Ideological scholarship
Zeng Guofan, as a famous politician in modern times, was indifferent to the corruption and decline of the Qing Dynasty after the prosperous period of Ganjia. He said: "The country is poor, but people are distracted, which is very serious." As for "scholar-officials are used to being worried and accommodating", "prosperous times are neither white nor black, neither painful nor itchy" nor "hating secondary bones". He believes that "the bad governance of officials is all caused by group curtains, and it is sincere to seek officials to eliminate the disadvantages of curtains." Based on this, Zeng Guofan put forward that "the administration should get the people first". For those who need both morality and tools in times of crisis, they should advocate honesty, respect benevolent government, oppose tyranny and disturb the people, and must severely punish those officials who take bribes and pervert the law. As for the financial and economic relationship between the national movement and people's livelihood, Zeng Guofan believes that the way to manage money is to make full use of the surplus and deficiency, be down-to-earth, be honest and clean, and "gradually seek rectification, not be eager for quick success." Zeng Guofan mentioned agriculture as the basic strategic position of the national economy. He believes that "people's livelihood comes first, and the national economy takes good years as credit." He demanded that "in today's counties, emphasizing agriculture is the first priority." Influenced by the two Opium Wars, Zeng Guofan had his own views on the diplomatic relations between China and the West. On the one hand, he hates westerners invading China, thinks that others should not snore and sleep next to his couch, and opposes using teachers to help him suppress it, so he is deeply ashamed of using foreign countries. "On the other hand, it is not blindly exclusive and advocates learning from advanced science and technology in the West. For example, he said that buying foreign cultural relics ... visiting thoughtful and intelligent people, starting with practice, and then trying to establish, ... can restrain hair tangles, be diligent and far-sighted.
Zeng Guofan was a famous Neo-Confucianism master in the late Qing Dynasty with profound academic attainments. He said: "A person who can really read is good and more expensive than being strong", and he should have the spirit of "three years of old rain, three years of diligence, five nights of solitude and eternal youth". The beauty of writing or masculinity, "focusing on adventure"; Or female beauty, "it is important to get a natural taste." To write an article, you need to work hard on the momentum. "You can rely on reason to do things with anger, but no matter how reasonable it is, it is not gray." We should pay attention to appropriate details, people's details, people's details, and "those who know the position one after another, cut short" is also "the writer's first priority." For Wengui, we should find our own way. "The way to write lies in the beautiful weather." . "Clear rhyme, sonorous, is the first wonderful scene of the article".
With the ability to educate children, the Zeng family has cultivated good children from generation to generation. Although it is a big family of Houmen, there has been no dude in 100 years, which cannot be said to be the success of Zeng Guofan's educational thought. The theoretical system of Zeng Guofan's family education is: taking the Eight Classics as the classics, taking the Eight Treasures as the latitude, interspersed with four key words, three auspicious words and three unbelievers, the latitude and longitude are coherent, and the context is connected, forming a complete theoretical system of family management; This theory is different from China's traditional core idea of educating future generations, and it opposes the theory that famous family trainers such as Confucius, Mencius, Zhu Xi and Yan Shi have always adhered to and put into practice. It is of great practical significance to the educational confusion faced by almost every family in today's society.
Zeng Guofan's battlefield plan began with the compilation and training of Xiang army and the rule of the country by scholars, and suppressed the largest peasant uprising in China history-the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement. His military thought is extremely rich in connotation, and it does have something extraordinary. He believes that the number of soldiers is small, but fine, "serenade is strong", "the more soldiers, the weaker the strength; The more reimbursement, the poorer the country. " Advocate the separation of military and political affairs and take responsibility. He bought foreign guns, cannons and ships, which promoted the modernization of China's military weapons. To run the army, strict military discipline is the first, and at the same time, it is intended to cultivate "harmony" and the soldiers are United. He believes that "the general has the heart of death, and the foot soldiers have no life." There are four requirements for selecting candidates: "First, knowing people and being good at their duties, second, being good at containing the enemy's situation, third, being brave in doing things, and fourth, doing business in an orderly way." Zeng Guofan's strategy and tactics are the most abundant in his military thoughts, which are worth learning today. For example, "use soldiers like rabbits." Quiet as a virgin ",the technique of subject and object is wonderful," Zhazhai fights to the death ",the navy should not attack with the wind, choose a good camp," self-government first, then enemy control ",attack the city in deep trenches and high bases, attack the city in tunnels, cooperate with land and water, use static braking," pull out the roots first, then the headland "and so on.
The way to make friends in the world Zeng Guofan has a lot of insight into the way to make friends. He believes that making friends is expensive in elegance, and it is necessary to "push honesty and keep integrity, compromise tolerance, and forget about doubts and disadvantages." "Don't take advantage of others in everything. Don't take other people's money seriously. " Brainstorm, listen without being deaf. "The way to observe people is to be ethical but not bureaucratic, organize more and talk less." In terms of life, Zeng Guofan believes that "in this troubled times, the poorer the better." As a senior official, "it is always good to have less money and less production." "forbearance is the first priority for officials", "virtue is damaged by fullness, and happiness is reduced by arrogance". Men must be careful with the word "light". "It is not particularly rich and famous. The prosperity of his family name is determined by heaven, that is, whether the virtue of learning is established is mostly related to heaven. Just laugh it off." "Don't do your own work, don't do your own fame", "The sooner you retire, the better". Zeng Guofan wrote twelve proverbs, which basically summarized his way of making friends in life.
Zeng Guofan summed up twelve aspects of cultivation: respect, sitting quietly, getting up early, reading books, reading history, being cautious and independent, nourishing qi, strengthening the body, knowing that the sun will die, knowing that the moon will die, writing, and staying overnight. He believes that the ancient people's self-cultivation has four effects: "Caution alone gives birth to kindness, respect and strengthen the body, benevolence and joy, sincerity and respect". Zeng Guofan did not believe in medicine, monks and witches, immortals, honesty, cleverness, truth and wealth. "Life is poor, know life has no worries."
Character cultivation is helpful to his career. First of all, he is sincere and consistent in appearance, and everything can be made public. The second is respect, awe, no evil thoughts in my heart, dignity and dignity. The third is silence. Mind, qi, spirit and body should be in a state of peace and relaxation. The fourth word is sincerity, no boasting, no lying, no empty talk, truth, one is one, and the other is two. The fifth word remains the same, with regular life, moderate diet and regular daily life. The highest state is "cautious independence", with a god holding his head three feet high. He kept a diary every day, checked and reflected on his words and deeds every day, and in his later life, he constantly put forward more requirements for himself: to be diligent, modest, kind, honest, to know life, to cherish happiness, and so on, in an effort to make himself a saint at that time. Many people think that personality cultivation is an empty thing, and that cultivation is an ethereal thing, even a pedantic thing, but Zeng Guofan's lifelong career and cultivation are the most important reasons for his career success.
Zeng Guofan thought: "there are about five things in the method of keeping in good health: first, always sleep and eat;" Second, punish poverty; Third, abstinence; Fourth, wash your feet before going to bed every night; Fifth, walk three thousand steps after two meals a day. " The four words "eyesight", "rest", "sleep" and "diet" are the most important ways to maintain health, and you should know how to recuperate when you are recovering from illness.
Zeng Guofan ordered himself twelve courses:
Main aspects: neat and serious, clear and clear in the bow, such as the rising sun.
Sit-in: Sit-in for four hours at any time every day to keep calm, such as Zhen Ding.
Get up early: get up at dawn, and don't cling to love after waking up.
Reading is the only way: don't read his book until it is finished.
Reading history: read three histories (Historical Records, Hanshu and Houhanshu) and circle ten pages every day, although things are uninterrupted.
Attention: Pay attention to the moment, the first time.
Nourishing qi: there is nothing to say to people when the gas storage is demonstrated.
Fitness: saving labor, abstinence and dieting.
Know everything every day: read and record your thoughts every day. Seeking deep meaning is eccentricity.
Yuezi never forgets what he can do: write a few poems every month to test the accumulated amount and the prosperity of qi. Don't indulge in ignorance, it's easiest to drown your heart.
Writing: Write for half an hour after dinner. Any pen and ink entertainment is regarded as your own course. Never wait until tomorrow, the more you accumulate, the harder it is to get rid of it.
Don't be exhausted when you go out at night.
Zeng Guofan's skills of employing people, knowing people, and how to employ people, especially how to use accurate people, are extremely profound. Zeng Guofan's way of employing people is an important part of his success in life. He never blindly selects people and confuses authorization. Instead, he should keep his eyes open and follow the method of "he who sees through people first uses people", which shows his leadership and management wisdom.
Four methods of employing people: doing, saving, learning and forbidding;
Understand people's essence, qi and spirit;
Appoint three kinds of people: wisdom, speech and labor;
Zeng Guofan and A Brief Comment on A Mirror and A Mirror;
Bingjian ancient edition
[3]
Bing Jian, a textbook for talents at home and abroad, is a classic document about knowing people and being good at their duties. It is a wonderful book handed down from generation to generation by Zeng Guofan, and it is the key to Zeng Guofan's careful observation and insight into people's hearts. Because of its strong practicality, inspiration and reference, it is highly valued and loved by people from all walks of life. Bing Jian creates a way for readers to approach Zeng Guofan's wisdom and feel his unique strategy of knowing and employing people. A true wisdom classic can not only cross her field, but also cross time and space!
Query on the ice guide;
1, Bing Jian is a book about knowing people by Zeng Guofan, the minister of ZTE in the late Qing Dynasty. The full text is divided into seven chapters.
2. Ancient ice containers. "Zhou Li Tianguan Lingren": "Sacrifice * * * (for) ice guide."
3. Sword and mirror. Words are as clean as ice, which is a metaphor for knowledge. Jiang Yan's "Xie Kai Fu Zhao Biao": "I praise the national machinery, and my position is ice science."
4. Point to the moon. Yuan Zhen's "Moon": "Ice is pure and jade is clean, and the ecliptic is round."
Ice guide
[4] out of the "Ice Guide":
Fools get close to others, and take Ceng Wenzheng for themselves. Mao Zedong
Knowing other people's lessons, there is no relationship in the world. -Li Hongzhang
Although the public does not take the name of good warfare, he can recognize and draw wise generals, and his planning is meticulous and can be found. This is the case with a guard, which has never happened since the actual incident. -Shi Dakai of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
The beauty of sages is better than cleverness, and cleverness is more expensive than Ochibito. -Liu Shao
……
Some people say that Zeng Guofan, a famous minister of ZTE in the Qing Dynasty, has only one set of 13 knowledge handed down from generation to generation, and that is "Letters from Zeng Guofan". In fact, there are two sets handed down from generation to generation, and the other is Zeng Guofan's fortune-telling knowledge and the book Bing Jian. -Nan Huai Jin.
Later generations commented on Liang Qichao's admiration for Zeng's family and said, "I can't wait to gather." Liang refers to Zeng Guofan in the preface of Zeng Gong Chao. "Is it only built by modern people who have never seen it before?" Not only in China, but also in the world. However, Wen is not an unparalleled genius. He is called the slowest of all sages. His suffering will also be the middle of his life; Those who are immortal in virtue, who have made contributions and made great achievements are determined to be refined, but they are trapped in it, knowing what they have done, but going forward bravely, going through all kinds of difficulties and obstacles without setbacks, not seeking immediate results, accumulating inch by inch, accepting vanity, being diligent, steadfast, sincere, handsome, brave and diligent.
Just like Zhang's evaluation of Zeng Guofan in the Revolution of 1911, in the past hundred years, different people have different views, including those who praised Zeng Guofan and those who scolded him. As early as when Zeng Guofan suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, some people accused him of killing too many people and gave him a nickname "Zeng shaved his head". By 1870, many people called him a traitor, so much so that Zeng Guofan felt that he was "blaming the gods inside and blaming the gods outside" and even had the fear of being besieged on all sides. After the Revolution of 1911, some revolutionaries said that he was "the first person to execute the law on the spot" and a traitor with a long history. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, historians even scolded him to the end, denouncing him as the guardian of the feudal landlord class and the puppet of the landlord comprador class.
Xiao Yishan, a famous historian of the Qing Dynasty in the Republic of China, compared Zeng Guofan with Zuo in A Brief History of the Qing Dynasty: "The state and governors win with caution, but with heroism."
Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek are two famous figures in the modern history of China. They spoke highly of Zeng Guofan. When I was young, I devoted myself to studying Zeng's collected works and came to the conclusion that I was "stupid enough to be close to people and only serve". Even in his later years, Mao Zedong once said: Zeng Guofan is the most powerful figure in the landlord class. Chiang Kai-shek paid homage to the Zeng family and thought that Zeng Guofan's lifestyle was "enough for our teachers." He taught the Quotations of Zeng Hubing as a textbook to senior generals, and put the Complete Works of Zeng Wen and Gong Zheng beside the case, and read it all his life. It is said that the way he called the roll and sat in a healthy way all imitated Zeng Guofan. Zeng Guofan's personal charm is evident.
General Cai E spoke highly of Zeng's thought of loving soldiers and building a teacher of benevolence and righteousness: "It is most kind to lead troops like a collar. If this idea can be used, the words of leading troops in ancient and modern times will be burned. " (Collection of Mr. Cai Songpo's Last Works (II), p. 5).
Zuo's elegy for Zeng Guofan: it is better to know people's wisdom and seek loyalty to the country than to be ashamed; Unity is like gold, attacking the wrong stone is beyond redemption.
In the same year of Xianfeng, Zeng Guofan's performance in foreign activities, such as "borrowing foreign countries to help suppress", transporting foreign merchants to South Cao, sending people to buy American planes to set up Jiangnan Machinery Bureau, and handling Tianjin religious plan, pointed out that when domestic troubles and foreign invasion were serious and most scholars were addicted to the textual research of righteousness, Zeng Guofan was able to independently conform to the trend of the times, grasp the times, absorb the essence of China traditional culture, and inherit and carry forward the practical application of Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan.
Zeng Guofan, the pioneer of China's modern modernization, was the first person who really practiced actively in the history of China. Under his guidance, he built the first ship in China, which started the modern manufacturing industry. The establishment of the first ordnance school initiated the modern higher education in China. The first translation and printing of western books not only laid the scientific and technological foundation of modern China, but also greatly broadened the horizons of Chinese people. The arrangement of the first batch of overseas students to study in the United States has cultivated a large number of outstanding talents for the country, among which Tang, the first Prime Minister of the Republic of China, Zhan Tianyou, the "father of railways" in China, Liang Dunyan, the foreign minister in the late Qing Dynasty, and the first president of Tsinghua are outstanding.
Zeng Guofan, the originator of China's ideological and political work, claimed that "I am a training talent, not a fighting talent", and he taught soldiers to "point the head of a stubborn stone and taste the blood of the cuckoo". He trained in Confucianism, which made him an organized team. His "Love Folk Songs" made A Xiang a great success. Mao Zedong's "Three Disciplines and Eight Notices" is based on this. When Chiang Kai-shek built the army in Huangpu, he also published his "Love Folk Song" for the students to sing, which had a great effect. Seeing that Hong Xiuquan's devotion to Catholicism was not in line with China's national conditions, he wrote an article "Begging for Guangdong Bandits", which made many intellectuals take off their robes and lead the wussy peasants to throw themselves under the banner of Xiang, and fought against the Taiping rebels to win the final victory.
Since ancient times, China has been the first person to cultivate one's morality and govern the country perfectly, making great achievements (making great achievements), and making a statement (making a spiritual model for the world) and making a statement (leaving a theory for future generations), but few people can really do it, and Zeng Guofan is one of them. He defeated the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and saved the Qing Dynasty, so he was the "savior" of the Qing Dynasty. He "saved the time", purged the political style and learned western culture, which contributed to the emergence of "Tongzhi Zhongxing" in the late Qing Dynasty. He has always been strict with himself, advocating integrity, flaunting morality, and making every effort to win support from top to bottom; His academic articles are eclectic, extensive and profound, and he is a master of modern Confucianism. "His works are required reading for any politician" (Chiang Kai-shek) has achieved the Confucian "Three Immortals" cause of self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country, making meritorious deeds, establishing morality and making statements, and is worthy of being "the first perfect person in China".
The fastest promotion, the best official protection, the most stable model "Zeng Guofan in politics, Hu Xueyan in business". Zeng Guofan was regarded as a "model of officialdom" by politicians in modern times. This is because, first, he was promoted the fastest, at the age of 37, and he was the only one in the Qing Dynasty. Second, it is best to be an official with a prominent political voice and the words of governing for the people; Third, the official is the most stable, surviving the storm of the official sea, safe and sound, and the honor lasts forever. He is familiar with the history of China, knows the way of officialdom, and has accumulated a whole set of officialdom Juexue, which has been applied to the officialdom of China and is invincible.
Zeng Guofan, the first master of recruiting talents, devoted his life to making friends, recruiting talents, cultivating talents, recommending talents and using talents. His shogunate is the largest and most combative shogunate in China's history, and it has gathered talents from all over the country. In order to recruit talents and retain talents, he gave up his humble face and wrote to recommend his subordinates many times to find officials and jobs for them. He recommended thousands of subordinates in his life, including more than 40 officials and governors. They include strategic military talents such as Li Hongzhang, Zuo, Guo Songtao, Li, and first-class scholars and scientists such as Yu Yue, Li, Hua and Xu Shou.