China's cash crops are widely distributed geographically, but there are obvious regional differences. The eastern part of China is the main producing area of cotton, oilseeds, sugar, tobacco leaves, tea, silkworm cocoons, hemp and fruits in China. There is also a great difference between the north and the south of China's cash crops. Rubber, coffee, cocoa, pepper, coconut, oil palm, banana, longan, litchi, pineapple and special medicinal materials are mainly planted in tropical areas; Sugarcane, tea tree, tung tree and citrus are mainly planted in subtropical areas; Cotton, apples, pears and grapes are planted in temperate regions, which are the concentrated producing areas of cotton and temperate fruits in China. The middle temperate zone is mainly planted with sugar beet, which has become the main sugar beet producing area in China.
The main cash crops in China are as follows:
Oil crops. Mainly including rape, peanuts, sesame, sunflower, flax and other five major oil crops. Since 1978, the area and yield of rape have surpassed that of peanut, which are distributed in various provinces, mainly winter rape, and most of them are produced in the Yangtze River basin. North of the Great Wall, spring rape is planted in Inner Mongolia, Northwest China and Qinghai-Tibet. Peanut is planted in all provinces except Qinghai, Tibet, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, and the output of Shandong Province accounts for more than 1/3 of the whole country. There are two main concentrated producing areas: one is Shandong, Liaodong Peninsula and the lower Yellow River plain around Bohai Sea; The second is the hilly coastal areas of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Taiwan. Sesame is mainly produced in the Red River and Nanru River basins in the middle reaches of Huaihe River, and in the middle reaches of Hanjiang River and Nanxiang River basin. Since 1978, sunflower has spread rapidly in northeast, north and northwest China, and has increasingly become one of the main oil crops in northern China. Flax is the main oil crop in Bashang, Yanbei, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu and Xinjiang north of the Great Wall.
Sugar crops. Including sugarcane and sweet lai, accounting for 60% and 40% of sugar crops respectively, but in the national sugar output, sugarcane sugar accounts for 80% and beet sugar accounts for 20%. Sugarcane is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi, southern Yunnan, Taiwan Province and south-central Sichuan Basin. Beets are mainly distributed in the north of the Great Wall, with Songnen Plain in the northeast as the largest producing area, followed by Hetao in Inner Mongolia and Manas River Basin in Xinjiang.
Tea. It is planted in the vast southern hilly areas south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains and east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Among all kinds of tea output, green hairy tea has the largest output, accounting for more than half of the total tea output, followed by red hairy tea, accounting for about 1/4 of the total tea output, and the rest are oolong tea, pressed tea and other teas. As far as tea-producing provinces are concerned, Zhejiang, Hunan, Anhui, Sichuan and Fujian are the five major tea-producing provinces in China, accounting for nearly 70% of the country's output, followed by Yunnan, Hubei, Guangdong and Jiangxi.
Tobacco leaves include flue-cured tobacco, sun-cured tobacco and air-cured tobacco, with the largest yield of flue-cured tobacco and concentrated production areas. Henan and Yunnan are both the largest production bases of flue-cured tobacco in China, accounting for 1/5 of the national output, especially Xuchang and Yuxi. Followed by Shandong, the output accounts for 1 1.28% of the country, mainly concentrated in Qingzhou, Linqu and other areas. Once again, Guizhou, Guangxi, Anhui, Hunan and other provinces.
China's cocoon production accounts for more than 40% of the world's total, of which mulberry cocoons account for 9 1. 1% and tussah cocoons account for 9.9%. Sichuan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Guangdong provinces have the largest silkworm cocoon production, accounting for 86.98% of the national silkworm cocoon production, especially in Taihu Lake basin, Jialing River basin and Pearl River Delta. Tussah cocoon is a special product in China. About 3/4 of the national output is produced in Liaoning Province, followed by Jiaodong Peninsula and western Henan.
Cannabis crops. Including jute, kenaf, hemp, flax, ramie, abutilon and so on. Among them, yellow and kenaf account for about half of the planting area of hemp crops. Jute is mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces. Kenaf mainly comes from Shandong, Henan and Hebei. Cannabis cultivation is scattered, mainly in northeast and north China provinces. Ramie is the most abundant in Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei provinces.
Fruit. Mainly apples, pears, oranges, persimmons, red dates, grapes, bananas, lychees, longan, pineapples and so on. In the total fruit output, apples account for 24.7%, pears for 17.42%, and oranges for 18.95438+0%, which are the three major fruits in China. About 54.43% of apples are produced in Shandong and Liaoning provinces, most of pears are produced in Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning and Jiangsu provinces, and citrus is mainly produced in Sichuan, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and Fujian provinces. Banana, litchi, longan and pineapple are mainly produced in Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian provinces.
Tropical crops. The rubber planting area is the largest, accounting for more than 80% of the total area of tropical crops, followed by citronella, sisal, coconut, cashew nuts, pepper, coffee, oil palm and southern medicine. It is distributed in the south of Qiong, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guangxi and Fujian provinces, especially in Hainan Island and Xishuangbanna, and is a rubber-based heat production base in China.
Medicinal materials. Including nearly ten thousand wild species, including 50-60 rare and commonly used species. Mainly ginseng, codonopsis pilosula, notoginseng, gastrodia elata, Eucommia ulmoides, angelica, astragalus, wolfberry fruit, Amomum villosum, rhubarb, coptis root, rehmannia root, notopterygium root, Ligusticum wallichii, white peony root, poria cocos, Atractylodes macrocephala, Pinellia tuber, Pogostemon, Ophiopogon japonicus and so on. Medicinal materials are almost all over the country, among which Sichuan, Gansu, Hunan, Guangdong, Hebei, Yunnan and Kyrgyzstan account for the most, accounting for 54% of the country. Especially, Sichuan is known as "Sichuan-Guangzhou medicinal materials", with more than 3,000 kinds, accounting for13 of the country's output.