Suihua city
Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province (Suihua)
[Edit this paragraph] Regional introduction
geographical position
Suihua City is located in the Hulan River Basin of Songnen Plain in the south-central part of Heilongjiang Province. It is 305 kilometers wide from east to west and 308 kilometers long from north to south. Its geographical corridor is like a carp jumping to the west foot of Xiaoxing 'anling at the intersection of Songhua River and Nenjiang River. Its head faces northeast and its tail faces southwest, and it is located on the Songnen Plain in the north of Saibei. The specific geographical location is 124 13' east longitude to 128 30' north latitude to 45 3' 48 02'. The northern part borders Xunke County, Bei 'an City, Baiquan County and Yi 'an County in turn from east to west. The west is adjacent to Lindian County and Daqing City in turn from north to south. The south is connected with Zhaozhou County, Zhaoyuan County and Shuangcheng City in turn from west to east; The east and southeast border Yichun City, tieli city City, Tonghe County, Mulan County, Bayan County, Hulan District of Harbin City and Harbin City in turn from north to south.
Regional area
Suihua has a total area of 34,964.2 square kilometers. Among them, shallow hills account for 19% of the total area, river swamps account for 9% of the total area, and plains account for 72%. The overall structure is roughly "two mountains, one water and seven fields".
topography
Suihua city is high in the northeast and low in the southwest, that is, from the low hills and high plains to the valley plains. According to its morphological characteristics, urban landforms can be divided into low hills, hilly high plains, hilly high plains, slightly inclined high plains, first-class terrace, Gao Man beach and low floodplain. The low hills are mainly distributed in Qing 'an County, Suiling County and the northeast of Helen City. They are the piedmont hills at the western foot of Xiaoxing 'an Mountains. The terrain is relatively high, with an altitude of 300-600 meters (the highest official Wu Yeshan is 820.3 meters high in Qing 'an), with a relative height difference of 50- 1 10 meters; The hilly high plains is mainly distributed in Suiling Farm, Hong Guang Farm and Hailun Farm, as well as Qing 'an County, southwest Suiling County and east and northeast of Hailun City, with an altitude of 240-360m and a relative height difference of 20-60m. Fu Gang-shaped high plains is mainly distributed in the north, middle and south of Hailun, in the north of beilin district, in the east of Wangkui County and in the east of Mingshui County, Qinggang County and Lanxi County, with an altitude of 200-240 meters, and some residual hills are about 380 meters above sea level. Gently inclined from northeast to southwest with a gradient of 5-10; Slightly inclined plateaus are banded along the edge of high plains, Fu Gang, mainly distributed in the west and southwest of Hailun City, south-central of Mingshui County and Wangkui County, south of Qinggang County and Lanxi County, and north of Anda City and Zhaodong City, with an altitude of180-210m. Its landform is broad and flat, slightly inclined to the river, with a slope of 3-5 degrees, showing microwave-like ups and downs; The first terrace is mainly distributed on the left bank of the river, with a width of 3-4 kilometers, in Mingshui County and the west of Qinggang County, as well as most areas of Anda City and Zhaodong City. Altitude160-180m, the terrace is wide and flat, slightly inclined to the river bed, and the slope is less than 3; Gao Man Beach is mainly distributed on both banks of the river, with an altitude of155-175m, with a wide floodplain and flat terrain. The low floodplain is distributed in a strip shape along both banks of the river, generally with a width of 0.5- 1 km.
Climatic characteristics
Suihua belongs to the mid-temperate continental monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons and simultaneous rain and heat. Winter is covered with snow and ice. Summer rainfall is concentrated and the climate is warm and humid. The climate is pleasant in spring and autumn.
The annual average temperature in the city is between 1.3℃-4.0℃, the accumulated temperatures are ≥10 and 2,400℃-2,700℃, the frost-free period is 120- 140 days, and the sunshine hours are 2,600-2,900 hours. The average precipitation in the city is 483 mm, the annual precipitation in the northeast is about 550 mm, the annual precipitation in the southwest is about 400 mm, and the precipitation from July to August accounts for about 60% of the annual precipitation.
Population and nationality
Population: Suihua has jurisdiction over Beilin 1 district, Anda, Zhaodong and Hailun, and 6 counties of Suiling, Cyclobalanopsis, Qing 'an, Lanxi, Wangkui and Mingshui, with ***6 offices, 160 rural towns, 1 33 1. By the end of 2007, the total population of the city was 5.759 million. Among them, the non-agricultural population is 6.5438+0.504 million, accounting for 26.1%; The agricultural population is 4.255 million, accounting for 73.9%. The proportion of elderly people aged 60 and above is 1 1.8%, reaching 680,000.
Ethnic groups: There are 32 ethnic groups in Suihua, of which the Han nationality accounts for 96.27% of the total population and the ethnic minorities account for 3.73%. * * * There are 3/kloc-0 ethnic minorities such as Manchu, Korean, Hui, Mongolian, Daur, Xibe, Miao, Zhuang, Yao, Hezhe, Oroqen, Yi, Tibetan, She, Ewenki, Uygur and Naxi, among which Manchu, Korean, Hui and Mongolian have a large population. * * * There are 7 ethnic townships, including 6 Manchu townships and 0 Korean townships. * * * There are 66 ethnic villages, including 49 Manchu villages, 0/5 Korean villages and 2 Hui villages.
Basic environment
urban district
Transportation: The city has convenient transportation. Binbei, Jia Bin and Binzhou railways run through six cities and counties in the city, and four trunk highways of Harbin-Dalian, Harbin-Heilongjiang, Harbin-Dalian and Shen Ming run through seven cities and counties in the city. Among them, Hasui Expressway is connected with Jingha Expressway. Foreign trade can enter the markets of CIS countries through ports such as Heihe River, Suifenhe River and Jiamusi, or directly go to sea to Japan, North Korea and other Southeast Asian countries through Russian Temple Street.
Communication: International program-controlled direct dial telephone, paging, mobile phone and Internet have been opened in 10 cities and counties in the city, and communication at home and abroad is very fast and convenient.
Energy: All the cities and counties in the city 10 have entered the national power grid system, with sufficient power supply and reliable power supply.
[Edit this paragraph] Administrative divisions
Suihua
In 2005, Suihua administered 1 municipal district, 3 county-level cities and 6 counties.
Suihua has an area of 352 1 1 km2 and a population of 5.55 million (2003).
Beilin district covers an area of 2,723 square kilometers and has a population of 880,000. Postal code 152000. District People's Government is located in Beier West Road.
Anda covers an area of 3,586 square kilometers and has a population of 5 1 10,000. Postal code 15 1400. The Municipal People's Government is located in Anda Town.
Zhaodong covers an area of 4,330 square kilometers and has a population of 930,000. Postal code 15 1 100. The Municipal People's Government is located in Zhaodong Town.
Helen covers an area of 4,667 square kilometers and has a population of 830,000. Postal code 152300. The Municipal People's Government is located in Helen Town.
Wangkui County covers an area of 2,299 square kilometers and has a population of 480,000. Postal code 152 100. The county people's government is located in Wangkui Town.
Lanxi county covers an area of 2,499 square kilometers and has a population of 470,000. Postal code 15 1500. County People's Government in Lanxi Town.
Qinggang county covers an area of 2,686 square kilometers and has a population of 420,000. Postal code 15 1600. County People's Government in Qinggang Town.
Qing 'an County covers an area of 5,607 square kilometers and has a population of 380,000. Postal code 152400. County People's Government in Qing 'an Town.
Mingshui county covers an area of 2,308 square kilometers and has a population of 340,000. Postal code 15 1700. County People's Government in Mingshui Town.
Suiling County covers an area of 4,506 square kilometers and has a population of 330,000. Postal code 152200. County People's Government in Suiling Town.
[Edit this paragraph] Natural resources
land resources
The land in Suihua area is concentrated and contiguous, with flat terrain, excellent soil quality, high fertility, long sunshine time and abundant rainfall, which is suitable for the growth of food crops and cash crops. The city's existing cultivated land area is149,000 hectares, accounting for17 of the province's cultivated land. It is suitable for 9 million mu of pasture, 6.5438+0.65 million mu of woodland and 6.5438+0.5 million mu of water surface. The city's undeveloped land is 3.95 million mu.
prairie resources
The grasslands in Suihua area are all located in the hinterland of Songnen grassland, one of the three major grasslands in China, with a total area of 8.65 million mu. The grassland is contiguous, the grass quality is excellent, and it is rich in Leymus chinensis and Cinnamomum camphora, which is famous at home and abroad. Leymus chinensis has strong cold and drought resistance and high nutritional value. It is the main feed for livestock in the western cities and counties of this area, and it is exported to Japan because of its excellent grass quality. Reed and Cinnamomum camphora are important raw materials for papermaking and can also be used to make various textiles. Old awn and cattail are also widely used. There are more than 90 kinds of forage grass, such as wild ancient grass, green bristlegrass, green bristlegrass and autumn bean grass. The theoretical carrying capacity of grassland in the whole region is 980,000 sheep units.
water resource
Suihua area is rich in surface water resources. The main rivers in China are Songhua River, Nenjiang River and Hulan River. Rivers are mainly divided into Songhua River system and Hulan River system. The total source is 4.782 billion cubic meters. There are 18 rivers with theoretical water resources reserves above 500 kilowatts. Surface water resources are 2.54 billion cubic meters, and groundwater resources are 2.22 billion cubic meters.
forest resources
The forest area in Suihua area is120,000 mu, and the forest volume is140,000 cubic meters.
mineral resources
The western part of Suihua area is Songnen Plain and the eastern part is hilly and semi-mountainous area, which is rich in underground resources. The preliminarily proved mineral resources include oil, iron ore, coal, marble, limestone and quartzite, and there are more than 20 kinds of proven reserves. Oil and natural gas are discovered and exploited in Zhaodong and Anda in the west. The discovered metal deposits in Qing 'an, Suiling and Hailun in the east include lead, zinc, yellow iron and placer gold, and high-quality mineral water also has great development value.
Wild animal and plant resources
The northeast of Suihua area is hilly woodland at the foot of Xiaoxing 'an Mountains, and the west is vast grassland and rivers.
Zhaodong Jin Dynasty Balicheng Site
River and ditch bubbles are distributed all over the region, with abundant animal and plant resources, and many products enjoy a high reputation in the international and domestic markets. Wild animals include sable, otter, sika deer, dragon and dozens of other precious animals. Rich in mountain products such as auricularia auricula and Hericium erinaceus. The forest coverage rate is 12.5%, and the forest stock is 20 million cubic meters.
tourist resources
There are 49 1 cultural sites in the city, including provincial cultural relics protection units 10. Zhaodong Jin Dynasty Balicheng Site, Anda Japanese Army 73 1 Crime Evidence Site and Wangkui LAM Raymond Former Residence Memorial Hall have become provincial, prefecture and municipal traditional education bases. The construction and services of tourist attractions such as Lahagang in Lanxi, Dongfanghong Reservoir in Helen, Jingui Mountain Villa in Suihua, Miaoshan Park in Wangkui Satellite, and virgin forest tourism belt are improving day by day.
[Edit this paragraph] Overview of economic and social development
industry
General situation of industry
There are more than 2,700 industrial enterprises in Suihua, which have initially cultivated industries such as food, textile, building materials, metallurgy, machinery, chemical industry, medicine, tobacco, printing and paper making. 100 Many famous and excellent products are exported to more than 20 countries and regions such as Russia, the United States, Japan, Thailand, South Korea, Singapore, Italy and Hong Kong. The pattern of urban-rural chain economy dominated by industry has initially taken shape. In 200 1 year, the added value of new caliber industries in the city was 2.37 billion yuan.
General situation of agriculture
Suihua City is a national large-scale commodity grain base and a foreign exchange earning base for agricultural and sideline products export. It is the three major cash crop bases of beet, flax and flue-cured tobacco, the animal husbandry production base dominated by herbivores, and the largest hometown of green food in the province. At present, the city's total grain output accounts for a quarter of the province, and the commodity volume accounts for about a third of the province. It is one of the major grain reserve areas in China. 1999, the city's total agricultural output value reached166.5 billion yuan.
General situation of trade
Commerce and trade
Suihua is an important commodity distribution center in the north and south of Harbin. Especially after the establishment of the new Suihua city, the strategy of "opening, attracting investment, introducing links and developing" by the municipal party committee and municipal government has injected new vitality into the development of commercial trade. There are 263 large-scale comprehensive and professional wholesale markets in the city. In 2000, the total retail sales of social commodities reached 9.35 billion yuan, the fiscal revenue reached 65.438+0.45 billion yuan, and the balance of savings deposits of urban and rural residents reached 65.438+0./kloc-0.22 billion yuan. Suihua has cooperated with Russia, the United States, Italy and other countries through economic and trade activities such as Harbin Fair and Heilongjiang Fair. At the same time, Suihua fruit and vegetable wholesale market, which has the reputation of "the first episode of Songbei", has spread all over 43 cities and counties in the surrounding provinces and regions of 14, ranking among the top professional wholesale markets in the whole province.
General situation of science and technology
There are more than 300 national and private scientific research institutions in Suihua, with professional technicians 165438+9000. Projects such as high-yield demonstration of soybean, corn and rice, and development of flax series products are in a leading position in the whole country and the whole province.
Suihua University
General situation of education
There are 2,767 schools in Suihua, including 3 universities, 24 secondary specialized schools, 7 technical schools/KLOC-0, 26 vocational middle schools, 344 ordinary middle schools and 2,353 primary schools.
Cultural investigation
Suihua City has complete cultural and entertainment facilities and rich cultural and artistic activities. Paper-cutting, Chinese painting, calligraphy, wood grain painting, bronze carving and other works enjoy high reputation at home and abroad. Foreign cultural exchanges are extremely active. Radio and television covered the whole city.
hospital
Health profile
There are 303 health institutions in Suihua City, with health technicians10.5 million. There are a large number of well-known experts in internal and external surgery in the city.
General situation of sports
Suihuayou 1 1 amateur sports school. Track and field, wrestling, speed skating, shooting, table tennis and other sports are in the forefront of the province. All counties (cities, districts) in the whole city/KLOC-0 have reached the national and provincial sports advanced county standards, and Zhaodong City and beilin district have been awarded the title of hometown of track and field by the state.
[Edit this paragraph] Historical evolution
Suihua area has a long history. About 10 thousand years ago, in the Paleolithic Age, there were ancient people living in Suihua area. Suihua area was a cautious place in Xia and Shang Dynasties. "A cautious person is also a big northeast country since the summer." From Yu Shun to Xia (Yu), Cheng (Tang) and Zhou (Chang) periods, Su God had close ties with all ethnic groups in the Central Plains. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty, Qing 'an, Suiling, Helen, Wangkui, Lanxi and other cities and counties in the northeast and east of Suihua are still places of caution. Mingshui, Cyclobalanopsis, Anda in the west and Zhaodong in the southwest all felt the earthquake. After the integration of the two places, it is called involvement.
From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, there was a husband's room, and Fu Yu lived in the northeast and was a descendant of Yi people. During the Jin Dynasty, most cities and counties in the whole region belonged to Kou, and their agriculture and animal husbandry economy, culture and customs were deeply influenced by the Central Plains. During this period, my husband surrendered to the Central Plains Dynasty at that time.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Suihua area was an auspicious place. Buji successively established tribute relations with the Southern Dynasties and the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Sui and Tang Dynasties belonged to the Jie land, and social development was in the transitional stage from primitive society to slavery society.
In the Tang Dynasty, two groups were finally formed, belonging to the Tang Dynasty, Bohai County and Heishui County.
During the Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties, Suihua area was successively under the jurisdiction of Liao State established by Qidan nationality and Jin State established by Jurchen nationality.
Suihua area was under the jurisdiction of Kaiyuan Road in Yuan Dynasty, and agriculture developed greatly during this period.
In the Ming Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the Command and History Department of Nuer Tuo, and mainly inhabited by ethnic minorities such as Jurchen, Han, Mongolian and Korean.
During the Qing dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the general guarding Heilongjiang. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu, the governor of the eastern province was established in the northeast, in charge of Fengtian, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, and the entire Suihua area was under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province.
In the early years of the Republic of China, the three northeastern provinces implemented a three-level management system of province, province and county, and most counties in Suihua belonged to Suilan Road. In the eighteenth year of the Republic of China, the Northeast Administrative Committee was established, and the county was directly under the jurisdiction of the province. Helen and Suihua are the first-class counties, Zhaodong, Lanxi, Cyclobalanopsis, Anda and Wangkui are the second-class counties, and Suiling and Mingshui are the third-class counties.
During the puppet Manchukuo period, Suihua area was placed under the jurisdiction of Binjiang Province at that time. After several changes, most cities and counties in this area are still under the jurisdiction of Binjiang Province.
During the War of Liberation, Qingcheng (Qing 'an), Helen, Wangkui, Suihua, Mingshui, Cyclobalanopsis, Lanxi, Anda and Zhaodong were under the jurisdiction of the then Binjiang Province. After several changes, most cities and counties in this area are still under the jurisdiction of Binjiang Province.
10 On the eve of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) in 949, all the cities and counties in the whole region10 were under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Suihua belonged to Heilongjiang Province and Songjiang Province.
After 1954, the two provinces merged and belonged to Heilongjiang Province. 1999, with the approval of the State Council, a prefecture-level Suihua city was established, which governs Zhaodong, Anda, Hailun, Wangkui, Lanxi, Mingshui, Cyclobalanopsis, Qing 'an, Suiling and Beilin.
1On March 6th, 956, with the approval of the State Council, Suihua Special Zone was established, and the counties directly under the provincial control were Suihua, Helen, Wangkui, Bei 'an, Dedu, Suiling, Tieli (later renamed Tieli), Qing 'an, Hulan, Lanxi, Bayan, Mulan and Tonghe.
1958 The Suihua Special Zone was abolished, and nine counties including Suihua, Wangkui, Suiling, Helen, Qing 'an, Tonghe, Mulan, Lanxi and Bayan were placed under the Songhua River Special Zone; Bei 'an County was placed under Nenjiang District; Hulan county belongs to Harbin city. Revocation of Tieli County and merging into Qing 'an County; Deduct Dedu County and merge into Bei 'an County.
1965 Songhua River Society was moved from Harbin to Suihua Town, Suihua County and renamed Suihua Society. Restore Anda County. Suihua Special Zone governs Suihua, Suiling, Hailun, Qing 'an, Zhaodong, Mingshui, Lanxi, Wangkui, Zhaoyuan, Zhaozhou, Cyclobalanopsis, Tieli and Anda 13 counties.
1967 In May, with the approval of the Revolutionary Committee of Heilongjiang Province, the Revolutionary Committee of Suihua District was established and the Suihua Commissioner's Office was officially revoked. Suihua District was changed to Suihua District, and the District Revolutionary Committee was located in Suihua County, still under the jurisdiction of 13 County. 1April, 970, Tieli County was placed under the jurisdiction of Yichun area.
Suihua area was renamed Suihua area on 1970. Tieli County is under the jurisdiction of Yichun area. Suihua area governs 12 county.
1978165438+10. According to the provisions of the new constitution, the Revolutionary Committee of Suihua District was changed to the Suihua District Administrative Office, which is an agency of the provincial government. The administrative office is located in Suihua County, which governs 12 County. 1982 65438+February to1990 65438+1October, Suihua, Anda, Zhaodong and Hailun successively withdrew from counties to set up cities. 1 99265438+February1,Zhaozhou and Zhaoyuan counties are under the leadership of Daqing city. At that time, Suihua had jurisdiction over Suihua, Anda, Zhaodong, Hailun, Wangkui, Cyclobalanopsis, Mingshui, Lanxi, Suiling and Qing 'an counties. (The above is taken from the Catalogue of Records of Heilongjiang Province)
1982 18 February 18, the State Council approved the revocation of suihua county and the establishment of county-level suihua city.
1984 1 17 10 the State Council approved (Guo Han [1984] 159) the cancellation of Anda County and the establishment of Anda City (county level), with the original administrative area of Anda County as the administrative area of Anda City.
1September 8, 986, the State Council approved (official letter [1996] 1 1) to cancel Zhaodong County and establish Zhaodong City (county level), taking the former administrative area of Zhaodong County as the administrative area of Zhaodong City.
1989 65438+On February 23rd, the State Council approved the revocation of Helen County and the establishment of Helen City (county level).
1August 2, 9921day, the State Council approved Zhaozhou County and Zhaoyuan County in Suihua District to be assigned to Daqing City.
1 99965438+On February 28th, the State Council approved (Guo Han [1999] 154): (1) Suihua area and county-level Suihua city were abolished and prefecture-level Suihua city was established. The Municipal People's Government is located in the newly established Beilin District. (2) Suihua City established Beilin District, and the original county-level Suihua City administrative area was Beilin District administrative area. District People's Government is located in Beier West Road. (3) Suihua City governs Wangkui County, Qing 'an County, Suiling County, Lanxi County, Qinggang County, Mingshui County and the newly established Beilin District in the former Suihua area. Anda City, Zhaodong City and Hailun City in the former Suihua area are municipalities directly under the Central Government of Heilongjiang Province, and Suihua City is in charge.