Oral nursing model essay 1: progress in clinical research of oral nursing medical abstract: from the history, present situation and development of oral nursing research of traditional Chinese and western medicine, the clinical research of oral nursing was summarized in detail.
The history, present situation and future development of oral nursing clinical research were comprehensively and detailedly reviewed.
Keywords Clinical research progress of oral nursing
Keywords clinical research and development of oral nursing
Oral nursing began in Tang dynasty and was put forward in medical theory books? Rinse your mouth early. If you lie down and don't rinse your mouth, you will remove the deposits between your teeth and your teeth will be strong. . For thousands of years, people have studied and observed oral diseases from different angles and aspects, and developed many drugs to treat oral diseases, which have achieved good results. The clinical research progress of oral nursing is summarized as follows.
1 oral nursing history
Oral nursing has a history of thousands of years, but the name of aphtha first appeared in Neijing, such as Su Wen * Qi Alternation. Gold is not as good as gold, but fire is ok. People's sick aphtha. ? It is believed that the onset of aphtha is related to abnormal climate. Many subsequent works have expounded the etiology, pathology and the law of dialectical nursing of aphtha. Chao of Sui Dynasty said in On the Causes and Symptoms of Mouth Ulcer. The hands are less yin, the heart is also classics, and the heart is even tongue-tied; The foot is too yin, the spleen also passes through, and the temper is connected with the mouth. The viscera is full of heat, which is multiplied by the heart and spleen, and the qi rushes to the tongue, so the tongue is sore. ? It is clearly pointed out that the cause of aphtha lies in excess heat of heart and spleen.
In the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao pointed out the characteristics and nursing methods of recurrent aphthae in Qian Jin Fang Yao * Oral Diseases, and thought that anyone suffering from aphthae and dental diseases should not eat sour, salty and greasy dried dates with oil noodles and wine sauce. Be careful after bad things. If you are not careful soon, you will find it difficult to make a bad hair. People don't know that Rose Root and Artemisia capillaris are miraculous drugs for aphtha. ? In the Song Dynasty, "Oral Ulcer Recorded by Sheng Jizong" said:? The sores on the mouth and tongue are also caused by the accumulation of heat in the heart and spleen meridians. ? 、? People with aphthous have fever in the heart and spleen, and the qi rushes to the coke, causing them to vomit their tongues and pretend to have sores. Stomach qi is weak, valley qi is less, and aphtha is caused by yang deficiency, which cannot be generalized, but should be sought after. ? It is pointed out that aphtha is real and virtual.
Zhu Danxi's Danxi Heart Method Tongue in Yuan Dynasty? Appendix? Load: sores on the mouth and tongue are all caused by excessive heat, so it is advisable to use holy soup; If aphtha can't be cured with cold medicine, because the scorched earth is insufficient, Chinese soup should be used. ? The different treatment methods of aphtha with excess syndrome and deficiency syndrome are pointed out. Zhang Jingyue expounded the treatment of aphtha. Although Gong Tingxian's exposition in Ming Dynasty was similar to Zhang Jingyue's, dialectical medication had its own characteristics. In Qing Dynasty, Zhang Lu and Luo Guogang expressed their views on aphtha [1 ~ 4]. Physicians' understanding of aphtha has been developing continuously, which has enriched the experience of treatment and nursing.
2 Modern oral nursing research
In traditional Chinese medicine, oral diseases characterized by mucosal damage of buccal palate, lips and gums are called aphtha. Symptoms of aphtha include various oral diseases in western medicine, such as recurrent aphtha, Behcet's disease, traumatic oral mucosal injury, tuberculous oral mucosal ulcer, oral ulcer related to infectious diseases, oral ulcer related to various internal diseases, oral ulcer occurring during radiotherapy and chemotherapy of malignant tumors, etc. The clinical manifestations are local burning pain, recurrent attacks and prolonged healing time. Oral disease is one of the most difficult problems for dentists, which has been paid more and more attention by scholars at home and abroad and has been listed as a research topic. The famous professor Fan Wenming and others [5] discussed the etiology, pathology, clinical manifestations, clinical classification and treatment of oral diseases.
Oral nursing technology has gradually developed from traditional medical care to an independent discipline (that is, diagnosis, treatment and nursing are undertaken by doctors alone). What was discussed in Nursing Knowledge compiled by Jilin Medical University [6]? There are many bacteria in people's mouths. When people are sick, due to low resistance, less drinking water and less diet, bacteria in the oral cavity often multiply, and the role of carbohydrate decomposition, fermentation and acid production is enhanced, which is not only easy to cause periodontal disease and mumps. It will also make the mouth stink, affect appetite and digestive function, cause oral infection and even lead to systemic infection. ? Clearly point out the importance of oral care. Tong Abbott et al. [7] put forward the purpose of oral care: to keep the oral cavity clean and moist and prevent the mucous membrane from drying and chapping; Avoid bad breath, make patients comfortable and stimulate appetite; Prevention of oral infections and complications; Observe the changes of tongue coating and oral mucosa.
Lou Xia Jing [8] not only discussed the importance of oral care, introduced the materials and usage of oral care, but also proposed conventional oral care solutions, such as aromatic mouthwash, 1: 5000 nitrofurazone solution, 3% boric acid solution, D'Aubert solution, physiological saline and 0.25% ~ 1% procaine. Jiao Jizhi and others [9] discussed oral pH and oral care. Wang Mingzhu et al. [10] discussed the anatomical basis of oral cavity, the composition of oral cavity and the matters needing attention in oral care. Du [1 1] discussed that oral health care is related to patients' physical and mental health. Oral hygiene nursing not only maintains general oral hygiene, but also needs more nursing measures for oral diseases.
3 progress in oral care
Oral care has been paid more and more attention, but the commonly used nursing drugs for aphthous patients are not ideal, with many side effects and poor treatment effect, so Chinese medicine mouthwash came into being, such as Jun Chen [12] who proposed to use Chinese medicine mouthwash to prevent aphthous; Zhu [13] discusses the treatment of recurrent aphtha with Jinpu powder gargle; Wang Yanan [14] discussed the clinical application of clove mouthwash and other similar studies. However, the above research still stays in the traditional research methods and manifestations, and so far no effective Chinese medicine mouthwash has been developed and put on the market. Kouchuangling gargle [15] is a self-made synthetic prescription based on modern pharmacological research, combined with the essence of traditional medical etiology, pathogenesis, location and pathogenic theory, and changed the traditional pill and powder dosage forms, and was strictly operated. It has been applied to 245 cases with satisfactory results.
refer to
1 Dacheng Zhou. Textual research on the history of stomatology in China. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 199 1. 143.
2 Yang Wenru, Li,. Comments on China's famous doctors. Xi 'an: Shaanxi Science and Technology Press, 1980.43.
Fang Yaozhong, Deng Tietao, Li Keguang, etc. Chinese medicine practical internal medicine. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1985.264.
4 kings. A brief history of nursing development. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1987.4.
5, Xu Weiqi, Li, etc. Recurrent aphthae. Journal of Stomatology,1986,2 (1): 41.
Jilin Medical University. Nursing knowledge. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 176+02.
7 Tong Abbott, Tao Yingdong and Guo. Nursing handbook. Jinan: Shandong Provincial People's Hospital. 1978.36
Xia Jing, eighth floor. Handbook of stomatology. Xi 'an: Shaanxi Science and Technology Press, 1986.208.
9 Jiao Jizhi and Tan. Oral pH value and oral nursing. Journal of Practical Nursing,1986,2 (6):17.
Wang Mingzhu 10. Handbook of practical nursing anatomy. Beijing: Golden Shield Publishing House, 1987.74.
Abstract: Nowadays, with the progress and development of society, people's material living standards are gradually improving. At the same time, food culture has also developed, and various food and beverage products have appeared on people's dining tables. While enjoying delicious food, people also pay attention to the maintenance of oral health. Oral care is the basic content in the operation of clinical basic nursing technology, and it is also one of the means to maintain oral hygiene and prevent diseases. Doing oral care well can improve people's quality of life, maintain and promote patients' health and improve the quality of basic nursing.
Key words: dental cavity nursing; Concept; condition
1 oral care concept
The mouth is the starting point of the digestive tract, and the front end of the mouth communicates with the outside world through the cleft lip and mouth, and then continues with the throat through the pharyngeal gorge. There are a lot of pathogenic bacteria and normal bacteria in human mouth. When the body's defense function declines, pathogenic bacteria in the mouth multiply in large numbers, leading to oral diseases or lower respiratory diseases. To prevent this? Is the disease from the mouth? Phenomenon, some appropriate oral care measures are very worth promoting. Oral care refers to the use of corresponding oral care instruments combined with certain technical methods to achieve the purpose of comfortable oral cavity, clean oral cavity, remove oral bacteria, prevent oral inflammation and prevent aspiration pneumonia [1].
2 the impact of oral care on human health
Oral care affects people's health, mainly in the following three aspects: First, oral hygiene is very important for the intake and absorption of nutrients. Teeth and their surrounding tissues have been proved to help maintain proper nutritional status, thus helping to maintain overall health [2]. Studies have shown that people without teeth have defects in eating vegetables, cellulose and carotene, but they can eat more cholesterol, saturated fatty acids and calories [3]. Secondly, periodontal tissue is a hotbed for carriers of bacteria and other infectious diseases. These virus carriers can induce cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases through blood transmission [4].
Finally, oral health also affects normal social interaction. People with oral diseases may have some obstacles in communicating with others, such as bad breath or bleeding gums caused by some patients' lack of necessary oral care. Therefore, when talking with others, patients will hesitate and even refuse to talk with others [5]. To sum up, good oral hygiene has a positive impact on maintaining human health and social health, and good oral care can improve people's quality of life [6].
3 the concept of modern oral care
Nowadays, people pay more and more attention to oral health problems and put forward? Oral health? what's up Quality of life? An inseparable part shows the importance of oral care in daily life. Oral health and physical health are independent and interrelated, and oral health affects the whole body health through biology, psychology and development. With the continuous development of nursing, people's requirements for oral care have gradually improved, and it is not limited to simple oral cleaning at present. Oral health care has developed from the simple prevention of oral diseases to the scientific and technical level of maintaining and promoting health and improving the quality of life of patients [7,8].
First of all, in the process of oral care, people should not only pay attention to the effect of oral care, but also pay attention to the comfort of oral care. Comfort is not only a concern for patients, but also a basic requirement for patients. When nursing patients, it is the requirement of the whole nursing process to pay attention to their feelings. Zheng Ling [9] analyzed the present situation of oral care from the viewpoint of holistic nursing, and pointed out that in oral care operation, we should pay attention to comfort, that is, taste, visual and psychological comfort.
In addition, we should pay attention to the role orientation of patients in the process of oral care. Orem self-care model emphasizes the importance of patient self-care in nursing. Traditional oral care methods have some limitations, and patients have defects in self-care. At this time, not only the assistance of medical staff is needed, but also the initiative of patients is needed. It is necessary to improve the self-care ability of patients and enhance their self-confidence [10]. Therefore, patients should be fully understood and evaluated before oral care. Besides observing their oral conditions, it is also necessary to ask patients about their oral health care knowledge and self-care level, so as to give guidance and help to patients' oral care deficiencies and promote the improvement of patients' self-care ability [1 1].
Oral care needs to formulate corresponding oral care measures and guiding principles according to patients' conditions, select appropriate instruments and drugs for patients, and learn and use evidence-based thinking to guide medical workers' practice in scientific research and oral care for patients. Ross A et al. [12] established the evaluation criteria before oral care according to the evidence of evidence-based medicine during oral care training, evaluated the lips, tongue, oral mucosa, teeth and saliva of patients, and formulated oral care measures suitable for patients according to the scores. Therefore, targeted selection and adjustment of oral care methods is conducive to improving the quality of the whole oral care process.
Four basic steps of oral care
First of all, before oral care, we should fully understand the patient's oral cavity and general situation, such as the looseness and occlusion of teeth, the presence of dental caries and dentures, the cleanliness of teeth and oral cavity, the health of gums, the presence of ulcers and erosion of oral mucosa, the elasticity and color of tongue, etc. Secondly, observe what patients can and can't do, such as brushing their teeth and gargling, to judge their degree of self-care; Thirdly, follow the patient's requirements and choose the position where the patient feels comfortable and not tired for the next nursing measures; Then, combining the advantages and disadvantages of various oral care methods, choose the appropriate combination to carry out oral care for patients; Finally, at the end of oral care, tell the patient that the oral cavity is clean, and tell the patient the problems that should be paid attention to after oral care and in daily life, and then sort out the instruments and articles used and make records [13].
In addition, in the process of oral care, we should pay attention to several aspects: first, explain the purpose and process of this step to patients before operation, whether there is pain and the degree of pain, so that patients can be prepared, try to gain the trust of patients, and operate patiently, carefully and quickly to minimize the discomfort of patients. Second, in the implementation process, we should not only carefully observe the patient's oral state, but also pay attention to the patient's facial expression. If you find that the patient's complexion has changed, you should ask in time to understand the patient's feelings and make appropriate adjustments. Third, after the implementation, we should carefully observe the oral cavity, carefully observe whether there is any change in the oral state after nursing, check whether there is any abnormality in the oral cavity, and observe the nursing effect.
Five basic methods of oral care
5. 1 gargle method
This method is simple and easy to operate, and it is practical for patients. The specific implementation method is as follows. The patient repeatedly stirs his tongue up and down, left and right, back and forth, so that the liquid medicine stays in his mouth for 3-5 minutes, and gargles every 1-2 hours, especially in the morning, 30 minutes after meals and before going to bed. This method can improve the acidic environment of oral cavity, effectively remove residues and secretions and reduce dental plaque, which is the best choice for patients to keep their oral cavity clean and prevent oral infection [14]. 5.2 Flushing method
At present, this method is a widely used oral care method with good clinical effect. Some patients have serious oral injuries, such as splints, steel wires and other fixtures in the mouth, or other reasons lead to limited mouth opening. For the above phenomenon, Qi Huiping [15] proposed the injection negative pressure suction method, and the operation is as follows. The left hand of the medical staff slowly injects mouthwash into the patient's mouth with a syringe, and the right hand sucks the catheter with negative pressure. The injection and aspiration steps are synchronized until the mouth is completely rinsed. This method is simple to operate and the oral cavity is thoroughly cleaned, which is suitable for patients with severe oral cavity injury or limited mouth opening.
5.3 oral wiping method
It has been reported that gargling can only temporarily reduce the number of free bacteria when cleaning the mouth, but it has no effect on dental plaque attached to the tooth surface, while wiping can effectively remove dental plaque [16]. Therefore, wiping is also a widely used oral care method, which is mainly suitable for patients with bleeding tendency, toothlessness, difficulty in opening their mouth, inability to gargle, disturbance of consciousness or inability to take care of themselves. The steps of gymnastics are as follows: wipe the patient's teeth one by one from the outside to the inside with gauze or cotton swab soaked in mouthwash, as well as the occlusal surface and inner side of the teeth. During wiping, the gums should be massaged, and the joint between teeth and neck is easy to leave residue. Wipe repeatedly with a small cotton swab, and pay attention to the scrubbing of cheeks, sublingual and palate [17].
To sum up, with the continuous progress of modern medical technology, oral nursing has made great achievements in clinic. This paper simply expounds the concept, steps and methods of oral care. In recent years, the study of oral nursing has paid more attention to the individualization and diversification of operation methods. In fact, in China, the research on oral care is still very limited, and the nursing methods are relatively simple. The development of oral nursing urgently needs a lot of research support. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out oral care intervention and randomized controlled experiments in China at present, and it is the direction for people to make oral care methods suitable for different patients in the future.
refer to
[1] Ji Huimin, Fang Chenggen. Advances in theoretical research and practice of oral nursing [J]. Foreign Medicine: Nursing, 2002,21(10): 453-455.
[2]Saunders M L J, Stattmiller S P, Kirk M. Oral health problems in the nutrition of hospitalized elderly people [J]. Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly, 2008,26 (3-4): 39-58.
[3]Joshipura K J, Willett W C, Douglas C W. Effects of tooth loss on food and nutrient intake [J]. Journal of American Dental Association, 1996, 127(4): 459-467.
[4] Clemens D A, Kerr R. Improving women's oral health: nurses' call to action [J].MCN: American Journal of Maternal and Child Care, 2008,33 (1):14.
Jun Y M, Shin D S. Oral health, nutrition and oral health-related quality of life of the elderly in Korea [J]. Journal of Geriatric Nursing, 2008,34 (10): 28-35.
[6]Bailey R, Gueldner S, Ledikwe J, et al., Oral Health of the Elderly: An Interdisciplinary Task. Journal of Geriatric Care, 2005, 3 1(7),1-17.
Liu Min, Sun Boying. Study on electric toothbrush combined with electrolyzed oxidizing water to prevent infection in patients with oral intubation [J]. China Practical Nursing, 2005,21(7): 6-9.
[8] Nong Xiao Qun. New progress in oral nursing research [J]. Nursing practice and research, 20 10/0,7 (8): 98-100.
[9] Zheng Ling. Guiding oral nursing with evidence-based thinking [J]. China Practical Nursing, 2007,23 (2): 32-33.
[10] Jiang Weiya, Zhu Chunyan, Hu Fen. Applying Orem's self-care theory to guide the self-care of patients with skull traction [J]. Nursing Research: Early Edition, 2007,21(2): 349-349.
Articles related to oral nursing papers and model essays:
1.
2. Dental nursing papers
3. Talking about the model essay of nursing education
4. Publication of nursing research papers
5. Model essay on nursing graduation thesis of hospital nurses
6. Orthopedic nursing model.