This is the most reliable indicator of cow health. Under normal circumstances, as long as cows are sick, their appetite will be affected at first. It is very important to check the feeding trough for leftovers in the morning for early detection of diseases. In addition, rumination can well reflect the health status of cattle. Healthy cows ruminate for about 8 hours every day, especially at night.

(2) Body temperature

The normal body temperature of adult cattle is 38 ~ 39℃, and that of calves is 38.5 ~ 39.8℃.

(3) Breathing

Adult cows breathe 15 ~ 35 times per minute, and calves breathe 20 ~ 50 times.

(4) Pulse

The pulse rate of adult cattle is 60-80 times per minute, that of young cattle is 70-90 times, and that of calves is 90- 1 10 times.

(5) Excretion

Normal cattle excrete 10 ~ 15 times a day and urinate 8 ~ 10 times a day. The hardness of healthy cattle's feces is suitable, and the cow dung is one section, but the fat cow dung is slightly soft, and the excretion times are generally a little more. Urine is generally transparent and slightly yellow.