First, actively maintain health. In the Taoist theory of health preservation, the idea of active disease prevention runs through. "Laozi Chapter 71" says: "A saint is not sick because of his illness; My husband is just sick, so he is not sick. " Dialectically explained the relationship between "sick" and "not sick". What he said about preventing diseases and "getting sick" is an idea of nip in the bud and be prepared for danger in times of peace. Laozi said, "Easy to hold, easy to seek for impurity, easy to mix crisp, and easy to disperse slightly. For it, it is not chaotic. " Many disease names and prevention methods can also be seen in Zhuangzi. For example, the article "Zhuangzi Thief Dance" clearly puts forward that "self-moxibustion without illness" can prolong life, which is to take certain measures to actively prevent diseases.
Second, yin and yang are harmonious. "Harmony" is an ancient philosophical concept, which refers to the coordination and unity of the relatively stable diversity of things' existence and development. Taoism puts "harmony" at the height of ontology, and "harmony" produces new things and makes things develop. Chapter 42 of the Tao Te Ching says: "The Tao gives birth to one, two, three and all things. Everything is negative and holds yang, thinking that it is harmonious. " Laozi expressed the opposition, mutual root and balance of Yin and Yang in one sentence, pointing out that everything in heaven and earth should achieve a harmonious balance, and so should the human body. "Conditioning at four o'clock, Taihe everything." Taoism believes that harmony is the first principle of the existence, development and change of all things in the universe. Zhuangzi thinks that the yin and yang of heaven and earth are "harmonious but different", while Huainanzi says: "The qi of heaven and earth is greater than harmony, and the sum of yin and yang is divided into living things." Taoism expounded the health-preserving concept of "harmony" from the aspects of diet, daily life, rest, evil desire, exercise and emotion, which also established the lofty position of "harmony" in China culture.
Third, form and spirit should be developed simultaneously. Nourishing the spirit is the highest realm of cultivation in Taoist health-keeping thought, and Taoism emphasizes quietness to nourish the heart. For example, the sixth chapter of the Tao Te Ching says, "Be empty, be quiet" and "Be quiet, it is a manic king". Neijing also advocates that "quietness conceals the spirit, and urgency is absolute"; If you want to prolong your life, your mind should be quiet and undisturbed. The quietness of Taoism means not only not exercising, but keeping quiet and saving your energy to achieve the goal of immortality. Taoist health preserving techniques, such as guiding and breathing, are all exercises. On the basis of physical exercise, it emphasizes quietness to nourish the heart, which is a scientific and dialectical concept of health preservation. In fact, it is to emphasize that the mind should be quiet, the body should move, the movement should be healthy, the quietness should be nourishing, and the combination of motion and static should be appropriate. That is, spiritual cultivation is based on physical cultivation, which advocates the cultivation of form and spirit.
Fourth, I am indifferent. Taoism is still "governing by doing nothing", and only advocates conforming to nature, not advocating "recklessness" against the laws of nature. Taoism believes that "Tao always does nothing and does everything", so it advocates "taking it easy is the best". We can understand that everything that conforms to the Tao, that is, to the laws of nature, belongs to "inaction", and everything that does nothing can be done and can be successful. This is the so-called "nothing to do". From this perspective, his "inaction" is not negative, on the contrary, it is very positive to understand it in a sense. At the same time, Taoism advocates "to be empty and quiet." Only by being "empty" and "quiet" can we resist all kinds of temptations and maintain the true colors of everything. This view of "quietness" and "quietness" has a far-reaching influence on the theory of health care in Huangdi Neijing.
Fifth, attach importance to Xiu De. The fifty-first chapter of Tao Te Ching says: "Moral education, material form and environmental success. It is because everything respects Tao and is virtuous. " Virtue is the use of Tao, Tao is the body of virtue, and Tao is transformed into the world because of virtue. The natural law of the universe is Tao, and it is virtue to express the law of the universe with tangible things. Man's virtue comes from Tao, and kindness and kindness are closest to Tao. Therefore, Chapter 79 of the Tao Te Ching says, "Heaven has no relatives, and always works with good people." If people want to live a long life, they must be kind and do good; However, if the heart is poisonous and evil, it will stay away from the "heaven", which will shorten life and years. "Bao Puzi's theory of health preservation" also said: "Cheating is sad, and fighting is depressed; If you despise others, you will reduce your calculations, and if you kill something, you will get hurt. Doing a good deed makes the soul happy, and doing a bad deed makes the soul happy. If you often pretend to be generous and have strong self-control, you will keep a quiet face and disaster will not happen ... The principle of health preservation is here. " Therefore, people should be kind to things, be kind to others, and be close to the Tao in order to achieve the goal of health and longevity.