During the winter vacation of 20 1X, in order to increase my knowledge, I went back to my hometown and investigated some basic situations and problems in our hometown by visiting farmers. Along the way, I found that I really gained a lot, and at the same time, this isolated village had a different understanding of China Agricultural University.
The village I investigated is located in Weishan Village, Weishan Township, Ningxiang County, Changsha City, Hunan Province. There are 1 120 households with 4420 people. Weishan is a branch of Xuefu Mountain, with high altitude, so the crops planted here can only be harvested once a year. Moreover, due to the hilly terrain, the land here is scattered and it is impossible to realize mechanized large-scale production. Before 2005, it was a traditional agricultural village, but since the establishment of Weishan Scenic Area in 2005, the department of * * * has been committed to the development of tourism and public facilities have been done well, but in the end it only promoted the development of some people, and the economic situation of most other farmers has not been greatly improved. In addition, in 2008, Weishan Township Tea Co., Ltd. rented the farmers' fields in this village for planting tea at the price of 600 kg/mu/year of raw grain. Since then, there are few ethnic rice in the village, most farmers take tea cultivation as their main agricultural economic source, and some farmers are engaged in aquaculture such as aquatic products, native chickens and pigs. These are all involved in this survey and will be explained in detail in the following content.
I have been visiting since 20 1X, 654381October 28th. In order to know more about the content of the questionnaire, I first interviewed my father. My father expressed great support for my action, and through an interview with my father, I found that the supply of social services in the village was almost zero. Moreover, in the following survey, farmers answered no to these socialized services, but in the final communication with village cadres, there are some services, such as credit rating certificate, introduction loan, pest control, agricultural insurance, etc., which may not be known because most farmers do not need them. In terms of agricultural subsidies, Murakami's subsidies include three subsidies and subsidies for returning farmland to forests. However, the farmers' reaction is that the amount of these subsidies seems to be getting less and less. The subsidy fund of 20 1X does not even give a specific amount, but is included in the "salary" item, which makes most farmers think that these subsidies are gone, causing most people's dissatisfaction.
In the following investigation, I found that almost no farmers in the village had participated in agricultural production and operation training or had no opportunities, and there were no professionals to provide advice when they encountered problems in production and operation. So I often take a lot of detours and lose a lot of money. A farmer said in an interview that "farmers' uncles have to paste books when farming", which shows farmers' helplessness. It is worth noting that when investigating the promotion status of new rural technologies, such as soil testing formula technology, farmers have never heard of it, but there are posters about this information in the publicity column outside the office of * * *, which makes me a little strange. Is there a fault of information transmission in the middle? In the process of production and operation, the sales link is the most serious. Both ordinary farmers and large professional households have encountered many problems in this link due to inconvenient transportation and poor information. According to the farmers' reaction, the most desired help is the guidance of * * *, followed by financial support. Next, I'll sort out some interviews with big professional families.
1 Aunt Huang
Unlike other farmers I visited, in my impression, Aunt Huang is a rural person who is full of life and has the courage to explore. Strictly speaking, her family is not a big professional family, but it is not far from a big professional family. On 20 1X, she raised more than 5,000 chickens, ducks and pigs, built a special chicken coop, bought a special machine for incubating eggs, and Aunt Huang also tried to plant soybeans bought from Shandong. She said that in the next two years, she is going to further expand the scale of the chicken house, and at the same time, she is also going to rent land to try to plant fruit trees. She said that large-scale production is mainly her own interest, and it is also a good way to get rich and keep fit.
In terms of family members, Huang XX said that there was no one to help, her son only supported her, and her husband went out to work, mainly relying on himself. Because the technology was not in place and the manpower was insufficient, I did encounter many problems at first. In June, 2065438+0, most chickens died strangely, with a loss of nearly 10,000 yuan. Later, it was found out that the reason was that she usually drove the chickens to the tea farm for stocking. At that time, the tea was drugged and the chickens were not watered, which caused this huge loss. But she was not discouraged, found the source of the problem and improved it in time. Finally, her chicken sold well at the end of the year.
Aunt Huang told me that she often pays attention to CCTV's get rich program and is inspired by many things. However, due to her low education, she doesn't know how to use network technology to find information for study, which greatly limits the large-scale production of her family. In addition, Huang XX said that she wanted to set up a chicken cooperative, but because no one participated, it was difficult to expand the scale. Finally, my aunt generously shared her cultivation experience. For example, when planting corn, do not touch seeds with fertilizers and pesticides, and do not use pesticides at high temperatures. It is best to dry the dew in the morning before spraying pesticides.
2 Peng Dabo
Peng has been engaged in agricultural production activities at home and has accumulated a lot of experience. In 20 13, the number of migrant workers in the village increased greatly, and the corresponding wasteland also increased. He thinks this is a good opportunity to rent them a lot of land and start a business. He said, on the road of starting a business, * * * can't help much, and * * * doesn't attach importance to agriculture, but mainly focuses on development and construction. The help he got mainly came from the support of the community and his family. Ye Bo has two sons, both of whom have gone to college. They gave money to support Uncle Peng after work. It is mainly their father and son who make decisions at home.
20 1X, Pengjia's business scale is 45 mu, mainly planting tea, medicinal materials and sweet potatoes. Specifically, there are 20 mu of tea, medicinal materials 10 mu and sweet potatoes 10 mu. In addition, his family also has a big pond, which can have about 1500 Jin of fish a year. Peng feels that the current business situation is not optimistic. There is no market for the cultivated medicinal materials. Even if it is sold, the price will not go up, and it lacks quality certification and its own brand. At the same time, due to the terrain, it is impossible to realize mechanized mass production, and the price of employees is getting higher and higher, so the profit can be very small. He hopes that * * * can guide them to make a network platform to introduce farmers' agricultural products and solve sales problems for everyone.
Peng said that at that time, * * * almost no one helped, all by himself. At the same time, due to the non-circulation of information, there is no way to understand those new policies of benefiting farmers, and they have never heard the propaganda of * * *. But in any case, Peng told me that he would stick to it. Of course, he still hopes that * * * can play a guiding role.
I found that Peng did a good job in resource utilization. He often pays attention to knowledge such as low carbon and environmental protection. In the farmland, he also adopted the way of returning straw to the field to recycle resources. At the same time, he used biological pesticides when applying pesticides. In addition, unlike other farmers, he has a detailed record of his income and expenditure, and knows the net income of crops clearly, while other farmers often can only estimate a figure, and the final income is not very clear.
In the future, Peng wants to continue to expand the scale and set up cooperatives. But I have never found like-minded people, and I lack funds and information. Finally, he sincerely hopes that * * * can "attach importance to farmers and take agriculture as the foundation".
Every day, there are new experiences and new gains. I also learned more about farmers' interests from them. Let me also briefly talk about some problems I have learned.
I. Land issues
I heard from my mother that I didn't get the land, and I didn't think so at the time. I didn't really understand the origin of this matter until I went back to my hometown for an in-depth investigation.
Driven by the reform and opening up, in 1980, the household contract responsibility system was implemented in our village, and the production was guaranteed to each household. To 1995, 12, 3 1, the village held another field distribution meeting. At that time, the division was 0.6 mu/person. How many people were there in your family at that time? Just multiply by 0.6. And I was born in 1996, so naturally I didn't get any land, and the children born after that didn't have any land. In addition, the land of the deceased is inherited to his children, and the land of the married daughter cannot be taken away or left in the original home.
This land division has caused such problems to this day. 1995 Some families with small population were allocated less land. Now there are more people, but the land is still so small that they can't support a family. In rural areas, land is life, because without land, there are more opportunities to earn money outside, causing most of the labor force to go out to work. I came across such an example in this survey. The Chen family 1 person's land was only allocated in 1995, and now there are 12 people in the family. It is impossible to support a large family on that 1 mu of land, so we can only go out to work.
So farmers hope this problem can be solved. Most farmers are worried that their children will have no land in the future, which is really a big problem in rural areas. They expressed the hope that the land between the dead old man and the born child could be as balanced as possible.
Second, the price issue.
When I was a child, I remember that tea belongs to my family, not to the brigade. Tea at home can often be sold per catty 10 yuan, while tea picked in the brigade can be bought in 3 yuan.
4 yuan a catty (we call this kind of tea picked for others "tea bag" there). Because of the huge price difference, everyone's enthusiasm for production is still very high.
However, in 2008, farmers' fields were rented from Ming Company on a large scale, and then the tea they planted could be picked. Therefore, the price of this kind of tea bag is 10 yuan. Farmers only need to help them pick it, and someone will collect it after picking it. However, their own tea leaves need to be treated with pesticides and pesticides a year, and they have to be fertilized and pruned in advance, which has certain natural risks, and finally they have to sell them tea. The price of tea is almost monopolized, and it can't be rewarded, which greatly affects the enthusiasm of farmers to grow tea, so that most farmers can't manage their own land, the fertility of the land declines, and other crops can't grow well, and finally they all become wasteland. In addition, it is worth noting that in 20 1X, the land lease fee of Xiangming company has not been paid to farmers, so most farmers guess that there are some big problems in the operation of Xiangming company. If the company goes bankrupt and returns the original land to farmers, it will definitely cost a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources to replant rice. There are also many problems in continuing to grow tea, which will eventually become a hidden danger.
Third, left-behind children.
I basically live with my parents, so I always feel that there is no problem of left-behind children in our village, or it is not as serious as the TV newspaper said. But after this investigation, I found that it seems that this is not the case.
During my visit, I found that most farmers are over 60 years old or over 50 years old. Their children hardly go home and have been working outside, so they take their grandchildren to do some farm work at home. With the decrease of land in recent years, the price of tea is monopolized, more and more laborers go out to work in villages, and more and more children stay behind, which makes the problem more and more serious.
Fourth, the problem of disaster.
Our village is located in a ravine, with subtropical monsoon climate and abundant rain and sunshine. But because it is located in the deep mountains, there are often wild boars. Although farmers have taken some preventive measures, they are still harmed by wild boar. Crops are often destroyed in a mess. And farmers' legal awareness is relatively weak. Although * * * promised to help, in the end, the farmers didn't get any subsidies, and no one came to help them catch wild boar.
These problems are all found in my investigation and interview. This is also a practical problem about rural farmers that I didn't notice before.
In addition, during the investigation, I had an exchange with a clerk in his seventies. He has his own views on the current situation in Murakami.
He said that * * * now gives up agriculture to build scenic spots, but the development zone has no special products and only relies on a Buddhist culture (there is a thousand-year-old Miyin Temple in Weishan, in which a magnificent Guanyin with a thousand hands was built, and the Buddha statue opened in September 20 1X, attracting a large number of tourists). In addition, recently * * * mainly focuses on environmental health, scientific health and external image. Although it is important, we haven't seen the root cause yet. Now is a good time for development, which should be multifaceted and multifaceted. At the same time, we should introduce new technologies, use our brains and try to find our own specialties, just like introducing new energy in reform and opening up. Besides, we must never give up agriculture. In rural areas, without agriculture, people will eventually become rich.
In addition, he also put forward his own views on management and production. There is a saying in the countryside that "spring planting is postponed, and spring planting can't lose money", which probably means that the price of pepper is good this year, so we can't blindly follow the trend next year. If we can't sell peppers this year, we will have to plant peppers next year. Using this rule, the weather is dry in 20 13 years, and there is no ginger, and the price of ginger sells well, and then in 20 14 years.
The price of 20 1X is also good, and the old man proudly said that his small business also made a lot of money.
But farmers' farming is like opening an open-air factory without any guarantee. Moreover, before liberation, the land was graded. Fields in mountainous areas like ours are not very valuable, so most people choose to go out to work to find a way out. The old man's words gave me a deeper understanding of the present situation in the countryside. Also let me see the old man's open-mindedness and wisdom.
As the research drew to a close, I visited more and more farmers, and I got a better understanding of the current situation in the village. This feeling gives me truth. I don't read as before, but listen to what others say. Even if I have more feelings, I won't get a deeper and clearer understanding from this survey.
Through this survey, I learned more about the problems in rural areas and the difficulties of farmers, including their food, clothing, housing and transportation, or the problems encountered in production and life. As an agricultural university student, adhering to the school motto of "relieving people's livelihood and cultivating talents in the world", I said to the farmers during the visit: "If you have any questions about agricultural production or management, you can tell me that my current knowledge may not be enough to help you, but I will record it now. When I get back to school, I can ask the teachers in our school. As soon as I have news, I will tell you. At that time, I thought about holding a "problem meeting" through village cadres to gather farmers. If everyone has any agricultural problems, everyone within my ability will give feedback, but in the end there is no action. I just collected some problems encountered by farmers I investigated. This semester, I will go to the teacher and ask for any suggestions or solutions.
In addition, through this survey, I am more determined to take root in the countryside and develop my hometown. I especially like picking fruits and walking in the mountains since I was a child. I have decided my future development direction since I was a child, that is, to be a farmer. I think there are many unique things in my hometown, and they all have great development prospects. And after going back this time, I deeply feel that everyone in my hometown needs talents like us and information technology. And now I feel heavier on my shoulders at school, and at the same time I feel more motivated and purposeful. Thanks to this experience, I will create a different college life that belongs to me.