood. A country, if there is no minister who insists on laws, no sage who assists the monarch, and if there is no invasion by hostile countries and foreign enemies abroad, it will often go to extinction.
This shows that sadness can make people alive, and ease and pleasure can make people haggard and die. 4 Qi Xuanwang asked (Mencius) the inscription on Qi Huan: "Can you listen to Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong?" Mencius replied, "None of Confucius' students praised Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong, so they were forgotten in later generations.
I haven't heard of it. If we must say it, let's talk about being king! "(Qi Xuanwang) said," What kind of morality should we have in order to govern the country and unify the world? " ("Mencius") said: "If you appease the people and rule the world, no one can resist him.
"(Qi Xuanwang) said," Can a person like me appease the people? " (Mencius) said, "Yes." (Qi Xuanwang) said, "How do I know I can do it?" (Mencius) said: "I heard Hu Bi say,' You are sitting in the main hall, and a person is holding a cow and passing by your royal highness.
You see this man and ask, "Where are the cows?" (The man) replied, "I will use it to sacrifice the clock." Your Majesty said, "Let it be! I couldn't bear to see it tremble with fear, so I went to the place where I was punished and innocent.
"(The man asked):" So, you are going to give up the bell offering ceremony? " You said, "How can it be abolished? Trade the sheep for it. "'I wonder if there is such a thing? "(Qi Xuanwang) said," that's right.
"(Mencius) said," So.