Production and life: tailored to individual needs.
The theory of physique in Neijing is the theoretical basis for the formation of the therapeutic thought of "different from person to person" Neijing holds that physique is a physiological and psychological feature, and its formation is related to the functions of zang-fu organs, meridians and essence. Due to the differences in age, gender, social factors and mental state, individual constitutions are different. Su Wen's On Ancient Innocence records that women are seven years old and men are eight years old. This paper discusses the physiological characteristics and physique of each age group and points out the differences between men and women in growth and development. "Lingshu Tiannian" also describes the aging process of people at the age of ten, such as "at the age of forty ....., the reason is that they are sparse, prosperous and declining, their hair is quite gray, they don't shake, and they are easy to sit; At the age of 50, liver qi began to decline, liver lobes began to thin, bile began to decrease, and eyes began to be unclear; At the age of 60, the heart began to decline. If you are sad, your blood is lazy, so you can lie down. Seventy years old, grumpy, dry skin; Eighty-year-old, lung qi failure, qi elimination, so there are good and wrong words; Ninety-year-old, kidney qi is scorched, and four viscera meridians are empty; At the age of 100, all the five internal organs are empty, the spirit is gone, and the bones live alone. " In Su Wen Shu Wu Guo Lun, those who have experienced rapid changes such as poverty, bitterness and happiness are "healthy and empty" and "exhausted and ruined." "Soul Pivot Ben Zang" says: "If you are willing to be harmonious, your spirit will be straight, your soul will not go away, you can't regret it, and your five internal organs will not be harmed." If you are suddenly traumatized, it will definitely affect the functions of zang-fu organs and meridians, and the long-term existence of spirit will further cause physical changes. "Su Wen's Theory of Pain" says: "Anger leads to qi stagnation, joy leads to qi stagnation, sadness leads to qi dispersion, fear leads to qi depression, ... shock leads to qi disorder ... thinking leads to qi stagnation. The concept of syndrome differentiation comes from the difference of physique, thus forming the individualized diagnosis and treatment ideas and methods of traditional Chinese medicine.
suit measures to local conditions
China has long recognized that the geographical environment can affect the human body. For example, the book "Eighty Monuments to the Core of Life" written during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period said: "Those who build soil are fat, those who empty soil are big, those who fine sand are beautiful, and those who consume soil are ugly. It is believed that people's physique varies with the soil quality, including fat, big and thin, beautiful and ugly. " Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals says: "Light water is too bald and embarrassing", "heavy water is too embarrassing", "sweet water is too good and beautiful", "fresh water is too gangrenous and embarrassing" and "bitter water is too embarrassing. "Guanzi Shuidi" also has a cloud: "The husband and water are in harmony, and the Tao is dry and complex, and his people are greedy and brave; The water of Chu is weak and clear, so its people despise thieves; The more water there is, the turbidity is heavy and heavy, so people are stupid and dirty; The water in the Qin Dynasty was stagnant, so its people were insatiable, but they did good deeds. It has been suggested that regional differences will lead to frequently-occurring diseases in this area. As for the reasons, the ancients thought that the characteristics of pathogenic factors were different due to different regions, just as Su Wen said in the theory of Yin and Yang that "there is wind in the east, heat in the south, dryness in the west, cold in the north and dampness in the middle". Moreover, the ancients further pointed out that different geographical differences and different physical characteristics of residents will directly affect people's life span, as Su Wen said in the theory of Wuchang Institute of Political Science: "* * * offers his life span, while Yang Jing reduces his life span", "The highest one lives, and the lower one dies. 」
Do what is appropriate for the occasion
Neijing holds that people live in nature, and some regular changes in nature, such as alternation of day and night, alternation of cold and summer, and seasonal changes, directly affect the human body, leading to rhythm changes. For example, Su Wen's theory of essence pulse says, "Everything is outside Liuhe, and the change of heaven and earth is the response of yin and yang, while spring is warm and summer is hot." It shows that the changes of yin and yang in the four seasons make the human body produce corresponding rhythms, which are manifested as pulse conditions of spring gauge, summer moment, autumn balance and winter force. "Su Wenjin Kui Yan Zhen" also said: "From Pingdan to Japan and China, the sun in the sky is also the sun in the sun; From day to dusk, the sun in the sky, the yin in the sun; At night, chickens crow, the yin of the sky, the yin in the yin; The cock crows to the level, the yin in the sky and the yang in the yin. Old friends should also respond. It shows that there is a law of day and night fluctuation of yin and yang on the earth, so people should also have the rhythm change of day and night sleep. Because the change of Yin and Yang in the four seasons is the basis of the growth and collection of all things, the time rhythm of human life activities must conform to the laws of nature, so the ups and downs of viscera and meridians, qi and blood, and Yin and Yang are also rhythmic.
From the above, it is not difficult to see that the idea of "three factors are suitable" is the result of long-term medical practice of the ancients and the result of long-term observation and overall concept guidance of the ancients in China.
Content: tailored to individual needs.
The same disease invades the human body, and people with different constitutions have different onset or not. Su Wen's theory of meridian differentiation holds that when individuals with different constitutions encounter night fatigue, fall panic, servants crossing the hydraulic gap, etc., "the brave will be full of energy, and the fearful will get sick." It shows that the onset depends on physical strength, psychological quality and other factors. The Five Changes of Lingshu further compares the relationship between people's physique and diseases with that of craftsmen's logging, and holds that different constitutions are the root cause of "the same diseases and different diseases". "Between people and trees, the firmness is not firm, the rigidity is just, the brittleness is easy to hurt, the wood is different, and the skin is thick and juicy." Not only that, different constitutions and diseased parts are also different, such as a cloud: "The injury of wood also hurts its branches. The branches are just brittle and strong, and they are not hurt. People have common diseases, but also because the joint skin is not firm, abandon evil and be good, so they often get sick. And what kind of diseases appear after feeling evil spirits is also determined by the constitution. For example, Ling Shu Wu Bian said, "If the meat is not firm, it is good for the wind", "If the five internal organs are weak, it is good for the disease to disappear", "If the bones are weak, it is good for the cold and heat" and "If the meat is not firm, it is good for the disease. The accumulation stopped, but the big party started. Su Wen Bi Lun also mentioned that Bi syndrome is caused by the same feeling of wind, cold and dampness, and the constitution of "less yang and more yin" is characterized by cold limbs and severe pain; The constitution of "more yang and less yin" is characterized by joint swelling and pain, fever, dry mouth and red tongue. It is precisely because people's different constitutions lead to different diseases and syndromes, so the treatment methods are different.
suit measures to local conditions
Neijing discusses in detail the influence of different regions, topography and geography on human physiology and pathology, which provides a theoretical basis for local treatment. As Zhang Zhicong said, "There are similarities and differences in the methods of treating diseases. The people of the five parties have their own needs for food, clothing, housing, transportation, illness and treatment. " Based on the different constitutions of people with different eating habits in eastern, southern, western, northern and central regions of China, Su Wenyi's Prescriptions proposed that treatment should be tailored to local conditions and vary from person to person. Therefore, different treatment methods are summarized, such as Bian Shi, moxibustion needle, poison, moxibustion ruo, guidance, etc. Each method has its own suitable conditions. People's eating habits are different in different regions and different products. The difference of eating habits in different regions is the cause of local frequently-occurring diseases. If you eat a certain food for a long time, it will often lead to different functional disorders and different lesions. For example, "On Su Wenyi's Law and Prescription" said, "In the east ... its people eat fish and it is salty ... so its people are black and careless, and its diseases are carbuncle. People living in the east eat more fish, prefer salty taste, accumulate more heat among residents, and are prone to sores. "Westerners ... their people live in windy tombs, and the soil and water are abundant. Their people are recommended to wear brown without clothes, and their people eat fat, so evil can't hurt them, and their diseases are born inside. People who live in the west eat crispy cream and meat and are strong. Most of their illnesses are caused by improper diet and internal injuries of seven emotions. " Northerners ... their folk music is wild and wet behind the ears, and the dirty cold is full of diseases. People living in the north eat more milk and so on. Due to the cold climate, the human body is dirty and cold, and there are diseases such as fullness. "Southerners ... their people are acidophilic and sweet, so their people are all rational red, and their diseases are cramps. People living in the south eat more sour or fermented things, and their diseases are mostly muscle cramps and muscle pain. " The central people ... are not tired of eating omnivores, so their illnesses are soft, cold and hot. Living in the central region, people have diverse foods and less labor, and most of the diseases are paralysis, syncope, cold and heat. It is precisely because of the application of the idea of adapting to local conditions that many schools with different regions have gradually formed in China, such as Lingnan and Xin 'an Medical College.
Do what is appropriate for the occasion
Under the influence of the rhythm of the ebb and flow of Yin and Yang in the natural seasons, diseases are prone to fever due to prolonged sunshine in spring and summer, and colds due to Long Yin in autumn and winter. In order to prevent the change of cold and heat and ensure the curative effect of medication, Liu's "Jacky's Collection" said, "Cold is far from cold, cold is far from cold, warm is far from temperature, and heat is far from heat. Eat with the same method." False is abnormal, and sick is so-called time. Therefore, there is no loss of faith, no rebellion, no victory with wings, and no praise for its recovery. This is the ultimate law. That is to say, warm products should be used in autumn and winter when yin is strong, or too much cold medicine should be avoided when using cold medicine to treat diseases; When the yang is strong in spring and summer, cold products should be used, or when hot drugs are used to treat diseases, attention should be paid to avoiding using too much hot drugs.
"No adverse qi should be suitable" is consistent with the spirit of "time should not be violated" in Su Wen's theory of Wuchang University of Political Science, that is, six qi should not be violated, and acupuncture, medicine and diet should follow the treatment principle of adapting to the time. Seasonal treatment can be understood from the following three aspects: First, the temperature changes from warm to cold all year round, the main qi is different, and the evil of the main qi is different, resulting in different diseases, that is, the so-called four-season frequently-occurring diseases, such as wind temperature in spring, air temperature in spring, summer temperature in summer, wet temperature in summer, dry disease in autumn, typhoid fever in winter, etc. Of course, medication is different. Secondly, different seasons have different ups and downs of Yin and Yang Qi in nature, and the ups and downs of Yin and Yang Qi and blood in human body have also changed. Therefore, when taking medicine, we should avoid the cold, hot and cold seasons to prevent it from doing too much harm to people, so we should adopt different treatment methods according to different seasons. Third, different seasons have different climatic characteristics, such as spring, long summer, autumn harvest and winter storage. Whether it is health preservation or treatment, we should also consider adapting to the season itself, especially the weak. If winter disease is treated in summer, it is to quickly promote the recovery of human yang with the help of the strong yang in summer, thus treating the syndrome of yang deficiency.