Sanmenxia city is located in the west of Henan province, at the junction of Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces. It is a new city rising with the construction of Sanmenxia Water Control Project, the first dam of the Yellow River. According to legend, Dayu's water control made the axe split the mountain into three canyons, namely "Man Gate", "God Gate" and "Ghost Gate". The river is divided into three streams by ghost stones and sacred stones, as if there were three gates, hence the name Sanmenxia. The total area of Sanmenxia City is 10475 km2 (according to the Civil Affairs Manual, 2006 edition)/10309 km2, with a total population of 2,274,800 (at the end of 2005) (according to the Administrative Division Manual of Sanmenxia City). At present, 66 kinds of mineral deposits have been discovered in natural resources, accounting for 60% of the discovered minerals in Henan Province. There are 50 proven reserves, of which 3 1 species ranks among the top three in the province. It is an important precious metal, nonferrous metal and energy mineral base in the whole province and even the whole country, with a potential economic value of 270 billion yuan. Yellow (gold), white (aluminum) and black (coal) are the three dominant mineral resources in this city, with gold reserves and output ranking second in the country; With a total reserve of1.300 million tons, bauxite is recognized by experts at home and abroad as the best high-alumina refractory raw material base in China. The reserve of raw coal is 2.69 billion tons. Wentang Hot Spring in the west of Sanmenxia has a daily displacement of 6,000 tons and a water temperature of 62℃. It contains 42 kinds of trace elements beneficial to human health and has high development value. Lingbao is one of the six major apple export bases in China, with an annual output of 600 million kilograms. Lingbao jujube, Lushi auricularia auricula, Hericium erinaceus, Lentinus edodes, chestnuts, kiwifruit, Mianchi Yangshao apricot and Niuxin persimmon are all very famous in China. Lushi mountain area is also called "natural Chinese medicine library". Sanmenxia tobacco leaves are sought-after high-quality cigarette raw materials in major tobacco factories across the country, and have the reputation of "generation of clouds". Sanmenxia history and culture is located in the Yellow River valley, which is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. In the long historical process, the ancestors have thrived on this land, created brilliant history and culture with hard-working hands, and become an important part of China's vast culture. These historical cultures have had an important and far-reaching impact on the progress of history and even all aspects of today's society. Yangshao culture, Guo Wenhua, Taoism and Taoist culture originated from Laozi's Tao Te Ching are typical representatives of these many historical cultures. 192 1 year, named after Yangshao village in Mianchi county, Yangshao culture is an ancient late Neolithic culture, distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, showing the period of matriarchal clan society in China from prosperity to decline, and painted pottery with patterns on the surface is one of its important features. 196 1 on March 4th, 2008, Yangshao village site was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. By the end of 2000, more than 5,000 Yangshao cultural sites had been discovered in China, including about 200 in Sanmenxia. In 200 1 year, Yangshao village site was rated as one of the "new archaeological discoveries of China 100 in the 20th century". Guo was one of the most important countries in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which had a wide and far-reaching influence on the history and culture of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In 1950s, the archaeological team of the Central Yellow River Reservoir discovered Guo Cemetery in Shangcunling, Sanmenxia City, and conducted the first large-scale excavation. In 1990s, Henan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Sanmenxia Archaeological Team conducted the second large-scale excavation of Guo Cemetery. Among them, the tomb of M200 1 State excavated by 1990 and the tomb of M2009 Guo Zhong excavated by 199 1 were respectively rated as one of the "Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in China". 1996, Guo cemetery was announced by the State Council as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. A large number of cultural relics excavated twice are the accumulation and crystallization of thousands of years' culture in Sanmenxia area, which provides valuable material for studying the history and culture of Guo. Domestic historians and archaeologists have set off a craze for studying the culture of Guo. In 2000, the site was confirmed as the location of Guodu City, which not only traced the urban history of Sanmenxia to 3000 years ago, but also added new historical materials to the study of Guo Wenhua, reaching a climax. The Classic of Tao Te, written by Lao Zi, a famous thinker in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, in Hanguguan (in lingbao city, Sanmenxia City) in his later years, laid the foundation of Taoism in China, and its influence penetrated into all aspects of social ideology in China, becoming a valuable spiritual wealth and cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The contents of Tao Te Ching involve philosophy, economy, military affairs, health preservation, ethics, art and so on. In the early Warring States period, scholars after Laozi and Zhuangzi inherited and developed Laozi's thoughts. With the development of society, Laozi's thought was constantly enriched and perfected by later scholars, and the Taoist school was formed in the early Han Dynasty. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the formation of Taoism, Laozi was regarded as the ancestor of Taoism, and Tao Te Ching was regarded as one of the main classics of Taoism. Taoist philosophy has become one of the ideological sources of Taoism. Since the publication of Tao Te Ching, there have been many researchers. After the 1980s, there was another "Laozi craze" at home and abroad, and foreigners called Laozi's Tao Te Ching "the crystallization of oriental wisdom". In the west, besides the Bible, the translation of Tao Te Ching has the largest number and the greatest influence. In addition, Xuanyuan Huangdi, the earliest ancestor of the Chinese nation, cast a tripod in Lingbao Lingshan to worship heaven and establish political power. The founder of Buddhism sacrificed his life to seek dharma, and Kongxiang Temple was handed down as the dead incense of Buddha. The Baolun Temple Pagoda, one of the four major echoing buildings in ancient China, shows the long and splendid ancient civilization of Sanmenxia. Sanmenxia Dam, as a monument commemorating the great achievements of New China in eradicating the Yellow River flood, will go down in history. Historical allusions such as purple gas coming from the east, white horse not a horse, cold lips and teeth, returning to Zhao in perfect condition, Qin and Zhao all happened here. Historical figures such as Dayu, Zhang Yi, Liu Bang, Li Shimin, Wu Zetian, Du Fu, Han Yu, Sima Guang, Shangguan Yi and Shangguan Waner left footprints, ink marks and poems here. At present, there are 6 national key cultural relics protection units in the city, 25 at the provincial level and 2 1 at the municipal level, with a collection of more than 70,000 cultural relics. In 2002, Sanmenxia was listed as an aid project of "2 1 Century Urban Planning, Management and Development" by the United Nations Development Programme, and it is also the only city in northern China to be included in this project. From winter to the cold and snowy season in the early spring of the following year, the beautiful Sanmenxia always welcomes her common friend, the White Swan. Thousands of white swans fly freely, roam freely, swim for food and rest peacefully in the vast Ming Che and the rippling blue lake in Sanmenxia reservoir area. These holy fairy birds, flying, swimming, walking, lying and with different postures, form a touching picture scroll and become a beautiful landscape in Sanmenxia, attracting tourists from all over the world to watch it. According to the researcher's research, this group of white swans comes from Siberia. They come to Sanmenxia for the winter as scheduled every year because Sanmenxia has beautiful mountains and rivers, vast lakes, rich aquatic plants and plenty of food. Under the advocacy of the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government, the broad masses of the people have established a good awareness of ecological protection, taken effective measures to protect birds, and created a superior environment for people and birds to live in harmony. Sanmenxia is also known as "Swan City".