Ginger needs a large amount of fertilizer, so besides applying sufficient base fertilizer, it should be topdressing in time. No topdressing is required at germination stage, the height of seedlings is 30cm, topdressing is required at 1-2 branch development 1 time, and 20 kg of ammonium sulfate or diammonium phosphate or 30 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied per mu. In the vigorous growth period, 75 kilograms of cake fertilizer and 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer are applied. At the same time, topdressing 1 time, and then combined with watering for the second time.
Ginger planting generally requires sandy loam. And the labor intensity is relatively high. Not suitable for people who have lost their labor force.
Planting method of ginger
Specific introduction
1. Botanical characteristics
Ginger root system is underdeveloped and shallow, mainly distributed in the range of about 30 cm. The stem is a fleshy rhizome, and the axillary buds can divide one, two or three times continuously, and the secondary rhizomes are clustered into blocks. Generally, the more seedlings, the bigger the ginger pieces and the higher the yield. The aboveground stems are pseudostems formed by leaf sheaths, with a height of 70~ 100 cm, and stand upright regardless of ginger branches. Leaves lanceolate. Leaf sheaths, green, alternate leaves, arranged in two rows. Ginger can bloom in the tropics, with yellow-green or red flowers, which rarely bear fruit and reproduce by roots.
2. Requirements for environmental conditions
Jiang likes warm and humid environmental conditions and is not resistant to low temperature frost. Germination begins above 16℃, the suitable temperature for seedling growth is 20~25℃, the suitable temperature for stem and leaf growth is 25~28℃, and the growth stops below 15℃. The annual temperatures in Mudu, Zhuangke, Anahei and other village committees are basically above 15℃, and the lowest hot valley area is very suitable for the growth of ginger, and the yield is also relatively high.
Ginger prefers weak light to strong light. Leaves wither easily under strong light. There is an agricultural proverb called "ginger basking in the sword (new leaves) equals death". The requirement of sunshine length is not strict.
Ginger likes the slightly acidic soil which is fertile and loose, rich in organic matter and convenient for irrigation and drainage. Strict requirements for water, neither drought nor humidity tolerance, drought will cause stem and leaf withering, poor growth, high temperature and high humidity, poor drainage and easy to cause disease. For the demand of three elements, potassium is the most, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus is the least.
3. Types and varieties
The rhizome nodes of ginger are many and dense, and there are many ginger pieces, which are arranged in two or more layers. The representative varieties are Guangdong Miren fine meat ginger, Yuxi turmeric in our province and Xichou fine ginger. In addition, according to the skin color of ginger, it can be divided into white ginger, purple ginger, green ginger (also known as water ginger) and turmeric. Dioscorea longqing has medium growth and many branches, belonging to close planting type.
4. Steps/Methods
Strictly choose land and avoid continuous cropping: choose sandy loam, loam and clay loam with fertile soil, deep soil layer, good air permeability, rich organic matter and strong water and fertility conservation. The site is required to be slightly higher in terrain, convenient for irrigation and drainage, and not easy to accumulate water. Ginger is not suitable for continuous cropping, but should be rotated with rice, cruciferous and leguminous crops for 3-4 years.
5. Selection of ginger species to promote early growth: Choose old ginger with full ginger pieces, bright color, fresh and tender meat, hard texture, 65,438+0-2 strong buds, 50-75g weight and no disease as the planting ginger. Soak ginger in 500 times solution of 50% carbendazim for disinfection before sowing. After disinfection, ginger should be aired for 2-3 days. When the surface of ginger is shiny, it can be piled up and covered with straw to keep warm and germinate. It is required to keep wet and control the temperature at 20-25℃. When the ginger buds grow to 1cm, they can be planted.
6. Sow at the right time and plant at a reasonable density: good irrigation conditions, high temperature, no germination, sowing in the wake of the season; Without irrigation conditions and low temperature, it is necessary to accelerate germination, and sow in Tomb-Sweeping Day or Grain Rain season. The sowing row spacing is 35-40 cm, the plant spacing is 26-30 cm, the ditch depth is 10-20 cm, and the seeds used per mu are about 500 kg. Use/kloc-0.5 kg urea and 25 kg compound fertilizer as seed fertilizer per mu, and put the fertilizer into the ditch and mix it evenly with the soil. Before sowing, pour the bottom water about 1 hour to make the soil moist. Put the ginger slices horizontally in the ditch, keep the buds in the same direction, gently press them into the mud with your hands, and cover them with fine soil about 5 cm.
7. Apply base fertilizer and topdressing scientifically: Ginger has a long growth period, so the principle of applying base fertilizer and topdressing for many times should be adopted. When preparing soil, 3000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer and 25 kilograms of potassium fertilizer are used as base fertilizer per mu. When the seedling height is about 30 cm and there are 1-2 branches, topdressing 1 time, applying 20 kg of urea per mu, or watering the seedlings with clear manure water; Before and after beginning of autumn, 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer and 25 kilograms of potassium sulfate were applied to each mu, which were applied in the ditch about 15 cm away from the plant base and covered with soil for irrigation; When the underground rhizome swells, apply urea 10- 15 kg and potassium sulfate 15-20 kg per mu.
8. Shading and cooling to promote growth: Ginger is a shade-loving plant, which is not resistant to high temperature and strong light. It should be shaded to promote growth in summer. There are many ways to shade, such as building a shed to shade, or intercropping with corn, a tall crop.
9. Prevent drought and waterlogging, and cultivate the soil in time: Ginger is neither drought-tolerant nor waterlogging-tolerant, and has strict requirements on water. It is wise to keep the soil moist during the growing period. During the high temperature in summer, it is best to water it in time, especially in the morning and evening. In rainy days, the accumulated water in the field should be removed in time to reduce the occurrence of ginger plague. In order to prevent the roots from sticking out of the ground, the epidermis from thickening and the quality from getting worse, it is necessary to cultivate the soil. Generally, it is combined with watering and fertilization for 2-3 times, about 3 cm each time.
10. Stem and vine management:
(1), erect: When the stem of Dioscorea zingiberensis is 30cm long after emergence, it should be erected as soon as possible, and bamboo and wooden sticks prepared in advance with the length of 1.5- 1.8m and the finger thickness should be inserted into the outer edge of the ditch, one by one, and each of the four upper ends should be tied into a bundle to form a ".
(2) Topping: When the main stem and vines grow to a certain height (1.4- 1.5m) and reach the top of the frame or the length of the lateral branches is 20-30cm, the heads of the main stem and lateral branches should be topped in time to control the vegetative growth; Buds should be removed in time when they bloom, usually once every 10 day to reduce nutrient consumption and promote nutrient transfer and accumulation to underground rhizomes.
Do a good job in pest control: diseases mainly include rot and spot disease. Rot disease generally begins in July and peaks in August-September. When the diseased plants are found, they should be pulled out in time, the soil with germs should be dug out, lime should be sprinkled in the diseased holes, and clean sterile soil should be used for landfill. Spraying 50% chlorothalonil solution 800 times at the initial stage of onset, every 7 ~ 10 days/time. The main pests are ginger moth and ginger maggot, and trichlorfon or phoxim is sprayed on the leaves for control.
1 1. Harvest:
The rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberensis is usually harvested after the plants wither completely in autumn and winter, and the best harvesting period is from the end of 165438+ 10 to the middle of February of 65438+. Rhizome propagation and cultivation are generally dug once every 2-3 years, with high yield. If necessary, it can also be cultivated and excavated in the same year.
12. Preventive measures
Before sowing, carefully select ginger seeds and remove moldy, rotten and withered ginger slices. It is better to choose 50 ~ 100g ginger with 1~2 strong buds for planting ginger. Large Jiang Ye can be planted, but the amount of seeds is large and the cost is high. It can be cut with a knife or opened by hand, but the wound should be disinfected with plant ash or lime before sowing. Before sowing, it is best to soak the seeds with chemicals to accelerate germination. Methods The planted ginger was aired for 65,438+0 ~ 2 days, and then soaked in 65,438+0:1:65,438+020 Bordeaux solution for 65,438+00 minutes. Then, after the ginger is taken out, it is stacked layer by layer with wet sand, covered with a film with a thickness of about 30~40 cm and kept at a temperature of 20 ~ 30. The amount of seeds used per mu is 300~500 kg.