My general knowledge of Chinese literature 1. General knowledge of literature

1.& lt& gt It is a collection of recorded essays in China's pre-Qin period, which mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. It is compiled by Confucius' disciples and the records handed down by them. The book has 20 chapters and 492 chapters. Confucius, named Zhong Ni, was a great thinker and educator in China. The founder of Confucian school, whose ideological core is benevolence, advocates that benevolent people love others. In education, it advocates teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. 2.& gt selected from

2. My country is also in order.

1, interchangeable words are hopeless, and there are more people than neighboring countries.

(Nothing, preach "Nothing", don't. Don't expect more people than people in neighboring countries. ) those who give white cards will not be on the road.

Old people with gray hair don't carry things on their backs on the road. ) I don't know how to kill hunger (I paint "road", road.

There are starving people on the road but they don't know how to open the warehouse for relief. 2. Fill in the drum with the part of speech, and the noun takes the object "zhi" as the verb. Beat the drums.

Beat the drums. The tree is a mulberry tree (tree), and the noun takes the object "zhi" as a verb.

Planting. Plant mulberry trees. )

Fifty people can wear clothes and silk (clothes, with the noun "silk" as the verb, put it on. Fifty people can wear silk clothes with it. )

I am willing to teach you in order (I am willing to use adjectives as verbs and do it carefully. Seriously set up school education. )

The noun "Wang" was modified into a verb by the adverb "No" in order to be king and make the people of the world submit. ) CoCo Lee is not hungry and cold, but he is not a king, but he has nothing (generally, "king" is a noun, which is used flexibly as a verb here: king, king, and ruling the world). Wang is innocent (generally "sin" is a noun, which is used flexibly as a verb here: blame, blame). Please use the metaphor of war (generally "war" is a battle (verb), live here. Generally speaking, "death" means death (verb), which can be used flexibly as a noun here: a dead person. (generally, "caution" means caution (adjective), which is used flexibly as a verb here: earnest), and then move the people to Hedong and Xiaomi to Hanoi. (Generally, "moving" means moving, and here is the causative usage: making. ...

Today is for lonely people. I am interested in my country. )

Hanoi is fierce (river, yellow river. Today refers to rivers in general.

There was a famine in Hanoi. Please use the metaphor of war (please, please allow me.

Today is often used for the other party to "sit down" and let the other party sit down; "Please give guidance" to let the other party give guidance. Let me use the metaphor of war. )

Seventy people can eat meat (yes, "can" means "can", and "want" depends on this. Today it is often used to express agreement and approval.

Seventy people can eat meat with it. Go without armor (go, run, here refers to escape.

Now it often refers to walking in general. Abandon armor and drag weapons to escape. )

Or a hundred paces (or, some people, indefinite pronouns. Now it is often used to choose the choice words in complex sentences.

Some people stop after running a hundred steps. ) How many people are there in the world? (Right, then, then.

Now it is often used in pronouns, when saying "this" and "this", such as "sven". ) 4. Special sentences Sentence: Not me, but also years old.

(... yes, that is, "it's not me, it's the year") Sentence of prepositional object: Nothing. The pronoun preposition object in the negative sentence should be "nothing happened", which means "never heard of it". The word "ran" is ambiguous and fierce.

3. Necessary literary knowledge

Lu Xun (1881-19360), formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was a talented writer. His main works are: novels (two): Shouting, Wandering, Zhu Ziqing, modern essayist and poet.

He is the author of a collection of poems, a collection of essays and a collection of essays. His excellent essays include The Back, Spring, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, Green and Haste.

5. Liu Xiezi Yanhe, a literary theory critic in the Southern Liang Dynasty, wrote China's first literary theory monograph, Wen Xin Diao Long. 12, Zuo Zhuan: It is the first chronological history book with detailed and complete narration in China.

Formerly known as Zuo's Chunqiu and Zuo's Chunqiu Biography, it is said that it was written by Zuo Qiuming, a Lu historian at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. It was compiled according to the Spring and Autumn Annals of Lv Family revised by Confucius. It started in the year of Luyin and ended in the twenty-seventh year of Lu Aigong. It mainly records some political, economic, military, diplomatic and cultural events in various countries in the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. It is a precious document to study the pre-Qin history of China and an excellent prose work. Candle by Candle is an excerpt from this work.

13, "Mandarin": It is the earliest national history book in China, with a volume of ***2 1. According to legend, it was written by Zuo Qiuming and recorded the historical facts of Zhou, Lu, Qi, Jin, Zheng, Chu, Wu and Yue from the 12th year of Duke Mu of Zhou to the 16th year of Zhou. Guoyu is known as the legend of the Spring and Autumn Period, and the earliest annotation of Guoyu is the Interpretation of Guoyu by Zhao Wei of the State of Wu in the Three Kingdoms Period.

The article "Goujian Destroys Wu" is selected from Mandarin? Vietnamese. 14, Warring States Policy: A history book of national customs compiled by Liu Xiang at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, with a total of 33 articles, mainly recording the struggles of strategists and strategists during the Warring States period and related suggestions or remarks.

It marks the development of China's ancient historical prose to a new height, and has a great influence on the creation of later prose and ci-fu. 16, The Analects: It is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. It was written by Confucius' disciples (including those who passed it on again) according to their own memories or legends.

It is the most important classic work about Confucianism, with 20 books, covering politics, education, literature, philosophy and the truth of standing in the world. 17, Confucius: (55 BC/kloc-0 BC/-479 BC) Qiu Ming, whose real name was Zhong Ni, was a famous thinker and educator in ancient China, the earliest literary critic in ancient China and the founder of Confucianism.

The core of his thought is "benevolence", which contains two meanings: "the benevolent loves others" and "self-denial for benevolence". 18, Mencius: It is a book that records the words and deeds of Mencius, a thinker in the Warring States Period. It was compiled by Mencius and his disciples, with seven articles covering political activities, political theory, philosophy, ethics and educational thoughts. It is one of the classic works of Confucianism.

Among them, the article is famous for its eloquence, good use of parallelism and aggressive written test. I am for my country is from this work.

19, Mencius: Mingke, a native of Zou in the Warring States Period, a thinker, politician and educator. He is a disciple of Kong Ji, the grandson of Confucius, and a master of Confucianism after Confucius. He developed Confucius' thought of "benevolence" into a political proposition of "benevolent government", emphasizing that "the people should be wise to the monarch" and attaching importance to the people's hearts. Put forward the theory of "good nature" and think that human nature is good.

Xunzi: It was written by Xun Kuang, a thinker at the end of the Warring States Period. A small part was written by his disciples, and there are 32 existing articles. 2 1, Xunzi: name, respectful name "Qing", a Zhao native in the Warring States Period, a thinker, educator, a representative of Confucianism, and a master of materialism in the pre-Qin period.

He put forward the ideas of "evil nature", "Heaven never shuts one door but another" and "Man can conquer nature". Zhuangzi: It was written by Zhuang Zhou, a thinker in the mid-Warring States period, his master and his later scholars. It is also called the Southern Classic. There are 33 articles, including 7 internal articles, 5 external articles 15 and miscellaneous articles 165438.

23. Zhuangzi: Zhou Ming, a native of the Song Dynasty during the Warring States Period, was a representative of the Taoist school, and was also called "Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi" with Lao Zi. 24. Laozi: A thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period, founder of Taoism, surnamed Li Minger, also known as Lao Dan, and author of Laozi, also known as Tao Te Ching.

25. Jia Yi, also known as Jia Sheng or Jia Changsha and Jia Taifu, was a political commentator and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. His representative works include On Qin, Ode to Hanging Qu Yuan, and Ode to Catching Birds.

26. Historical Records: It is the first biographical general history in China, also known as Taishi Gongshu, which describes the history from the legendary Huangdi to the Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty for nearly 3,000 years. There are 130 articles in the book, which are divided into twelve biographies, ten tables, eight books, thirty schools and seventy biographies.

It pioneered China's biographical literature, and was praised by Lu Xun as "the swan song of historians, Li Sao without rhyme". Chronology: Narrating the words, deeds and achievements of emperors by year.

Table: List the main events in each period in chronological order. Book: Records the evolution of various laws and regulations.

Sage: Describe the rise and fall of vassal states and the achievements of outstanding figures. Biography: records the life stories of various celebrities.

27. Sima Qian: the son of a historian, writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty. 28. Wang Xizhi: The word Shao Yi is called Wang Youjun in the world.

Calligraphers and writers in the Eastern Jin Dynasty are known as the "book saints", and his Preface to Lanting Collection is a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation. 29. Tao Qian, also known as 2, has a distinctive personality and is internationally known as "Mr. Jingjie". He was a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He served as a magistrate of Pengze County, then resigned and returned to his hometown, living in seclusion in the countryside and writing a lot of poems.

Poetry "Returning to the Pastoral Residence", "Drinking", prose "Returning to Xi Ci", "Peach Blossom Garden" and "Biography of Mr. Wuliu" are all masterpieces handed down from generation to generation, among which "Collection of Tao Yuanming" is one of them. Classical literature (1) The Book of Songs in the Spring and Autumn Period, the first collection of poems in China, was edited by Confucius.

It is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and praise, and uses the methods of fu, comparison and xing. "Vatan", "Shuoshu" and "The Analects of Confucius" recorded the remarks and behaviors of Confucius and his disciples, which were compiled by Confucius' disciples.

Confucius (55 BC1~ 479), born in Lu, was a thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the Spring and Autumn Period. The Analects of Confucius is divided into six chapters: Ji Gong, and Zuo Zhuan, which is China's first chronicle and records the political, military and diplomatic events of various countries in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to legend, it was written by Zuo Qiuming.

The Debate and Battle of Cao Gui (II) Zhuangzi was written by Zhuang Zhou and his disciples during the Warring States Period, which was a work of the Taoist school. A clever woman can't cook without rice. Mencius recorded his words and deeds, which were written by Mencius and his disciples.

Mencius (about 372~ 289 BC), whose name was Ke, was a great master of Confucianism.