1. The main chemical component of bacterial cell wall is peptidoglycan. Peptidoglycan is a multilayer reticular macromolecular compound composed of N- acetylglucosamine, N- acetylmuramic acid and short peptide. The main components of plant cell wall are cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. The composition of the two is different. Different cell wall components are one of the main characteristics that distinguish species.

2. Plants are photoautotrophs and rely on chlorophyll to convert light energy into chemical energy needed for growth. Bacteria are chemotactic heterotrophs or chemotactic autotrophs, and cannot directly use light energy. This is the biggest difference between plants and bacteria.