1, Tao Te Ching

Tao Te Ching is a philosophical work of Lao Zi (Li Er) in the Spring and Autumn Period, also known as Tao Te Ching, Lao Zi's Five Thousand Words and Lao Zi's Five Thousand Articles. It is a work before the separation of pre-Qin philosophers in ancient China and an important source of Taoist philosophical thoughts.

Tao Te Ching is divided into two parts. The first part of the original text is the Tao Te Ching, and the second part is the Tao Te Ching, without chapters. Later, it was changed to the Tao Te Ching in the first 37 chapters, and the Tao Te Ching in the last 38 chapters, divided into 8 1 chapters.

The text of Tao Te Ching takes "morality" in the philosophical sense as the main line, and discusses the ways of self-cultivation, governing the country, using troops and keeping in good health, but most of them aim at politics. It is the so-called "inner sage and outer king", known as the king of all classics, with profound meaning and wide tolerance. ?

Tao Te Ching is one of the greatest works in the history of China, which has a profound influence on traditional philosophy, science, politics and religion.

According to the statistics of UNESCO, the Tao Te Ching is the most widely translated and published cultural masterpiece except the Bible.

2. I ching

The Book of Changes is an ancient classic that expounds the changes of Vientiane in the world, and it is a profound dialectical philosophical work. Including Lianshan, Ghost Stories and Zhouyi, of which Lianshan and Ghost Stories have been lost, and only Zhouyi is left in the world.

The Book of Changes, known as the "source of all classics", is the general program of China's traditional culture, which contains simple and profound natural laws and harmonious dialectical thoughts, and is the crystallization of thousands of years of wisdom of the Chinese nation. ? [

The Book of Changes understands and grasps the world from a holistic perspective, and regards man and nature as an organic whole that is mutually inductive, that is, "the unity of man and nature".

The Book of Changes has long been used as a "soothsayer". "Divination" is to predict the development of future events, and The Book of Changes is a book that summarizes the laws and theories of these predictions.

The Book of Changes is an outstanding representative of China culture. Vast, subtle and all-encompassing, it is also the source of Chinese civilization. Its content involves philosophy, politics, life, literature, art, science and many other fields. It is the first of the group classics and a classic of Confucianism and Taoism.

3. Zhou Li

Zhou Li is a Confucian classic and one of the thirteen classics. This biography was written by Zhou Gongdan, but it was actually written during the Han Dynasty.

Zhou Li, Yi Li and Li Ji, collectively known as the "Three Rites", are the theoretical forms of the ancient national rites and music culture in China, which recorded and explained the laws and significance of rites most authoritatively and had the most far-reaching influence on the ritual system in past dynasties.

Zheng Xuan, a master of Confucian classics, made an excellent annotation on Zhou Li. Because of Zheng Xuan's high academic prestige, Zhou Li became the first of Li San and became one of the Confucian ceremonies.

Zhou Li, formerly known as Zhou Guan, was first seen in Historical Records and Amenorrhea. Zhou Li recorded the society, politics, economy, culture, customs and etiquette in the pre-Qin period, with rich historical materials. The content involved is extremely rich and all-encompassing, which is a treasure house in the cultural history of China.

4. Spring and Autumn Annals

The Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Lin Jing or Lin Shi, is one of the six Confucian classics in ancient China. It is also the national history of Lu in the Zhou Dynasty, and the existing version was revised by Confucius.

Spring and Autumn Annals is the first chronological history book in China, with a total of 35 volumes. It is one of the Confucian classics and the longest of the Thirteen Classics. It is listed as a classic in Sikuquanshu. It covers the period from 722 BC (Lu Yinnian) to 479 BC (16th year of Lu Aigong).

The language of events recorded in Chunqiu is extremely concise, but almost every sentence implies praise and criticism, which is called "Chunqiu brushwork" and "subtle meaning" by later generations.

Later, there appeared many books that supplemented, explained and expounded the history recorded in the Spring and Autumn Annals, which were called Biography. Representative works include Zuo Zhuan, Ram Zhuan and Gu Liangzhuan, which are collectively called the three great biographies of the Spring and Autumn Period.

5. Zhuangzi

Zhuangzi, also known as the South China Classic, is a Taoist classic, written by Zhuangzi in the middle of the Warring States Period and later scholars. After the Han Dynasty, Zhuangzi was honored as a real person in the south of the Yangtze River, so Zhuangzi was also called a classic in the south of the Yangtze River. His books, Laozi and Zhouyi are called "San Xuan".

Zhuangzi mainly embodies Zhuangzi's critical philosophy, art, aesthetics and so on. Its content is rich and profound, involving philosophy, life, politics, society, art, world outlook and many other aspects.

Zhuangzi's articles, with fantastic imagination, ingenious conception, rich and colorful ideological world and literary artistic conception, Wang Yang's wanton writing style, romantic artistic style and magnificent mystery, are typical works of pre-Qin philosophers.

Zhuangzi's words seem to praise Wan Li with infinite imagination, but they are well-founded and more important than historical materials. Mr. Lu Xun said, "His style of writing is Wang Yang's, and his manners are all square. The works of the late Zhou philosophers should not be the first. " Known as "nine-flow pliers, bag a hundred bags."

Zhuangzi, Gui Zang, Four Classics of Huangdi and Laozi are several original classics of the Chinese nation. They are not only important carriers of philosophy and culture, but also the crystallization of ancient sages' wisdom about literature, aesthetics, art and aesthetics. Zhuangzi and other Taoist thoughts have historically been regarded as official learning and Taoism besides Confucianism.

Zhuangzi is not only a philosophical masterpiece, but also a fable masterpiece in literature and aesthetics. But also exerted an inseparable and far-reaching influence on the development of China's literature and aesthetics.

The publication and research of the fable of Zhuangzi has inherited and developed the excellent tradition of China culture and carried forward the spirit of the Chinese nation. In a practical sense, it laid a spiritual foundation for the construction of socialist civilization.

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