Farms shall conform to the planning of beach culture in waters formulated by the local fishery administrative department. The construction of aquaculture ponds should scientifically and reasonably determine the size, form and scale of aquaculture ponds according to different breeding varieties, models and conditions.
In terms of water inlet and drainage channels, it is required that the water inlet and drainage channels should be as far away as possible, and the water inlet and drainage channels should be set separately. New farms should not be located near the water inlets or drains of existing farms. ?
Step 2: Dig mud
Before breeding, remove the dirt and sundries in the breeding pond with seawater, and maintain the pond and water inlet and outlet channels. When choosing a cement pond as a breeding pond, it must be scrubbed repeatedly. When choosing a pond as a breeding pond, it is necessary to dredge and expose the place with thick sediments to promote the decomposition of organic matter. Found dead individuals should be moved to land as soon as possible, centralized destruction. ?
3, sediment adjustment
After all dredging, remove the diseased intermediate hosts and harmful organisms that are not conducive to sea cucumber culture, and regularly use quicklime and bleaching powder to disinfect the culture pond and inlet and outlet canals. First, inject 10-20cm clear water, and pour it into the culture pond after the medicine is dissolved. The cement pool should be washed several times with the pool water dissolved with disinfectant, and then washed twice with sand filter water or clean water.
The pond can be soaked in water with disinfectant for a period of time, and replaced with sand filter water or clear water a few days before seedling release. Aquaculture water must be imported from pollution-free areas, properly treated before and after use, and regularly tested for water quality. At the same time, the sediment conditions should meet the national standards.
Step 4 apply fertilizer
After fully absorbing water, pay attention to fertilizer and water, and re-cultivate beneficial biological communities. Put in proper amount of photosynthetic bacteria and beneficial strains to improve the speed and effect of fertilization in aquaculture ponds. The effect of fertilization and the time required may vary depending on the local breeding environment, objects and fertilization methods.
Generally, when the water temperature is lower than 20℃, the fertilizer and water need 15-30 days; When the water temperature is above 20℃, it takes at least 8 days to supply water and fertilize. In order to strengthen the management of aquaculture process and strengthen the procedures of cleaning, disinfection and fertilization in aquaculture ponds, the following records should be kept: cleaning records, disinfection records, fertilization records, etc. These relevant documents and records shall be kept for more than 2 years.
5. Selection of Ginseng Seeds
The freshness of seed ginseng is more than 300g, and it is best to choose individuals with strong vitality, good gonads and no damage for breeding above 350g g?
6. Temporary cultivation of ginseng seeds
After the seeds are put into the pond, a temporary incubation period of 3- 10d is generally needed. If the temporary rearing time is short, the water can be completely changed twice a day without feeding, and the bottom can be thoroughly cleaned every night when the water is changed 1 time. If long-term temporary feeding is needed, it should be properly fed, but the water temperature should be kept below 20℃ when feeding, otherwise it will seriously affect the feeding of seed ginseng.
In addition, dark plastic sheets should be used for shading, and at the same time, attention should be paid to picking out individuals with dirty secretions and ulcerated epidermis in time. The temporary rearing density should be controlled within the range of 10-20 heads /m3, with a standard of no more than 30 heads /m3. Do a bottom suction check every morning to see if there are any eggs. If only a few eggs are laid, they can be discarded.
7, artificial oxytocin technology
Stimulation methods used to induce spawning include drying in the shade, heating, water flow, etc. Incubate for 5-7 days and induce labor after 7 pm. Observe the spawning process continuously and pay attention to records. When the sea water in the pond is drained, let the female ginseng dry in the shade for about 40-60 minutes, then impact with seawater for 30-45 minutes, and then inject filtered fresh seawater, so that the female ginseng can generally lay eggs on the same day or the next day.
Before laying eggs, the female ginseng is slowly put into a specific spawning box for fertilization. During the period, artificial semen was properly added, and the culture water was stirred irregularly, and the density of eggs taken was controlled at 80 grains/ml.
Take out the female ginseng as soon as possible after fertilization, wash the eggs with filtered seawater for 2-3min each time, and wash off the excess sperm and dirt until the pool water becomes clear. After ovulation, it needs to be temporarily raised for 3-5 days, waiting for the female ginseng to lay eggs naturally. During the foster period, parents will lay eggs many times.
8. Fertilization and incubation
Usually, farmers will use mixed fertilization for large-scale seedling production. The hatching temperature of fertilized eggs is about 20-22℃, and the hatching density is lower than 10 eggs /mL, preferably 6-8 eggs /mL. If it exceeds 10 /mL, it needs to be divided into pools before hatching.
During the incubation period, stir the pond water 1 time up and down with a stirring rake every 0.5h Pay special attention to the fact that there is no dead angle when turning the water, and the embryos cannot be stirred only in one direction to prevent the embryos from rotating and gathering in the center of the pond. After the embryo is hatched, it is slightly inflated as needed.
9. Breeding and pond.
30-40 hours after hatching, the embryos develop to the late gastrula or early auricular larva, and most of them are concentrated on the water surface, so they should be cultivated and divided into pools in time. Microscopic examination should be carried out before breeding to observe whether the eclosion larvae are normal and strong. Breeding is carried out by towing method, and according to the number of larvae required by each breeding pond, the larvae collected by towing concentration are quantified and divided into each breeding pond. ?
10, culture of planktonic larvae
The larval culture conditions are water temperature 19-25℃, room temperature 27-30℃, salinity 2.7%-3.3%, dissolved oxygen 5-7.5 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen less than 0.5 mg/L and pH 7.8-8.3.
At the same time, the water quality should meet the requirements of NY5052-200 1 standard. During larval cultivation, only secondary sand filtration water can be used, and the water is changed and polluted 1 time every day, the water exchange rate is 30%- 100%, and the temperature difference of water exchange is less than 2℃. The larval density should be properly controlled at about 0.3- 1.0 /mL according to the actual situation.
The main food in planktonic larval stage is algae, including dinoflagellate, Dunaliella salina and Nitzschia Xiao Xue. When feeding, a variety of baits can be mixed and fed. According to the different stages of larval development, the feeding amount is adjusted.
1 1, young ginseng cultivation
In order to improve the growth rate of young ginseng, when the young ginseng grows to about 65438±0cm, artificial compound bait should be added as much as possible to help deepen the pigment in young ginseng. When the body length of juvenile ginseng reaches 2-3cm, the density should be 4000 heads /m3.
And increase oxygen filling and water exchange. At this time, we should pay attention to whether there are sick individuals, inject antibiotics in time to control the spread of the disease, and treat individuals with medicine bath if necessary.
12, daily management and monitoring
Arrange personnel to observe the changes of weather, water temperature and water quality every day, patrol cages to observe the feeding and activities of sea cucumbers, ensure that sea cucumbers are cultured in a clean and comfortable culture environment, and fill in the culture diary in time.
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