The Western Han Dynasty (202 BC-8 February AD +65438) is a unified dynasty in China history after the Qin Dynasty, which lasted 12 emperor and enjoyed the country for 2 10 years, also known as the former Han Dynasty.

At the end of Qin dynasty, the world rose. After the battle between Chu and Han, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu. In 202 BC, Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor in Dingtao, Shandong Province, with the title of Han and Luoyang as his capital. In the same year, he moved the capital to Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi).

The Western Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system in many systems. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the national policy of less taxes and relaxation was implemented, the social economy recovered rapidly, and agriculture, handicrafts and commerce flourished unprecedentedly, which was called the rule of Wenjing in history. ?

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he carried out the system of promotion, China-Korea, secretariat of history and salt and iron official camp. Strengthen centralization, and admire the Confucian thought of unification.

Externally, it has opened up a vast territory with Korea in the east, Vietnam in the south, Qingling in the west and Yinshan in the north, laying the basic scope of the Han Dynasty. He also sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, which opened up the Silk Road to communicate with Eurasia, expanded foreign exchanges and created a prosperous Hanwu.

After Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, Huo Guang assisted in the administration of state affairs, followed the ethnic policy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in his later years, and restored the national strength of the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty proclaimed the Emperor, the Western Regions were formally incorporated into the territory by surrendering the Xiongnu and setting up the Western Regions' capital protection government, and the bureaucracy was reorganized internally, thus creating the rule of filial piety with strong national strength.

In 36 BC, Chen Tang killed Zhi Zhi Khan, marking the end of the Sino-Hungarian War in the Western Han Dynasty. In 8 AD, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang abolished the emperor and made Chang 'an his capital, which was called the New Dynasty in history and the Western Han Dynasty perished.

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Historical events in the Western Han Dynasty;

1, Seven-Country Rebellion

The Seven Kingdoms Rebellion was a vassal rebellion that took place during the reign of Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty in China. After Han Jing ascended the throne, Chao Cuo, an adviser to the imperial court, proposed to weaken the power of the vassals and strengthen centralization.

In the third year of Jingdi (before 154), Jingdi adopted Chao Cuo's "feudal policy of separatist regime" and successively issued imperial edicts to cut off the fiefs of Chu, Zhao and other vassal states.

At this time, Liu Bi, Zhao Liu, Ji 'nan Liu Bi-guang, Zichuan Wang Liu Ang and Jiaodong Wang Liu Xiongqu joined forces with Liu Zongshi to launch a rebellion in the name of "Jun Qing side".

Thanks to Liang's insistence and the advancement of the Han army led by Zhou Yafu, the rebellion was put down within three months.

The Seven Kingdoms Rebellion is the outbreak of the contradiction between the local separatist forces and the central autocratic imperial power. The pacification of the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion marked the basic elimination of the threat of the vassal forces in the Western Han Dynasty and the consolidation and strengthening of centralization.

2, the rule of Wenjing

The governance of Wenjing refers to the governance of the world during the period of Emperor Wendi and Emperor Jingdi in the Western Han Dynasty.

At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, due to years of war and social and economic depression, the Han court greatly appreciated Huang Lao's ruling skills and adopted the policy of "being frivolous" and "sharing interests with the people".

In the second and twelfth years of Emperor Wendi's reign, he "exempted half of the land rent" twice, and in the thirteenth year of Emperor Wendi's reign, he also completely exempted the land rent. At the same time, it is not easy to send troops to neighboring hostile countries to maintain peace, so as not to consume national strength. This is a frivolous and generous policy.

Emperor Wen of Han lived a frugal life. There were no clothes in the palace, clothes were not mopped, and cars were not added. The curtains are not embroidered, and it is forbidden to contribute exotic things in the county. Therefore, the expenditure of the state was restrained, and the aristocratic bureaucrats dared not be extravagant, thus reducing the burden on the people.

Emperor Wenjing also attached great importance to agriculture, and ordered many times to persuade farmers to teach mulberry, and set up a number of people, such as Sanlao, Filial Piety and Tian Li, according to the proportion of registered permanent residence, and rewarded them to encourage farmers to produce. Reward hard-working farmers and persuade officials to care about agriculture and mulberry trees. Every spring, they personally go to the fields to set an example for the people.

During the Wenjing period, we paid attention to "educating the people with morality". At that time, the society was relatively stable and the people were rich. By the end of Emperor Jingdi's reign, the granary of the country was full, and a large amount of copper coins in the treasury were not used for many years, so that the rope for wearing money was rotten, and the scattered money was countless.

With the recovery and rapid development of production, there has been a stable and prosperous scene that has not been seen for many years. The people's living standards have been greatly improved, and the material foundation of the Han Dynasty has also been greatly enhanced. This is the first prosperous time after Chinese civilization entered the imperial era.

The rule of Wenjing is not only a great era of rapid economic and cultural development in the history of China, but also a period of saving energy for the later conquest of Xiongnu by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.

Baidu encyclopedia-western Han dynasty

Baidu Encyclopedia-Seven Kingdoms Rebellion

Baidu Encyclopedia-The Rule of Wenjing